DIDGAH
Year:2012 | Volume:- | Issue:-|Papers Count:5

This paper tries to provide the strategies and guidelines that increase the competitive advantage of Iranian ports in attracting and berthing of the merchant vessels - specifically in the port of Bushehr. An appropriate and effective decision-making process and an accurate analysis of the issues related to the loading/unloading problems can affect the market. Effective decision-making requires a proper understanding of the important indicators like economic, political, and cultural development. Therefore, identifying these indicators is one of the most important research areas for analysts, decision makers, and experts of this field.The purpose of this research is to recognize the impact of economic, political and cultural issues on the berthing of merchant vessels. This study also tries to identify various restrictions on foreign merchant vessels for berthing at Iranian ports as well as the limitations on foreign ports for servicing these vessels.Since the purpose of this research is to evaluate the strategies for increasing the competitive advantages of attracting and berthing of merchant vessels in the port of Bushehr, the descriptive survey method is used.From this study, it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between the berthing of merchant vessels in the port of Bushehr and economic, political, and cultural. Therefore, providing a strong and positive relationship between these factors can be very effective in attracting and berthing the merchant vessels in the port of Bushehr as well as other Iranian ports.

Due to the growth of international trade, the volume of freight transportation - especially marine transportation - has been increased over the recent years and it will increase even more. The growth of freight transportation and international trade has been resulted in the increased information exchange between relevant factors in the transport chain and this information exchange not only involves the importer and exporter countries, but also the active companies in this field.To enjoy the competitive advantages, the ports need to a health and optimum information exchange process for various actors in this area.Port Community Systems (PCS) which cover different parts of the ports as well as the companies operate in the port area, are an effective and useful tool that can manage the information flow.

Human resources are one of the fundamental factors in the development process, especially in the process of sustainable development. In this respect, it is noteworthy that literature shows there is a little attention on unique individual features and gender traits as well as the psychological adjustments between the actors and functions. But eventually, historical and comparative studies have considered these factors and accepted women as a half of all social actors. With emphasis on women's abilities and with the aim of achieving sustainable development, these studies have welcomed the entry of women into science centers, universities, and professional work spaces like medicine, engineering, aerospace, maritime, etc. This social trend has recently been drawn to our country and finally we are seeing the presence of the women in science centers and universities as students, faculty members, specialists, etc.The present research study argues that women enjoy some features and characteristics which interact with issues such as health, safety, and environmental protection. This paper also claims that women's capacity in such areas is greater than men.Finally, relying on the knowledge of psychology and physiological studies of women, this paper concludes that it is an urgent need to assess the issues like health, safety, and environmental protection from the standpoint of feminine gender traits and such studies can be the basics of sustainable development.

Right of Environment and Right of Development is a worldwide issue. Today, experts in different fields agree on the generalities development measures as a common trend and economic and industrial development as a special trend, but they disagree on the implementation process. This paper investigates the global attitudes toward these two rights in international legally binding documents.According to Article 9 of Civil Code of Islamic Republic of Iran and using the library research method, this study evaluates the environmental provisions of international documents which are accepted, approved, or incorporated by Islamic Republic of Iran. This study examines the provisions of 35 conventions and amendment protocols.Unlike the first and second international covenant of human rights, the third international covenant is just a statement and has no international obligations. In the other hand, the right of environment is not recognized as an independent human right in the international documents and it is often overshadowed by other human rights like the Right of Life. It should be also noted that this little attention to the right to environment is often included in the introduction of the conventions which lacks the legally binding aspects of the main text of the conventions. Regardless of whether the Right of Environment is dependent or independent of other human rights and according to the Principle of Environmental Protection, international cooperation with the aim of sustainable development should be the main goal of step by step actions that relate the Right to Environment and Right to Development.