Ethics in Science and Technology
Year:2016 | Volume:11 | Issue:1|Papers Count:17

Background: Sustainable development concept simultaneously prescribe “economic development and efficiency”, “social welfare” and “environmental protection and restoring the natural resources of the land”. What has faded the result of these attempts is their failure to sustain human life in a worthy and decent manner. It seems that we need a new definition of sustainable development that besides the protection and evolution in environmental, economical and social aspects of human lives also includes his ethical promotion and spiritual development. These paper discuses the importance of the idea and analysis how it can be applied to the sustainable development process and recommends the elements of this fourth dimension.Conclusion: Results of study show that redefining the idea of sustainable development by adding moral and spiritual sides to the common traditional triangle of sustainable development is needed. Perhaps by considering this important ignored pillar, we achieve an appropriate framework that manifests our dignity, as the successor of God on Earth.

Background: Attention to ethic is not only related to belief matters and valued beliefs and religious commands but it is also a divinely belief and canonical duties. Due to attention to this concept in most studies as independent variable in theory formation domain, especially in societal matters such as security, this concept is very important. Therefore, in this research we try to study and review the role of social ethic on two concepts of societal security and public security.Conclusion: In regard to the relation of ethic and societal security it has been shown that ethic plays a role in provision of societal security for both virtuous behavior and participative behavior. regarding the relation of ethic to public security it has been shown that shame and modesty as an ethical concept and guilty feeling as an ethical and religious concept play a role in form of ethical virtuous behaviors in reduction of crime and somehow has a role in public security improvement.

Background: One of the moral and legal concerns caused by the development and application of nanotechnology relates to the issue of privacy. The core of this concern is formed by the radio frequency identification (RFID). RFID chips, by the application of nanotechnology, have been produced much more effective, smaller and cheaper than the ones produced in the past. Nowadays, these tags are being used for tracking, registration and prevention of theft of the goods of large shops. Saved data on RFID chips are easily accessible, even after the sale of the tagged goods and outside the shop, by an electronic reader and, hence, the person who carries the goods is unknowingly traceable. Widespread use of RFID tags, as it stands at the time being, i.e. with no security consideration, seriously threatens the privacy of individuals. This research, by studying the manner in which the privacy of individuals are violated by incorrect use of nanotechnology and explaining the significance of privacy in the ethical lives of individuals and considering its status under international and various local legal systems, including the Iranian one, endeavors to inform the society of these potential risks and the ways to deal with them.Conclusion: Since violation of privacy puts in danger the principles of dignity, autonomy, intimacy and ultimately the foundation of individuals’ moral lives, it is necessary that, while observing the moral principles, certain legal solutions be arranged on the basis of which the benefits of RFID are kept, whereas possible abuses of it for threatening citizen rights and security are eliminated.

Background: Publications plays an important role in scientific production and dissemination of knowledge. Therefore, it is necessary to such assessments like content analyze to be done. Aim of this study is content analysis of the articles in the Journal of Ethics in Science and Technology (2006-2015).Method: In this descriptive study, the Content of 317 articles Published in Journal of Ethics in Science and Technology was analyzed between 2006 and 2015. Analysis was conducted by using a checklist and obtained data was entered in Excel Software. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics such as data classification based on frequency distribution and mean, tables and charts drawing.Results: Most authors (68.82%) from 709authors of 317articles were Male. Most articles (15.41%) were made by two authors. Most of the authors (50.84%) have Ph.D. degree and most of them were affiliated to Tehran University. Most of the studied articles (185 titles) were descriptive and the most used subject descriptors were professional ethics (42titles).Conclusion: According to the limited collaboration of women, authorities have to consider using methods to encourage authors to submit papers on topics that have been neglected or dealt less from others about ethics in science and technology especially for women.

Background: Secure use of social networks by women is depends on the awareness of ethical issues, protecting personal information and identifying privacy. The purpose of this study was to investigate views and experiences with Internet safety and privacy protection among women.Method: This study is ex post facto research. Population of study includes all graduate students of faculty of industry (N=339). Among all subjects, 205 participants were selected randomly. Data were collected by questionnaire. Data were analyzed by computer by descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: The results show that women are more sensitive than men about privacy. There is a significant difference between the averages of privacy score of male and women users. It can be said that women are more sensitive about privacy and they put more restriction on their profile than men via privacy settings.Conclusion: We found that women had greater privacy concerns and less identity information disclosure than men.

Background: Like other different aspects of individual and social life, in the publishing world, editors should preserve professional’s ethics principles and just choose articles that are accurate, ethical, scientific and responsibly made. This article shows any abuse of scientific status and consequently immorality in scientific publications of editor’s in chief.Method: The present study is a descriptive – analytic survey with a scientometric approach. The sample of this research is 248 journals out of 691 journals with IF. Data was extracted from Science Citation Index (SCI) and analysis was done by Excel.Results: Findings show that journals in which editors in chief have the greatest share with 5 and 3.6% belongs to Natural resources, humanities and agricultural sciences fields and the journals in which members of the publishing institute have the greatest share, belong to medical sciences and veterinary. In some journals of humanities and agricultural sciences, more than 10% of articles published over these 2 years belong to editors in chief, which have resulted in the fact that in many cases editors in chief have become the most prolific authors of their own journals.Conclusion: Ethical practice of editors and journal’s publisher members can encourage writers, especially young ones in sending their papers in prestigious journals. Therefore having ethical principles by members of the Editorial Board will have an effect in creation of a positive attitude to the journal and promotion of respect and dignity of the journal, over time.

Background: Nowadays, world trade development allows different cultures and diverse social and economic systems to interact with each other. Within such atmosphere, the importance of ethical consideration emerged more than the past. The aim of this study is to identify the dimensions and indicators of ethical implications in business assessment and prioritization of these dimensions and indicators.Method: This is a descriptive survey. The population of this study is experts of Khorasan Razavi province's hospitals. This group of experts includes senior managers and other experts in Khorasan Razavi province who are working in hospitals. Information collected in this study includes literature review, data collection and evaluating components of the experts in this field through a questionnaire. In the next step, using interpretive structural modeling (ISM) as a new analysis methodology, indices of business ethics and the relationship between dimensions and indices of business ethics has been determined and analyzed in an integrated model. At the end, in order to identify and evaluate the method of prioritizing the business ethics indices, DEMATEL technique was applied.Results: By reviewing the literature of research and interviewing experts, 27 effective factors were identified, and these factors were classified in 6 major indices. In the next step, relations among aspects and indices of business ethics were determined and analyzed. Prioritizing the aspects and business ethics' indices have been achieved by using Khorasan Province hospitals data and ethical leadership and codes of ethics were find to have the most important and the least important aspects respectively. Also among the indices, accountability index enjoyed the best condition and having technology and new equipments and their performance are the weakest aspect in this regards.Conclusion: In this study Priorities and indicators of business ethics by identifying the strengths and weaknesses could be used as a model for policy making and strategy at macro and micro level.

Background: Spirituality in workplace has meaningful effect on behavior of staffs. This study aimed at predicting the relationship between spirituality in the workplace and work ethic among nursing and staff of Imam Khomeini hospital, Urmia City.Method: The research method was descriptive-correlation. Population of study includes all staffs of hospital. Among all, 96 staff and nurses of hospital were randomly selected. Data were gathered through two questionnaires of standard spirituality in workplace and work ethic. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16 software.Results: Positive and significant relationship between spirituality in the workplace and work ethic can predict interesting to the job, healthy interactions in workplace and cooperation in job.Conclusion: There is significant relationship between spirituality and ethics in workplace. Therefore, it is so important for managers to regard to spirituality in workplace.

Background: Faculty members are the main pillars of Universities which are responsible for a major role in managing and leading universities, so they must adhere to professional ethics. Demographic variables are factors that may affect professional ethics. The present study examines the impact of demographic variables on the possibility of observing professional ethics teaching in universities.Method: This study was conducted with the quantitative approach and has been performed with survey method. By using cluster random sampling, 131 individuals of Faculty members of Tehran’s Universities were selected as a statistical sample. Research instrument was questionnaire which made by researchers. The data were analyzed using SPSS software and F test was used for comparison groups.Results: gender has created the greatest difference in response to the possibility of observing professional ethics of teaching. Work experience, type of employment and type of University have less effect, respectively.Conclusion: Gender approach and type of education can be effective on professional ethics even at the university levels. In addition to the hiring and promotion of faculties include professional ethical code, the academic criteria leading to the strengthening and improvement of professional ethics in the universities.

Background: Ethical behavior is an integral part of the care process and it is one of the needs in the nursing profession. The purpose of this research is to explore the components of ethical behavior of nurses. Therefore, identify the components and sub-component of ethical behavior of nurses with patients is the main issue in this research.Method: This study used a Mixed Exploratory. The statistical population was all nurses in public hospitals in Mashhad. Sample in the qualities part were 14 top nurses and in quantity section 176 experience nurses were selected. Data were collected by interview and questionnaires. Thematic content analysis was used for data analysis in quantitative part and then to assess the fit of the model in quantitative research, confirmatory factor analysis and AMOS software were used.Results: The results of the interview analysis was abstracted in three main parts "conscious and compassionate care", "sacrifice" and "reverence for the patient." and Each core part consists of several subcomponent. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis show that all components and sub-components were approved except the component of "patient education". The comparative fit index model (CFI) using the software AMOS was calculated 0/9, which indicates approval of the model and verifying the components and sub-components.Conclusion: It can be concluded that in critical conditions, nurses will scarify their lives For caring patients. This suggests a high-level of sacrifice among nurses.

Background: The basic function of ethics is how to regulate emotional intelligence and analytical intelligence to serve the interests of society and how to convert the principles and positions. In the decisions of professional judgment such as audit it is expected moral intelligence is directly related to professional practice. Therefore, this study examines the relationship between ethical intelligence and performance audit including compassion, honesty, responsibility and forgiveness.Method: The method of the research is descriptive - correlation. The population of this research is staff audit of the firms’ members of the Iranian association of certified public accountants. Statistical sample is 306 audit firms located in Tehran which selected by simple random sampling. For data collection, we used standard questionnaire that number of questions to measure ethical intelligence is 16 and for auditors’ performance 4 questions. The analyses method of information is Structural Equation Model based on partial least squares and - XLSTAT 2014 version was used.Results: The results indicate that there is a significant relation between ethical intelligence and its components except forgiveness. Responsibility has the highest relationship with auditors’ performance and compassion and honesty and offence are most relevant with auditors’ performance in turn.Conclusion: Therefore, whatever auditors have higher ethical intelligence; they will have better professional performance. Responsibility of ethical intelligence also has the highest importance on auditing profession.

Background: managers have several responsibilities in schools. Perhaps the most one is the ability to use power with respect to a model of ethical principles. Since the introduction of organizational ethical climate of science to the world, little research on the nature of the other predictors and outcomes of organizational ethics has been Variables. Then, in this paper to investigate the organizational ethics and job performance of elementary principals in Tehran and the prediction of job performance managers on organizational ethics component to be determined.Method: This study is descriptive-correlation research. Population of study includes all teachers of formal schools in Tehran. Among all teachers, 400 subjects were selected randomly as sample group. Data were collected by questionnaire and were analyzed by Pearson correlation and regression analysis.Results: The results showed that the average of corporate ethics and managers' job performance is above average and there is a significant and positive relationship between corporate ethics and job performance of managers. Among the components of organizational ethics, organizational autonomy components (72.2 percent) account for the largest share in the prediction of job performance managers.Conclusions: Evidence from this study indicates that the presence organizational ethics among administrators, top administrators autonomy influence on their performance. It is one of the issues that should be considered seriously.

Background: Professional ethics is an important branch of applied ethics that it is necessary to deal with life in a new community, accordingly set of rules and ethics must be observed in any Occupation and pay more attention to ethics. The aim of study is to recognize and ranking the professional ethics components in management.Method: This study is an applied- qualitative research. Population of study includes all employees of company of development Kimiya of Sanabad. Among all, 31 participants were selected randomly. Data were collected by researchers made questionnaire and were analyzed by Friedman test.Results: After data analysis, 37 effective components are identified. Spirituality indicator has 3 component, intrapersonal (internal person) 10 component, extra personal 7 component, intra organization 12 component, and extra organization 5 component.Conclusion: Ranking of manager's professional ethics component is showing responsibility (in first order) trust in God, Trusteeship and honesty component. In our study society, indicator of spirituality is in the first order and indexes of intrapersonal, extra organization, intra organization, extra personal, indexes are in the latter places. Thus, we can say professional ethics of managers of Co-operative Company of Sanabad development Kimya is in the desired level.

Background: ethics in sports requires effort, a strong and stable personality, knowledge of ethics, understanding of situations and opportunities learn the rules, faith sincere heart to work and respect for social norms is. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between personality traits, physical education teachers with the moral component of Isfahan province.Method: The research method was descriptive-correlation. Population of study includes all physical education teachers in Isfahan province that was selected as the research sample 305 randomly. The data were collected from the questionnaire component of moral (17 question) and character (15 question) by using the Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regressions analyzes.Results: The results show that the highest average of the component elements of the ethical, moral education and character features the highest average power components, respectively. There is a significant positive correlation between personality (conscientiousness, extraversion, convergence, neuroticism and internal locus of control) and the ethical component. The regression analysis showed that ethical component can significantly predict personality traits.Conclusion: Considering the benefits of high levels of ethical components, cultural practices are recommended in order to improve the level of education.