AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS: IRANIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS (ECONOMICS AND AGRICULTURE JOURNAL)
Year:2015 | Volume:9 | Issue:4 |Papers Count:12

In integrated markets, price shocks in one market are answered in the other markets. Under these conditions, price differences of homogenous commodities in various markets arise from transit costs. Survey of spatial price transmission is one of the methods for studying market integration. With this point of view, spatial price transmission process of pistachio is studied in threshold price transmission models framework. Threshold price transmission models from producer province (Kerman) to consumer provinces (the other provinces of Iran) were estimated by using monthly retail price index data of pistachio for March 2007 to February 2013 period. The results showed that there is positive asymmetric price transmission in the most provinces of country in short- run and marketing agents gain extra benefits and consumers loss from different speed of market integration when price decreases compared with when price increases. But at the whole, markets are integrated in long- run and there is no long- run asymmetric price transmission. With attention to the almost competitive structure of pistachio market at retail level, asymmetric price transmission probably arise from inflation, inventory management, adjustment costs and asymmetric information. Thus, ant inflation policies, assembling market information systems and creating stock market help to the symmetric price transmission and more integrated markets.

The main objective of this study is to simulate farmers’s response to the increasing prices of agricultural products policy in the cites of Qazvin province. For this purpose, the corn in city of Alborz and tomatoes in city of Abyek that have high volatility in the market price were studied. To achieve this goal, an economic modeling system consists of the Positive Mathematical Programming and State Wide Agricultural Production Function was used. In following the farmers’s response to the increasing prices of agricultural products policy under the scenarios 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 percent was simulated and created changes in cropping pattern and farmer's gross profit were analyzed. The required data were related to the year 2011-2012 that with referring directly to the relevant organizations in Qazvin province were collected. To solve the model from GAMS software version 23.5 was used. The results showed that with increase in the price of tomatoes and corn, farmers cites of Abyek and Albrz tends to increase the acreage of these crops to achieve the more profits and decreases the acreage of products with lower returns (wheat and water barley). Also, the results showed that under scenarios of 10 to 50 percent, increases the farmer's gross profit of Abyek 4.18 to 20.39 percent with increasing the price of tomato and increases farmer's gross profit of Alborz 3.02 to 19.4 percent with increasing the price of corn. In the end, to effectiveness of the increasing prices of agricultural products policy, the use of supplementation policies in the supply side of inputs and products and also the use of auxiliary policies in the water resources side simultaneously with this police were proposed.

Agricultural research systems in the public sector of developing countries have intered the era of resource scarcity. Therefor financing and support economic policy makers from this research will be required to provide documentary evidence. Without specific and convincing ducumentation of benefits, Agricultural research can not receive sustainable funding supports. This research has been conducted in order to assessment of potencial benefits of breeding research in three agro- climatic zones of Iran. Results while creating awareness can convince and persuade the policymaking and planning system to support agricultural research. In order to condcting this resrch, has been used from economic surplus model that can offer useful and effective outputs from potencial benefits of resrach. Based on findings, most of breeding resrchs have acceptable economoc benefits and can play a fundamental role in increasing production and supply of agricultural products. This finding emphasis on necessary support and funding of agricultural research and its uncernrtainity management in farmers conditionss that apply research technologies.

Fluctuation in food price and its effect on food security and society welfare has led economists to be interested in evaluating factors affecting the food price; Identifying these factors is an appropriate approach to reduce the negative consequences of such a fluctuation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of economic variables on the food price index of oil exporting and importing countries during 2000 to 2013. The monthly data was provided for this period. For this purpose, in this study was used of Panel vector autoregressive models. Regression model coefficients revealed the effect of oil price lags on the food price to be more obvious in exporting countries in comparison to those of importing ones. On the other side, the results of impulse response function showed that food price and interesting rate shocks had a transitory effect, while oil price, fertilizer price and exchange rate shocks had permanent effects on the food price. In addition, the results suggested the food price shocks to consist more than 90% of fluctuation in both exporting and importing countries.

The objective of the study is to measure welfare effects of food price on Iranian urban households within 10 income deciles between 2009 and 2012. Food consumption behavior in Iran is analyzed by estimating a complete food demand system using Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) with considering homogeneity and symmetric conditionsfor 9 major food groups for each income deciles. The elasticity coefficients derived from QUAIDS were used to evaluate the distributional impacts of the relative food price changes in terms of Compensated Variations (CV). Based on our estimates, the food groups of cereals, dairy products, vegetable and pulses, Potables and Spices are necessary goods, as their budget elasticity is positive and below one at the same time. Meat, edible oils, fruits and dried fruits and Sugary products are luxury goods, with income elasticity above one. Results showed that all urban households groups, suffered welfare loses from rise in the food prices during 2009 and 2012. In addition for households in the lower deciles need the greatest relative amount of new income to return to pre-reform consumption levels and, indeed, this amount declines monotonically as household expenditures increase. Also the relative loss of poorest urban households is about threefold than the loss of richest households, which demonstrates the vulnerability of these households to food price increases. Consequently, it is essential that the policy makers support the poor households.

In this study, deficit irrigation strategy as a lasting solution to deal with the effects of climate change in Hamedan- Bahar plain, were examined. For this purpose, at first, the effects of changes in temperature, precipitation and the release of CO2 on cropping pattern in four economic, physiology, hydrology and meteorology dimensions were analyzed. The results indicated that increased levels of carbon dioxide emissions and the climate changes, by reducing yield of agricultural crops and reduce groundwater balance, have negative effects on cropping pattern and in the most pessimistic prediction, reduce the amount of the agricultural value added about 169 billion Rials, reduce the amount of groundwater resources the extent of 11 percent and increase the economic value of water by 21 percent will be followed by 2040 in Hamedan- Bahar plain. However, the mentioned lose will be offset with the policy of 5% optimal deficit irrigation and the use of modern irrigation technologies.

Taham watershed as one of ecotourism attractions and geo- tourism in Zanjan province is an important zone of tourist. Thus, study of recreational value can be effective in predicting needs and shortages and tourism development in the region. The aim of this research is the estimation of recreational value of Taham watershed and measurment of individual’s willingness to pay (WTP) based on contingent valuation method (CVM) and dichotomous choice (DC). Required data were gathered through 181 viditors in the zone. The results showed that annual variables of visit number, education, income, indigenous persons and bid mount are significant and effective factors on WTP. The mean of WTP for recreational value of this rangeland is 6266 Rials for per per visitor and total recreational value of rangeland is annually about 539062303 Rials that visitors that it shows the visitors attention to the recreational resources in the zone.

During recent decades, the importance of environmental issues, all countries are trying to plan properly and using appropriate methods, not only to achieve their economic goals, but also to minimize the environmental damage caused by economic growth. Accomplish this without the knowledge of the relationship between economic activity and environmental pollution and the interplay between them is not possible and the problem for developing countries such as Iran, which is still in the early stages of economic development, has become more important. In this paper, short-run and long-run relationship between energy consumption, carbon dioxide emissions (as an indicator of environmental pollution), using data from 1974-2011 of Iran were studied. To investigate the relationship between the variables, the econometric regression methods Distributed Lag (ARDL) were used. The results showed that carbon dioxide emission relative to environmental degradation and its value in the long-run elastic 2.27. According to the results of variable energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions significant positive and a long-term relationship with environmental degradation. In this case, the increase of energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions further, environmental degradation is more; the comparison results show that short-run and long-term relationships Energy consumption in the short term greater impact on environmental degradation and destruction of carbon dioxide emissions in the long-run have a greater impact on the environment. The results show that the imbalance short term after two terms are moderated.

Due to the high value of sea foods and importance usage of them in individual and social health, the present study was designed to investigate on the effective factors in aquatic consumption in Mashhad. The consumption information of 150 Mashhadian households that collected by random sampling has been used. The results have analyzed using Heckman’s two- stage model and Double- Hurdle model. The results showed that, household population, education level of households’ administrator, number of persons under 10 years old, income, factors related to taste, access to fish, knowledge of methods to preparing and cooking aquatic and health- related factors, are important for household to consumption of aquatic. Due to the results of Double- Hurdle model, Education, income, occupation of households’ administrator, residential area, Factors associated with taste, knowledge of methods to preparing and cooking aquatic and aquatic health, have the significant effects on Action with households to consume aquatic. According to the results and Double- Hurdle model excellence in this study, this method is recommended as an alternative method for use in studies.

In recent years, attitude to energy issue have been changed in Iran. The nonrenewable fossil energy and the other hand a steady rise of prices and implementation plans such as "Targeting subsidies" have been forced governments to turn to new energies collection. Adoption and development of appropriate policies and strategies for investment on renewable energies need to analyse of investment advantages on it according to households' willingness to pay. This paper carried out to valuate the investment’s attributes in the renewable energies using a cross sectional data of 250 households and 4518 observations in 2014 from the Khorasan Razavi province and applying the choice experiment and nested logit model. Nested logit model estimation with socio- economic variables showed that age, house's ownership and having car have positive and significant effect on the level of willingness to pay. Also, decreasing air pollution and increasing of employment is worth more for urban households. They have willingness to pay equal 48033 and 34947 Rials per month to air pollution and employment, respectively. On the other hands, they have not value to landscape impacts and have willingness to pay equivalent1669 Rials per month to it. Regard to results, execution of this study as a complete plan in a periodically (3-4 year) in Iran to study of executed policies about renewable energies has suggested.