Year:2001 | Volume:16 | Issue:2 (32)|Papers Count:13

The purpose of the present paper is first to offer a theoretical framework for social inequality in peripheral countries in order to determine different social classes and strata in Iran. Then, with regard to social, economic and political criteria, classes and their internal classification have been explained for the period after the 1979 revolution. The existing social classes in contemporary Iran are as follow: Capitalists, workers, middle class, independent producers, dependent class, agrarian landlord, share -croppers and tenants. Today, in social class structure of Iran, we face a new phenomenon which is multi- class status and it is difficult to determine a pure class of individuals.

This article, claims that the crisis in our understanding of fertility transition is more apparent than real. Most existing theories of fertility transition have been partially or wholly discredited. This reflects a tendency to assume that all fertility transitions share one or two causes, namely to ignore mortality decline as a precondition for fertility decline, or to assume that pretransitional fertility is wholly governed by social constraints rather than by individual decisionm8king and to test ideas on a decade by decade time scale. The article, finally, attempts to suggest a perceptual, interactive approach to explaining fertility transitions that closely related to the existing theories but focusing on the conditions that lead couples to switch from postnatal to prenatal control on family size.

In the regional studies of developing countries, researchers have pointed out to the different types of urban-rural interaction. The greater spatial disparities may be .the result of larger exploitation of the rural resources by the city or the lack of disparities may show the "Spread process" in the area.This paper studies urban -rural interaction in the "Iranshahr "area of Sistan & Baluchestan Province and tests the following hypothesis: "The pattern of urban -rural interaction in this area is not in line with the two patterns stated above."This article, after reviewing the previous studies has analyzed the collected data according to spatial linkage analysis using some related models. The results show that the rural life based on the agricultural activity has not sufficient- dynamism-and precedence. The incomes of oil exporting have not been invested in the area because of peripheral situation. Therefore, the urban -rural interaction here is different from the two patterns above. In the existing pattern the" process of spread" cannot occur without the government's direct intervention.

The purpose of this study was to investigate nutritional culture of women in the city of Shiraz. In this study, data were collected from 499 women in ages above 15 years. Findings showed that a number of women are familiar with the best styles of food preparation and consumption, but they practically don't use them. In general, the availability of food is an important factor in the determination of food basket of households.

The purpose of the present article was to survey the effect of social, economic, demographic and subjective factors on men's attitude toward women's role in Shiraz. After reviewing local and international literature while considering feminist, functional and interaction theories, a synthesized theoretical framework with regard to Randall Collins' theory was formulated. Based on that, an empirical model with the effect of 12 independent variables on a dependent variable (men's attitude) was formed. The research methodology was a survey. The population under consideration was 700 eighteen years and older, single and married males all residents of Shiraz selected randomly. In this study twelve hypotheses have been tested. The results are as follows: the occupational status, social class, level of education, educational difference, expectation of an outcome and evaluation of outcome variables are found to be significantly associated with the men's attitude toward women's role. However, the influence of age, age difference, income, occupational status difference, marital status and household size variables was not significant.

Scientific research is a systematic activity based on a specific theory and related to an appropriate methodology to respond to the questions that comes mind. There are three elements of methodology, theory and method in each research and systematic relations among them supports the validity of the scientific. Every restriction in the validity of the research reflects inconsistency between subjective and objective levels.Mass media as a subset of social relation have specific functions in the society. The positive function of the media in relation to other social institutions can support structural authority in the process of social development. To optimize the function of the media active adaptation of the reality for achieving the aims of the system is needed.The aims of this article are to survey the dominant methodologies in media research and to evaluate quantitative and qualitative approaches. The restrictions of cultural researches and the logical supports of qualitative methods are reviewed. Application of scientific methods in research restricts the effects of bias in designing the function of media and normalizing the media activities with high validity.

The main objectives of the present study were: 1) to investigate the reliability and the validity of the Student-life Stress Inventory in Iranian culture, 2) to identify stressors in university students, 3)to determine students reactions to stressors, and 4) to examine sex differences in stressors and reactions to stressors. In this study 551 students from four universities in the cities of Shiraz and Marvdasht, completed the Gadzella's Student-life Stress Inventory. To determine the reliability, Cronbach's coefficient alpha was calculated and the obtained coefficient for the total scale was 92. The correlations among Gadzella's inventory, Beck Depression Inventory and Taylor's Anxiety Scale were all statistically significant at 001. These correlation coefficients were interpreted as criteria of the validity of the inventory for use in Iran. In this study sex differences in some type of stressors and reactions to them were also observed. Furthermore, the relationship between subjects' scores and variables such as father's education, mother's education, father's occupation and working mothers vs. non- working mothers were also verified.

This study deals with the effective factors on the political culture of the residents of Shiraz who are over 20 years old. In this research, the theories of Parsons, Almond and Verba were used as theoretical frameworks. The data were collected by a questionnaire from a sample of S2S individuals over 20 years old during June, 2000 (Khordad,1379). The independent variables were: Education, place of residence, job status, influence on family decision, social discussions at school, participation in decision making at work, the rate of political discussions, age, gender and marital status. The dependent variable is political culture which according to Parsons and Almond Theory, is divided into three orientations: 1- Cognitive Orientation, 2- Affective Orientation, and 3- Evaluative Orientation. The independent variables were selectively tested on the triple orientation. The results showed that the majority of the variables have significant relationships with the dependent variable, and their political culture is a dependent one.

In this paper, the delinquent behavior of high school students in the old and new educational systems in city of Shiraz was studied and compared with each other. Socialization factors, such as family, school, and peer groups were dealt with and the effects of these factors on the students delinquent behavior were tested. The school programs of the old and the new educational systems were compared with each other in terms of the role of these programs in the control of students, social order and their attitudes towards delinquent behavior. In this study, Social Control Theory as a theoretical framework was used. This theory attributes delinquent behavior to youths who come from all social classes and assigns such behavior to weak functions of primary social institutions, such as family and school. In this study, a quantitative methodology was used in survey form. About 650 students were selected from the old and the new systems in high schools in the four areas of Shiraz and classified random sampling was employed. The data demonstrated that the percentage of delinquency among new system students was more than old system students. In addition, on the basis of findings, there was a significant correlation between students delinquent behavior and factors such as birth place, sex, academic achievement, using western cultural productions, and the special manner of leisure time.