JOURNAL OF ISFAHAN DENTAL SCHOOL
Year:2014 | Volume:10 | Issue:5|Papers Count:12

Introduction: Despite dentists’ awareness about the priority of preserving natural tissues over replacement of lost teeth, there is fear that treatment plan sequences might not be properly followed, resulting in treatment failure and the relevant complications. The aim of this study was radiographic evaluation of implant fixture errors in patients referring to the Radiology Center of Isfahan Faculty of Dentistry.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, convenience sampling method was used to select 70 samples of panoramic radiographs, from 51 dentate individuals and 19 edentulous patients with implant fixture, referring to the Radiology Department of Isfahan Faculty of Dentistry. Oral health needs revealed by the panoramic radiographs, requiring treatment before implant placement, were determined for each patient by an oral and maxillofacial radiologist and their prevalence was reported. In addition, the implant site was investigated in terms of its relationship with adjacent structures. To analyze data, descriptive statistical methods were used.Results: In 48% of cases, there was inadequate distance between the posterior implants and the maxillary sinus. In addition, there was inadequate distance between the fixed implant and the adjacent tooth and the mandibular canal in 17% and 11% of patients, respectively. Among the 51 dentate patients with dental implants, the most prevalent error in therapeutic procedures was tooth decay with a frequency of 62.7%, followed by periapical lesions with a prevalence of 41.2%.Conclusion: Under the limitations of the present study, errors are common in implant treatment procedures, and further training is recommended to improve the quality of services.

Introduction: Dental caries is one of the most common diseases all over the world. Several bacteria are involved in this process; one of them is lactobacillus spices. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Mentha spicata essential oil on three spices of Lactobacillus, including Lactobacillus casei (PTCC 1608), Lactobacillus plantarum (PTCC 1058) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus (PTCC 1637).Materials and Methods: In this in vitro cohort study Mentha spicata essential oil was extracted using a Clevenger type apparatus with hydro distillation method. Gas chromatography (GC) in association with GC/MS (mass spectrophotometry) analysis was performed. Disk diffusion and dilution of well methods were used to evaluate the antibacterial effect of the extract. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests, using SPSS 20 (a=0.05).Results: Mentha spicata essential oil was affected all the three bacterial species. MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) for all the three species was 222.5 mg/mL. MBCs (minimum bactericidal concentrations) for 1608 and 1058 species and 1637 species were 445 mg/mL and 890 mg/mL, respectively. At concentrations less than 890 mg/mL, no significant differences were observed in inhibition zones between the three species (p value<0.001).Conclusion: Under the limitations of the present study, Mentha spicata extract had antibacterial properties on oral pathogens. Further studies are recommended in this respect.

Introduction: Use of an adhesive with a suitable composite resin is an important factor in tooth-colored restorations and increasing marginal sealing ability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microleakage of various adhesives with composite resins using fluid filtration and dye extraction techniques and assessment of the correlation between these two techniques.Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, class II cavities were prepared on the proximal surfaces of 48 extracted sound human premolar teeth, measuring 1.5±0.5 mm in gingival width, 4 mm in occluso-gingival height and 1.3 of the inter-cuspal distance in width. The samples were divided into four groups (n=12). Group 1; OptiBond Solo Plus adhesive/Herculite XRV composite resin; Group 2: OptiBond Solo Plus adhesive/Master Dent composite resin; Group 3: Prime & Bond NT adhesive/Herculite XRV composite resin; Group 4: Prime & Bond NT adhesive/Master Dent composite resin. Microleakage was assessed primarily by fluid filtration and then by dye extraction techniques. Data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests, with Bonferroni correction and Spearman's rho correlation test at 95% confidence interval.Results: The minimum and maximum mean microleakage values were recorded in fluid filtration and dye extraction techniques groups 1 and 4, respectively. There were significant differences between the experimental groups in microleakage with the two methods of leakage assessment (p value=0.001). Spearman's rho revealed a strongly direct correlation between the two methods (r=0.797, p value=0.000).Conclusion: In both methods of microleakage assessment, use of ethanol-based in comparison to acetone-based adhesive resulted in microleakage reduction. Application of light-cured composite resin contrary to self-cured composite resin with both types of adhesives increased marginal sealing ability.

Introduction: Lichenoid reactions are a group of chronic inflammatory lesions of the oral mucous with various etiologic factors, including immune disorders, stress, anxiety, etc. Vitamin B12 and folic acid improve the host immune mechanisms and are effective in preventing anxiety and depression. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum levels of vitamin B12 and folic acid in patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) and contact - drug oral lichenoid reactions (OLR) in comparison with normal controls.Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical/cross-sectional study, 21 OLP (mean age of 46.84±8.59), 38 OLR patients (mean age of 49.18±13.34) and 30 normal controls (mean age of 39.86±6.99 years) were compared and the serum levels of vitamin B12 and folic acid were measured by Elecsys device using electrochemiluminescense method. Then the results were statistically analyzed with SPSS 16 using Kruskal-Wallis test (a=0.05).Results: The groups exhibited no significant differences in the serum levels of vitamin B12 and folic acid. For vitamin B12 variable p-value was 0.099 whereas this value for folic acid was 0.095.Conclusion: Under the limitations of this study the serum levels of vitamin B12 and folic acid exhibited no significant differences between patients with lichen planus and lichenoid reactions and healthy individuals.

Introduction: Osteoporosis and periodontal diseases are both multifactorial and are mostly associated with aging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between osteoporosis and periodontal diseases.Materials and Methods: In this analytical/cross-sectional study, periodontal examinations were carried out on 98 women who had undergone bone mass densitometry. Of these cases, considering the inclusion criteria, 75 women were selected and assigned to three groups of the same age average. Periodontal examinations consisted of the number of lost teeth, probing depth, gingival recession, clinical attachment loss, plaque index and gingival index. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation coefficient (a=0.05).Results: CAL mean in osteoporotic group in comparison to the other groups (p value=0.004) and gingival recession (GR) mean in osteoporotic and osteopenic groups compared to the normal group (p value=0.001) were significantly higher value. However, plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI), probing depth and the number of remaining teeth did not exhibit significant differences between the groups (p value>0.05). There was a direct and positive correlation between age and GI (p value=0.001), PI (p value=0.03) and GR (p value=0.01); however, age did not exhibit a significant correlation with PD and CAL (p value>0.05). GI had a positive and significant correlation with PI (p value=0.00002) and PD (p value=0.00003) but did not have a significant correlation with GR and CAL (p value>0.05). PI had a positive and significant correlation with GR (p value=0.01) and PD (p value=0.005), with no significant correlation with CAL (p value>0.05).Conclusion: Under the limitations of the present study, the relationship between clinical attachment loss and a decrease in bone density might indicate that osteoporosis might be considered a potential risk factor for periodontal diseases. However, Further studies are recommended.

Introduction: Raising knowledge about skeletal and soft tissue changes with aging has been highly essential due to an increasing demand for esthetic facial surgery due to aging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the three-dimensional computed tomography images to assess changes in the orbit with aging.Materials and Methods: In this analytical-descriptive study facial bone computed tomography (CT) scans were obtained from 66 subjects (33 females, 33 males). The subjects consisted of 11 males and 11 females in each of the three age categories: 20-40, 41-60 and over 60. Each CT image was reinforced by using the Volume Viewer three-dimensional analysis software program. Linear measurements were carried out using Workstation GE 403 software program. Orbital aperture width was measured as a line drawn from the posterior lacrimal crest to the fronto-zygomatic suture. This line was then used as the x-axis from which the distances to the superior and inferior orbital rim at nine equal increments (labeled 1 to 9) were obtained. The height of the orbit was measured at 10 locations. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc LSD tests (a=0.05).Results: In both genders there were significant changes in the orbital width (p value<0.001) with aging. There was an increase in the height of superior orbital rim in both genders (p value<0.05), except for location 8, i.e. the most lateral point, in males (p value=0.3). In addition, there was an increase in the height of the inferior orbital rim in both genders (p value<0.05), except for location 1 (the most medial point) in males (p value=0.2), suggesting that the inferior and superior orbital rims receded with age.Conclusion: Under the limitations of the present study, recession takes place in the width and height of the orbit with advancing age in both males and females. Knowledge about these senile changes might prove useful in esthetic surgeries, facial reconstructions and reconstruction of facial changes.

Introduction: Dental trauma and how to control and treat it are essential discussions in dentistry. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge of Isfahan dentists about etiology, prevention and treatment of dental trauma.Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 200 Isfahani dentists were selected using simple random sampling technique. A questionnaire was designed by two specialists in community dentistry to collect data on the knowledge of dentists about etiology, prevention and treatment of dental trauma. The questionnaire was confirmed by endodontists and pedodontists. The questionnaire was distributed among dentists to evaluate its validity and reliability. A total of 182 questionnaires completed by 82 female (with a mean age of 32 years) and 100 male (with a mean age of 35 years) dentists were included and evaluated in the study. Data were analyzed with SPSS 20, using descriptive statistical tests and t-test (a=0.05).Results: Of the 182 participants, 86 reported dealing with trauma cases. The mean score of the participants in relation to etiology was 1.45±0.65, with only 1.9% of participants responding to all the questions on etiology. The mean score of the participants in relation to prevention was 4.53±0.20, and the mean score of the participants in relation to treatment was 8.55±0.17. There were no significant differences between male and female dentists in the etiology (p value=0.829), prevention (p value=0.65) and treatment (p value=0.58) scores.Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, Isfahani dentists’ knowledge about the etiology, prevention and common treatment modalities for dental trauma is acceptable.

Introduction: Differential diagnosis and understanding the nature of lesions are effective in the treatment process and help reach a final diagnosis of pathological lesions. In this regard, 24-year data of Isfahan Dental School patients’ (1988 to 2011) were assessed and the concordance between clinical and histopathological diagnoses of oral hard tissue lesions was evaluated.Materials and Methods: In this descriptive/analytical study, 2745 hard tissue pathology reports were reviewed. The frequencies of concordance between clinical and histopathological diagnoses, age, gender, locations of lesions, radiographic views, and benign and malignant nature of the lesions were reported. Data were analyzed with SPSS 20 using Kruskal-Wallis and chi-squared (a=0.05).Results: In 57% of cases the histopathological diagnosis was consistent with the first clinical diagnosis while in 5.7% of cases histopathological diagnosis was consistent with the second clinical diagnosis. In addition, concordance between clinical and histopathological diagnoses was mostly observed in the hard palate lesions (81.2%) and in benign lesions (63%). There was no clear correlation between the age and sex of the patients and diagnosis concordance. The most significant radiological change observed was periapical radiolucency (13.6%) while the least sign noted was the absence of radiologic changes (1%<). Solitary well-defined radiolucent lesions exhibited the most accurate diagnosis (69.9%).Conclusion: In this study, almost half of the investigated records had no clinical diagnosis while one-third of the records with clinical diagnosis suffered from lack of concordance between clinical and histopathological diagnosis, indicating clinicians’ lack of knowledge about the importance of clinical and radiological surveys. As a consequence, this study suggests more comprehensive educational programs for students and continuous education programs to enhance the clinicians’ understanding about the importance of diagnosis of oral diseases, especially in osseous lesions.

Introduction: After cleaning and shaping of the root canal, to prevent recontamination and to ensure the success of root canal therapy, it is necessary to fill root canal space. Studies, so far, have not been able to identify a specific method as the best method of obturation. The present study was an attempt to introduce and compare different root canal obturation techniques.Materials and Methods: In this review, using specific key words such as root canal obturation, root canal filling materials and gutta-percha, search was run in Pubmed, Cochrane and ISI Web of Science databases for high-quality articles published from 1960 to 2013.Results: There are several methods to obturate the root canal system, designed based on the use of plastic materials, injectable materials, single cones, or compaction of gutta-percha. A brief review of each technique and its advantages and disadvantages were discussed. The reasons for choosing the cold lateral compaction technique as a frequently used and the selected technique by many dentists as well as academic centers were explained.Conclusion: Considering the advantages and disadvantages and long-term outcomes of root canal obturation techniques, it seems cold lateral compaction is the selected root canal filling technique in the majority of cases.

Introduction: Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is an epithelial-derived odontogenic cyst. WHO classified OKC as an odontogenic keratocyst tumor (KCOT) due to its neoplastic nature. OKC is the third most common jaw cyst, usually with no clinical symptoms. Due to its high recurrence rate, correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan are essential.Case presentation: This report presents three KCOT cases with bony expansion and relatively variable clinical findings.Conclusion: The most significant lesions in the differential diagnosis of OKC are dentigerous cysts, odontogenic myxoma, ameloblastoma and simple bone cyst. Due to differences in the treatment plans of these lesions, and since they are treated in a more limited manner, exact evaluation of these lesions from clinical, radiographic and histopathologic viewpoints is very important, with significant effects on the therapeutic procedure and recurrence of the lesion.