PEYKE NOOR JOURNAL
Year:2005 | Volume:3 | Issue:3 (MANAGEMENT)|Papers Count:16

In 90s most governments, in responding to various problems adopted New Government Management (NGM) which is known as Managerialism or NGM, and today our country is going in this direction too.Probably one of the most fundamental reasons for this trend was inefficiency of traditional model of managing the state of affairs.Therefore, the governments questioned the fundamental principles of traditioal model and instead of employing an omniscientist manager, they decided to invite economic and management specialists. Moreover, to decrease the costs, they eliminated the borders between public and private activities and changed the work environments of government organizations radically.In this period, because of not having adequate actual income, the government had to maintain the public services in their previous levels. In these circumstances, the only way was to improve productivities. When it was known practically that bureaucratic structures of government couldn’t meet the needs, it wasn’t surprising that politic makers and statesmen raised the following questions: Why government employees have life long contracts and others not? Why not the government employees have short term contracts like other staff? Why don’t we have strict and concrete evaluations in public sectors? Why not governments interact with people, just like markets? These questions and the likes shook the pillars of traditional government management and founded the new managerialism.

Social capital has been used as the “lost ring” to explain the reason of development of some communities and the reason for why the others are not blossomed. In Persian language, the word “social” originates from the words “friend” and “comrade” and it has, principally, originated from friendship. This indicates that the available resources worldwide, are not accounted for as private assets, unless through the function of business and individual networks. On this account, social capital has been studied both at the social level and at the organizational one. Organizational social capital is one of the resources initiated from the inter-organizational social relationships and is distinguished on the basis of the orientation of social ends and mutual confidence amongst the organization members. It has two components: the possibility of participation and confidence. Gathering unofficial groups of employees to participate in their knowledge and skills is a method of producing social organizational capital. Individuals with common experiences, professional tools and common challenges in such groups (i.e., professional groups) would be able to find each other and meet each other to solve their problems and communicate with the people who have mutual business interests.

In distance education, the instruction focus changes from instructor and test content to learner. This change, apparently should influence the organizational commitment of scientific members. In this paper, using Allen and Meyer triple organizational commitment model(1997), that includes affective, duty and continuous commitments, we have studied the organizational  commitment of Payame Noor scientific members. The results show that, in spite of the change of instruction focus to learner, as noted above, the scientific members still feel commitment to their jobs, even though there are some considerations here.

Since different economical, social and political activities yield different mutual related impacts, without a definite strategy including all these activities , which can harmonize all of them, it would be impossible to conduct the process of development in a uniform, consistent system. This process implies a systematic pervasive development. Technology as a systematic totality derived from science for practical applications, consists from four components as following:The hardware content of technology, which includes machinery and equipments; its human content, which includes skills, intuitions and experiences; its data content, which includes methods and instructions; and its organizational content, which includes management and administrative methods for handling organizations and structures. In the process of technology transfer, the financial factor should also be taken into account. Hence, technology not only brings about changes, but also is a response to the changes in a developing community. The main features of appropriate form of technology and the chief goals of technology management in sustainable development and its necessity are also explained and analyzed in this paper.

New information technologies, such as broadband networks, mobile communication, and the internet are well–known, but their capacities in changing businesses, organizations and industries aren’t fully realized. Knowing how and when to apply these technologies is key to any success for every organization. To help choose the best strategy, the organizations and companies have to pay complete attention to the follwing then specific drivers. These ten drivers are: 1. information compactness2. orderable construction3. electronically deliverable4. Integration5. inquiry costs6. real-time interface7. contracting risk8. network effects9. standardization advantages10. missing competencies

The increasing destruction of the environment as a direct consequence of poverty is  a serious threat to the lives of millions of peoples worldwide, and this trend cannot be permitted to continue. Environmental geology is one of the possible approaches by which this trend could be investigated. For this reason, the German government has, for the first time, studied a number of cooperative technical projects, from a new prospective. This new prospective is environmental geology, which is based on  environmental programs and plans adapted to the management of natural resources and can help preservation of the environment. The direct relationship between poverty and the destruction of environment has moved the focus to the environmental geology plans, which are based on cooperative programs and in which poverty is counteracted with systematic strategies.

In contemporary modern business environments, management has turned into one of the controversial issues among the academic researchers and administrative authorities. The awareness of many organizations about management development activities in their attempt to promote the competitive advantages of their business is on the increase. By developing the competencies of their current and potential future managers, these organizations are to promote their competitive capabilities in the business environment.In this paper, first we would explain the concept, goals and the modern typology of management development, and then we would attempt to study and discuss about the competencies, activities, strategies and approaches to the management development.

Epistemology is a branch of philosophy and is primarily concerned with understanding the routes, contexts, nature and, especially, the credibility of science.  It’s aimed at providing knowledge to assess the science.Organizational epistemology studies the nature and the origins of organizational knowledge and the knowledge related to the origins of structures, methods and credibility of science and organizational epistemology itself. To study these phenomena from an epistemological viewpoint, five contexts concerning the cognition topic, cognition tools, cognition source, cognition method and the credibility of cognition should be studied from two standpoints of subjective and objective (or abstract and concrete).The question that “are the nature and existence of the universe, organization and various phenomena objective or they are subjective?” has led to shaping of two schools of objectivism and subjectivism in epistemology. Following these two schools, two different viewpoints in organizational epistemology have been created which are named cognitive and relative organizational epistemologies.In cognitive epistemology, various phenomena are considered to have subjective existence, while in relative epistemology they have objective existence and the relations between them are discovered and studied, with the aid of learning rules. The application of cognitive epistemology in organizational and management theories has led to an era in which the organizations are viewed as strategic planning tools, predicting tools and the solutions of different problems.Relative epistemology has led to creation of a series of concepts such as developing systems, network strategies, social entities and self-organizing … in organizational and management theories.

Paying attention to overall quality of service giving institutes and especially universities is not only important, but also is vital. Hence, Payame Noor University should be constantly assessing the quality level of the educational services it provides through the distribution of questionnaire among its costumers (i.e. its students).The periodical service quality assessment could have an effective role in defining the level of the services provided by the service giving institutes, especially the universities, and could have a major role in improving the quality of these services.In this research article, use has been made of a global credible model by the name of “service quality indicator” or “SERVQUAL” to assess the level of educational services quality from the students’ viewpoints. This model was first designed by Parasoramen and his colleagues in 1988 and has been used by many service giving institutes all over the world ever since.The current research falls into the category of descriptive research and, with regard to method of data gathering, is considered to be a survey research. The aforementioned model after being adapted to include the following criteria has been used to analyze the viewpoints of the bachelor students from a number of selected centers in district No.10. These criteria are as follows: 1) Validity and reliability 2) Responsiveness 3) Empathy4) Assurance 5) formal (Tangible) factors.The Alpha method of Cruenbach was deployed to calculate the reliability coefficients of the indices under investigation in this survey, which yielded the result of 86.5%, indicating the reliability of the questionnaire. In addition, in order to further promote the validity of the questionnaire, with regard to the quality assessment indices in Payame Noor university distant education services, a number of experts have been consulted in this field. The set of the concluded results is an indication to the validity of the questions presented in the questionnaire. In the end, through statistical analysis, a set of suggestions for promoting the quality of educational services has been presented.

Up to few previous decades, the products delivered and the services done by organizations, instead of being in agreement with clients needs, were the result of the designers of that organization; in other words, often the clients roles were being only a good consumer and the designer played the roles of client in the process of producing the products. However, with new creative markets, disintegration of trade borders and globalising the economy, this picture has changed, and finally the clients expectation and requirement levels resulted in paying much more attention to their needs.These new challenges are serious threat for those organizations which try to use the old rules and are golden opportunities for those which are flexible and pay attention to variable needs of clients.In this paper we will study the mechanisms which are necessary and critical for quantitative and qualitative development of distance education in twenty – first century, and the applications of Quality Function Development (QFD) in higher education.

Various Islamic economic aspects are completely different from the western’s ones. English-American accounting techniques can not be applied in Islamic econonic readily and therefore, world accounting standards, based on these techniques, will result in a lot of difficulties for Muslims worldwide. So it is necessary for Muslim accountants to develop their specific standards to meet their appropriate Islamic needs.

The Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995, identified the major critical areas of concern requiring action by governments and the international community and stressed the need to promote women status in those major areas. Ten years after Beijing Conference, still there is a large gap between what women actually obtained and what was written in Beijing Platform for Action. Still there are very important issues that have not been dealt properly. It is widely recognized that in order for the world to be able to obtain development, it is fundamental for all citizens to participate in development process and this is only possible with the full involvement of women in the development process. This means that women’s issues must be given priority in national and international arena. This article will discuss four important issues that deserve prior attention and adequate action for women development:Globalization and womenViolence against women Trafficking of womenGender digital divide