JOURNAL OF APPLIED EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY (JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCE)
Year:2019 | Volume:14 | Issue:28 |Papers Count:26

Background & Purpose: The aim of this study was to survey the validity of the modified Conconi running test for determining of the maximal lactate steady state in young male athletes. Methodology: 11 young wrestler men were selected (Mean ± SD Age 19. 01 ± 1. 3 yrs., Height 176. 64 ± 3. 54 cm, BMI: 23. 7 ± 4. 0 kg/m2, VO2max: 51. 08 ± 3. 67 ml/kg/min) and incremental exercise tests in two sessions with an interval of 48 hours {1-accordance to conconi modified protocol (slope: 1. 5%, began speed: 3 km/h, increasing the speed of one Km per 60 sec) 2. criterion test: Increasing up MLSS }performed on a treadmill. The HRDP was determined by the S. Dmax model. Bland-Altman graphical model and Interclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) statistical tests were used to evaluate the absolute agreement of the methods. Results: The results indicated high agreement between HRDP and HR of the criterion method (HRMLSS) (± 1. 96; 95% CI=-2. 4 to +7. 7 b/min; ICC= 0. 81). Moreover, high agreement was observed between speed at HRDP (SpeedHRDP) and speed of the criterion method (SpeedMLSS) (± 1. 96; 95% CI=-0. 57 to +0. 95 km/h; ICC= 0. 83). Conclusion: The HR and velocity at the deflection point determined by the modified Conconi running test could predict the HRMLSS and speedMLSS. It seems that this test could be a good alternative to more invasive method to determine the anaerobic threshold test as a simple, noninvasive short for the prescribed exercise intensity in athletes used.

Background and purpose: children obesity can leads to cardiovascular disease and impairment in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis. the aim of this study was the effect of resistance training on blood coagulation and fibrinolysis factors in children. Methods: Thirty obese children (8-12 yr) voluntary participated in this study and Based on anthropometrical characteristic and body composition were divided homogenously randomly into control and training groups. The resistance training consists of ten weeks (3 times per week) with the intensity of 50-60% 1-repetition maximum. Blood samples were taken before and 48 hours after training period and were used for measurement of variables. Data was analyzed with SPSS software and ANOVA repeated measure. Results: the results showed that levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor‐ 1)PAI-1(, tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), Von Willebrand-factor (vWF), D-daimer, fibrinogen, interlokine-6 and body fat percentage were significantly decreased in response to the resistance training in the training group compared to the control group (P0. 05). furthermore, in the post-test, the resistance training causes reduction in body fat percentage, D-dimer, vWF, fibrinogen and IL-6 levels, PAI-1 and t-PA compared to the pre-test (P Conclusion: the results suggested that the moderate resistance training with reducing blood coagulation factors and inflammatory factor maybe causes reduction in incidence of atherosclerosis in obese children, and can be used as proper training protocol for health maintain in obese children.

Background & Purpose: Foot orthoses are often used to correct altered gait patterns. The purpose of this study was to investigate how foot orthoses can modify the magnitude of three dimensional ankle, knee, and hip joints kinematics during stance phase of walking in children with flexible flat feet. Methodology: Three dimensional kinematic data were collected from 15 male children (age: 10. 3 ± 1. 5 years) suffering from flexible flat feet. In order to obtain the kinematics data, a Vicon motion capture system was used. Arch support foot orthoses were used as an intervention. ANOVA repeated measure test was used for statistical analysis (α =0. 05). Results: The results of data analysis showed that shoe insole can decrease the peak knee (P0. 05). Conclusion: The foot orthoses used in this study were observed to have positive systematic effects on kinematic data during stance phase of walking. Therefore, using of this orthoses was recommended for male children with flexible flat feet. Moreover, the findings of this study may be used as a guidance for future researches in this field.

Introduction: In the last decade particular attention has been paid to the proximal part of the kinetic chain in purpose of improving performance and preventing sports injuries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of proximal stability training on dynamic postural control in male parkourers. Methods: 30 men Professional Parkourers in Alborz province were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned into the experimental group (age=21. 07± 2. 46, height=175. 10± 5. 35, mass=67. 33± 9. 27) and control group (age=20. 20± 2. 31, height=175. 93± 4. 65, mass=67. 33± 8. 45) in this semi-experimental study. The experimental group took eight weeks of proximal stability training. The protocol was performed three times per week while the control group performed their routine training. Dynamic postural stability was evaluated using the anterior/posterior and medial/lateral time to stabilization during single-leg jump landing by force plate, Single-leg Triple Hop and Y balance tests before and after training. Covariance analysis was used to analyze the data. Findings: The results of covariance showed a significant difference between experimental and control groups in the mean scores of Single-leg Triple Hop in either dominant (P=0. 000) and non-dominant limbs (P=0. 002), Y balance in either dominant (P=0. 00) and non-dominant limbs (P=0. 00), and time to stabilization in medial-lateral (P=0. 001), and anterior-posterior (P=0. 001). Discussion and Conclusion: Given the nature of the parkour sport and the need for postural control at high levels, it is recommended that these athletes use proximal stability exercises to improve postural control and ultimately improve their overall performance in parkour.

Background & purpose: Comparison of the effects of three training programs of stretch resistance, elastic resistance and plyometric resistance on muscle function and body composition in male bodybuilders. Methodology: Thirty male bodybuliders (mean age: 22. 35± 0. 6 years, weight: 78. 87± 5. 55 kg, height: 175. 54± 6. 06 cm and body fat percentage: 15. 7± 3. 8) were randomly divided into three groups of plyometric resistance, elastic resistance and stretch resistance. Training programs were performed for six weeks (three times weekly). Before and after the training programs the muscular endurance test of the upper and lower extremities, muscle volume of the upper and lower extremities, upper and lower extremities muscle power, the muscle strength of upper and lower extremities, flexibility of the upper and lower extremities and body fat percentage. Data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, one-way analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis, dependent t-test and Wilcoxon at the significant level P≤ 0. 05. Results: The results showed that plyometric resistance training increase significantly the muscular endurance indices of the lower extremity, upper and lower extremities volume, and lower ectremity strength compared with the resistance stretching and elastic resistance training programs. The elastic resistance training increased significantly the upper extremity indurance compared with the resistsnce stretching and resistance plyometric programs. Furthermore, there was no significant difference among the three programs in the upper and lower extremities power indices, upper extremity strength, body fat percentage, and flexibility of the upper and lower extremities. Conclusion: Male bodybuliders can improve their muscular functions and body composition using plyometric resistance training.

Background & Purpose: Walking requires optimal coordination variability among multiple joints. Little is known about the effects of foot orthoses on lower limb intra-joint coordination variability during walking in children with flexible flat foot. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immediate effects of foot orthoses on lower limb intra joint coordination variability in children with flexible flat foot during walking. Methodology: Fifteen male children with flexible flat foot volunteered to participate in this study. Kinematic data during walking with and without foot orthoses was recorded by a motion analysis system (including 4 Vicon cameras). Then, three-dimensional coordination variability between ankle-knee, ankle-hip, and knee-hip joints were calculated. Results: The value of sagittal ankle-knee coordination variability during mid-stance was reduced in walking with foot orthoses compared to walking without it(P=0. 011). While the value of ankle-knee coordination variability in both frontal(P=0. 023) and horizontal(P=0. 001) planes in walking with foot orthoses were higher than that in walking without it. The value of frontal knee-hip coordination variability during loading response phase (P=0. 015) and the magnitude of frontal knee-hip coordination variability during push off phase (P=0. 010) decreased in walking with foot orthoses compared to walking without it. Average horizontal knee-hip coordination variability during push off phase increased in walking with foot orthoses compared to walking without it(P=0. 000). Conclusion: Using foot orthoses could decrease coordination variability values between ankle-knee and ankle-hip joints in sagittal and frontal planes, respectively. Our results demonstrated that the effects of foot orthoses on coordination variability were highest in frontal plane.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of core stability training on some of the spatio-temporal factors of front-crawl and upper quarter functional stability in deaf elite swimmers. Materials and Methods: In this RCT study, which was a semi-experimental with pre and post-test research design along with experimental and control group; 28 deaf male swimmers who had participated in tournament preparation camp as research samples were divided into fourteen members two groups; experimental (20. 92 ± 2. 94 Y) and control (20. 25 ± 3. 41 Y). The experimental group, in addition to continuous swimming exercises, performed six weeks of core stability training program. For measuring of spatio-temporal variables of the front-crawl was used specialized high speed camera (250fp) and for evaluating of upper quarter functional stability was used YBT-UQ test. After checking the normal distribution of the results with shapiro-wilk, ANCOVA test was used to investigate the effect of core stability training program on variables in pre and post-test. Results: Base of ANCOVA, there was significant difference between result of pre and post-test on record time of 50m sprint front-crawl, swimmer speed, stroke length, stroke index and dominant hand YBT-UQ test, however no significant difference was observed in stroke rate, stroke time and non-dominant hand YBT-UQ test. Conclusion: Base on the result of this study; core stability trainings have been able to improve swimmers performance and upper quarter functional stability. Therefore, it is recommended that swim coaches use combination of core stability trainings in a swimming practice program.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of 4 weeks of moderate intensity continuous aerobic training on plasma soluble LRP1 levels and brain amyloid beta level in rats with Alzheimer's disease induced by Aβ 1-42 injection. 48 rats with 8 weeks age were randomly divided into 3 groups: AD, AD + exercise, and control group. Alzheimer's disease induction did by intrahippocampal Aβ 1-42 injection. The AD + Aβ 1-42 injection group experienced a moderate-intensity continuous aerobic training for 4 weeks after 3 days of recovery. 48 hours after the last training session, blood samples were taken from rats and then sacrificed. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the groups differences. Brain and plasma Aβ 1-42 levels were significantly lower in the AD + exercise group than AD group (P≤ 0. 01). Plasma soluble LRP1 level were significantly higher in the AD + exercise group than in the AD group and in the control group (P < 0. 001). The present study showed that induction of Alzheimer's disease leads to increased levels of Aβ in the brain and plasma. Also, plasma level of soluble LRP1 also provide a compensatory increase. However, moderate-intensity exercise can reduce levels of neurotoxicity in the brain by increasing plasma levels of LRP1 and peripheral clearance of Aβ levels.

Background and aims: irisin is a new myokine that exerts its positive effects via increasing energy expenditure. However, irisin response to resistance exercise and its related training variables has been less discussed. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different rest interval between sets of resistance exercise on serum irisin and blood lactate levels in obese male children. Materials and methods: Twelve obese male children (26. 83± 3. 93 years) participated in the study. On 3 separate sessions of a resistance exercise protocol; subjects were randomly assigned to rest intervals of 60 seconds, 120 seconds, or 240 seconds between sets. Blood samples were collected before and immediately after exercise at each session. Statistical tests of paired t, ANOVA and Pearson’ s correlation coefficient were used for data analysis. Results: A significant increase was observed in the serum irisin and blood lactate immediately after three resistance exercise protocol; Also, there was significant difference in study variables in three resistance exercise protocol. Based on Turkey’ s follow-up test increased serum irisin concentration and lactate at rest intervals of 60 seconds were significantly higher than rest intervals of 120 and 240 seconds; also, the increase of serum irisin concentration and lactate rest intervals of 120 seconds was significantly higher than of 240 seconds. Conclusion: In resistance training with low resting intervals more lactate will accumulate that may be one of the possible mechanisms of increment in irisin secretion after resistance activities with low resting intervals.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of eight day α-Lipoic Acid (ALA) supplementation before intensive eccentric exercise on some selected markers of Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS). Method & Materials: Ten healthy young males voluntarily participated in a double-blind randomized-controlled crossover trial to estimate the effects of 8day ALA oral supplementation (600mg/day) (A group) versus placebo (600mg/day glucose) (P group) following an unaccustomed heavy eccentric exercise. Measurements were made at baseline, 8days after supplementation, immediately, 24, 48, and 72 hours after exercise comprising: (a) TAC (b) CK (c) limb pain (1– 10 cm visual analogue scale; VAS), (d) edema of both thighs, and (e) ROM of both knees. Results: TAC increased 8days after supplementation in A group compared with P group (p0. 05). Limb pain was significantly more in P group than A group, 24, 48, and 72 hours after exercise (p Conclusion: The finding of this study suggests that 8day supplementation of ALA before intensive eccentric exercise may attenuate pain, muscle damage and inflammation via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of ALA.

Optimal performance in judo requires factors such as strength and power especially in upper part of body and endurance. It is well known that trainability and training influences are very different between individuals and many of them depend on genetic factors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the probable importance of the ACE I/D and ACTN3 R577X polymorphisms among Iranian judo athletes. For doing this purpose we recruited 40 judo athletes who had medals in World and Asia Championships and 120 non-athletes men, who served as controls. DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood using a non-enzymatic method. Genotyping was conducted by PCR and PCR-RFLP methods for identification the ACE I/D, ACTN3 R577X polymorphisms, respectively. Statistical analysis showed frequency of R/R genotype of the ACTN3 polymorphism in judo athletes were significantly higher than the control group (P=0. 041). As well as, the frequency of R allele approximately 12% were higher than the control group (P=0. 06). However, statistical analysis showed no allelic and genotyping significant different in ACE polymorphism between judo athletes and control group (P=1, P=0. 43, respectively). In conclusion, the present study showed the ACTN3 R577X is a genetic marker for identifying talent people in judo discipline in Iranian population.

Introduction and Purpose: Myocardial infarction (MI) is the most common type of heart disease. According to recent studies, mitochondrial dysfunction has been accepted in the development of heart failure. Exercise training plays a protective role against cardiovascular disease. However, the role of proteins involved in mitochondrial dynamics is not understood in response to exercise training. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of the intensity of interval training on mitochondrial dynamic proteins in the heart of male rats with myocardial infarction. Materials and Methods: The present study was performed with experimental posttest design method with control group in 16 week wistar rats. In this study, after MI with ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and ensuring the creation of MI by echocardiography, rats were subjected to HIIT, MIIT and (LIIT training, Sham (MI-SED) and control (C). Six weeks after exercise, the levels of MFN2, DRP1 and PGC-1α proteins were measured by western blot. Results: data analysis showed that proteins level of MFN2 and PGC-1α decreased significantly in MI-SED group compared to healthy control and DRP1 protein levels increased significantly (P≤ 0. 05). Also, MFN2 and PGC-1α proteins increased in MIIT compared with MI-SED and DRP1 protein levels decreased as well (P≤ 0. 05). Discussion and conclusion: Moderate-intensity interval training (MIIT) leads to improved mitochondrial fusion and fusion proteins in rats with myocardial infarction. While high and low intensity interval training, despite increasing MFN2 and PGC-1α and reducing DRP1, failed to improve fusion and mitochondrial fission.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic training with cinnamon on insulin resistance index and plasma glucose, visfatin and adiponectin levels in overweight men with type 2 diabetes. Thirty middle-aged men with type 2 diabetes with BMI> 25 were referred to Kermanshah Medical Clinic. They were randomly divided into three experimental groups: aerobic training with cinnamon, aerobic training with placebo and one control group. One day before the beginning of the program, the subjects referred to the practice site. The next day, at 9: 00 in the morning, after a full rest at night, the subjects went to the laboratory and received 7 cc blood from their anterior venous vein. After centrifugation for 5 minutes at 7000 rpm, the plasma was isolated and stored in microtubes at a temperature of 80 ° C. 48 hours after the last training session (in order to eliminate the acute effects of exercise), all subjects were re-tested in the same conditions before the start of the blood sampling exercise. Insulin and fasting glucose, fasting blood glucose (fasting glucose) insulin in each patient were measured. Insulin resistance and insulin levels were measured. The results of the covariance analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the fasting glucose, visfatin and adibonectin indices between the aerobic training group and the consumption of cinnamon and the control group, but the training groups were using cinnamon and without cinnamon in terms of No significant differences were observed between the variables.

Background&Purpose. physical training appropriate selection and nutritional considerations is an important factor in changing the lifestyle of obese Adolescent and Effective Index in control and treatment of obesity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of eight weeks of HIT and supplementation of arginine under isoenergetic conditions on PYY3-36 signal and anthropometric indices in obese boys. Methodology. In isoenergetic conditions, 20 obese adolescents were randomly divided into two groups including: 1) HIT and placebo (C, n=10) and HIT with supplementation of arginine (T, n=10). Before Intervention exercise Protocol and 48 hours after the last exercise session, hormonal levels of PYY3-36 in blood and Anthropometric Indices were measured. For Investigation the differences between intra-and intergroup, Independent and independent Student was used. Results. The results showed that intra-and intergroup weight loss was significant (p≤ 0. 05). The decrease in body mass index in both groups was significant (p≤ 0. 05), but the intra group changes were not significant(P ≥ 0. 05). Body fat percentage changes were not significant in both groups (P ≥ 0. 05). The results showed that there was no significant difference between PYY3-36 peptide compared to baseline levels among and between in C and T groups(P ≥ 0. 05). Conclusion: Despite some contradictions, however, arginine supplementation along with HIT seems to be an effective approach in weight management for obse boys, Although, determining the mechanism and nature of the effect of these exercises on PYY3-36 requires further studies.

Background&purpose: The purpose of this study was investigate the effect of 6 weeks treadmill running with consumption of vitamin D3 on nerve growth factor levels in streptozotocin-Induced diabetic rat’ s hippocampus Methodology: 48rats(weight: 220-240 g and age: 9week)were divided into 6 groups: control, sham، control diabetes, exercise + diabetes, vitamin D3 + diabetes, vitamin D3 + exercise+diabetes. The exercise protocol was treadmill running for 5 days per week for 6 weeks. The groups with vitamin D3supplementation treatment received a dose of 1 μ g / kg vitamin D3 intraperitoneal vitamin D3 for 6 weeks, two days per week for first two weeks and then once a week in the last four weeksDiabetes was induced by injection of streptozotocin(60 mg / kg)intraperitoneally. NGF level in the hippocampus were measured by ELISA Results: In the present study, the level of NGFin the combined group was significantly increased compared with the control group (p=0. 0001)Also, there was a significant increase in supplementation and diabetes in comparison with the combined group (p=0. 0001) On the other hand, there was no significant difference in the exercise group and diabetes compared to the combination group (P>0. 05) Conclusion: Overall, the results showed that NGF levels in the exercise group, vitamin and also in the combination group, as compared to the control group, increased significantly, which was more pronounced in the vitamin group. Therefore, it seems that each of the interventions, especially the intake of vitamin D3, can be a major factor in the protection of the central nervous system against diabetes due to an increase in neurotrophic factors.

Background & Purpose: The link between gait kinematics and hearing loss is not well understood. The aim of this study was to compare lower limb kinematics during walking in children with hearing loss compared with healthy control ones. Methodology: Fifteen deaf children with bilateral hearing impairment and fifteen matched healthy control children, were purposefully selected. A four camera Vicon system (Oxford Metrics, UK) was used to record lower-body kinematic data. In this study, the asymmetric index of lower limb kinematics was calculated during the stance and swing phases of walking. In this study, independent t-test was used for statistical analysis. The significance level was set at P Results: The results showed that the values of the right ankle plantar flexion angle in the stance and swing phases of walking in the deaf group were higher than that the healthy group by 37% (P=0. 002) and 93%, respectively. Also, the initial peak of the left knee flexion angle during stance phase of walking in the deaf group was lower than that in the healthy group. The values of the ankle dorsiflexion asymmetric index in the deaf group were greater than that in the healthy group during both stance (P=0. 11) and swing (P=0. 015) phases of the walking. Conclusion: Lower initial peak knee flexion and higher asymmetry index during walking in children with hearing loss could be associated with increased the rate of injuries in these individuals. These results could be used in the rehabilitation protocol of children with hearing loss.

Background & purpose: previous studies showed that scapulohumaral rhythm is different between overhead athletes and non-athletes. The purpose of present study was to compare the selected shoulder muscles recruitment patterns among overhead athletes and non-athletes between dominant and non-dominant shoulders in external loading and unloading conditions during humeral abduction in scapular plane. Methodology: Thirty male overhead athletes and 10 non-athletes volunteered for this quasi-experimental study. EMG data were collected using a biomonitor system (ME6000, T-16, Manufactured by Mega Electronics Ltd, Finland, sampling rate, 2000 Hz). Electromyography activity of upper, middle and lower trapezius, middle and anterior deltoid, infraspinatus, serratus anterior and latissimus dorsi collected during humeral abduction in scapular plane (0-160º in 4 seconds) in dominant and non-dominant shoulders in external loading and unloading conditions. ANOVA with repeated measures test were used to survey within and between group effects (p≤ 0. 05). Results: Findings indicated that external loading had significant effect on shoulder muscles recruitment patterns during humeral abduction in scapular plane (p=0. 025) but, shoulder muscles recruitment patterns was similar in dominant and non-dominant shoulders (p= 0. 5). Also, there was no significant difference in shoulder muscles recruitment patterns among groups during humeral abduction in scapular plane (p=0. 82). Conclusion: it seems that type of sport and dominant and non-dominant shoulders don’ t have any effect on shoulder muscles recruitment pattern among handball players, tennis players, swimmers and non-athletes during arm elevation in scapular plane. These findings could be used as guidance in clinical and rehabilitation assessments.

Abnormal motions of pelvic were related to running injury. In other hand, according to high wideness in pelvic range of motion finding normal values of it is difficult. Probably, causes of this wideness is existence homogenous groups in healthy papulation based on limbs motion. Therefore, the first aim of this study was finding homogenous groups of healthy runners based on pelvic motions. Second was investigations of motion pattern and principle component difference in the groups. 3-D kinematics of pelvic of ninety healthy young runners were recorded during running. Principle component analysis was used for reduce in data dimension. Fore finding homogenous groups, hierarchical method was applied. Group’ s difference were tested by ANOVA. Result showed that two homogenous groups with 36 and 54 subjects are exist all runners based on pelvic motions in sagittal and transverse plane. Finding healthy homogenous groups based motion and difference between groups is useful for correct interpretation of pelvic movement during running, rooting of running injury and their rehabilitation.

Introduction: Power flow has been known as a useful method for evaluating many of the causes of locomotion disorders and detecting movement strategies of the lower limb. Axial tibial power flow pattern can be used to determine the cause and effect relationship between tibial internal rotation and pronation of the foot as main cause of the patellofemoral pain syndrome during running. The purpose of this study was to assess the axial tibial power flow pattern in healthy and patellofemoral pain syndrome females during stance phase of running. Methodology: three-dimensional kinematics and kinetics were recorded for 10 healthy and 22 patellofemoral pain syndrome females during running. Mean power around vertical axis of tibia at the first 40% of stance phase and loading response, mid stance, and propulsion phases for statistical analysis was determined. Between-group comparisons were assessed by independent sample T test and chi square (P≤ 0. 05). Results: Results showed that, in healthy females 60% of the subjects had negative and the others had positive power flow during first 40% of stance phase of barefoot running. Furthermore, in females with patellofemoral pain syndrome, 68% and 32% of patients showed negative and positive power flow pattern respectively. In comparison to the healthy group, patients with patellofemoral pain had higher mean axial power during mid-stance phase (p=0. 04). Discussion: It seems the probability of treatment success for patellofemoral pain syndrome with controlled pronation orthoses can be limited. Therefore, reliance on rehabilitation interventions on the proximal part of knee joint should yield better results.

Introduction: Since the importance of ankle dynamic stability on sport performances, this article is going to assess ankle dynamic stability after kinesiotaping and its effect on neutral and pronated foot. Method: In this study, 31 healthy athletes (15 neutral and 16 pronated foot) at 20-30 years old participated. Their dynamic balance tested by Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), before and after ankle kinesiotaping. For data analysis, “ student T-test” was used for comparing pronated with neutral foot at before and after taping separately and “ paired T-test” to compare each type of foot before and after kinesiotaping. (α ≤ 0/05) Results: There were no significant differences between pronated and neutral foot in all directions, before and after kinesiotaping (P≥ 0. 05), except at posterior direction before taping (P=0/04). Also significant differences were seen at anterior, posterior, anteromedial, posteromedial and posterolateral, in comparing before and after kinesiotaping of all subjects, that more was belong to pronated foot (P≤ 0. 05) Conclusion: Kinesiotaping can improve ankle dynamic stability, especially in pronated foot.

Background & Purpose: Minimalist and barefoot running are still a challenging topic. The purpose of this study was to investigate the three-dimensional ankle and knee joint power and energy transfer in barefoot and two minimalist shod conditions with different sole stiffness. Methodology: Fifteen healthy men ran 15 meters pass way in barefoot and two shod conditions. Five video cameras synchronized with a force plate captured kinematics and kinetics data in the three running conditions. Inverse dynamic approach was used to calculate joints power and mechanical energy compensation coefficient as an energy transfer index. Results: Both shoes increased peak positive power in the ankle as compared to the barefoot in the sagittal plane. In the frontal plane, PVC shoe decreased peak ankle positive power as compared to nano shoe and barefoot condition. At the knee, PVC shoe showed higher values of peak power than the barefoot in the frontal and sagittal planes. In addition, the energy transfer of barefoot running at the horizontal plane was higher in both eccentric and concentric transfer than PVC shoes. The eccentric energy transfer of nano shoe at this plane was less than barefoot running. Conclusion: Barefoot running had better results (both functionally and pathologically) than two minimal shoes. Although the minimalist shoe with stiffer sole (nano shoes) was more similar to barefoot running. Runners are recommended to consider barefoot running in their workout program in order to reduce injuries and improve performance, and it is best to choose the minimal shoes that mimic barefoot running.