Pars Journal of Medical Sciences
Year:2016 | Volume:14 | Issue:1|Papers Count:11

Introduction: Zoonosis, common diseases between humans and animals, is still one of the most important health problems.Brucellosis is a zoonosis with special health, economic and social importance.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional prospective study was conducted on data recorded from 2010 to 2014 in health centers and laboratories of Shahr-e-kord city.Results: A total of 267 cases of brucellosis were registered from 2010 to 2014, with 27.3% female and 72.7% male, and a mean age of 33.68±17.46 years. The most common jobs of the participants with brucellosis were livestock and agriculture (38.8%) and housekeeping (21.1%). The most frequent clinical symptom was fever (73%), and the most frequent risk factor was a history of contact with animals (75.5%). The overall prevalence was 14.67 per 100000 during the years 2010-2014.Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of brucellosis in Shahr-e-kord, especially in rural areas and the high frequency of consuming non-pasteurized dairy products, it is important to train people about consumption of pasteurized dairy products.

Introduction: Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects mucosa and submucosa of the colon and rectum. Its etiopathology is attributed to the imbalance of the mucosal immune response to the resident bacterial flora together with genetic and environmental factors. Dracocephalum polychaetum has traditionally been used to treat digestive tract diseases. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of this herbal aqueous extract on ulcerative colitis.Materials and Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 48 male Wistar rats (230-280 g). After inducing ulcerative colitis, rats were divided into the following groups: experimental groups with different doses of extract (50, 100, 200 mg/kg bw), vehicle, prednisolon and control. Ulcerative colitis was induced through acetic acid 4% enema.Results: The colon weight/length ratio was significantly reduced in the prednisolone group and the extract group at different doses of the extract: 50 mg/kg (P>0.01), 100 mg/kg (P>0.001), and 200 mg/kg (P>0.001) compared with the vehicle group. The severity and extent of inflammation significantly decreased in the extract group at the dose of 200 mg/kg (P>0.05) as compared with the vehicle group.The concentration of malondialdehyde increased in acetic acid-treated groups‚ while it decreased in the groups treated with D. polychaetum extract and prednisolon.).Conclusion: It is concluded that the aqueous extract of D. polychaetum Burnm is effective in treating acetic acidinduced ulcerative colitis.

Introduction: Group B Streptococcous (GBS) is a causing agent for neonatal infections such as meningitis and septicemia, and plays a significant role in maternal infections including pyelonephritis, chorioamnionitis and postpartum infections. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of GBS colonization in pregnant women in Jahrom in 2014.Materials & Methods: A total of 403 pregnant women in their 35–37th gestational week, presenting to Honari Clinic in Jahrom participated in this study. Rectal and vaginal samples were taken, placed in transport media, and transported to the laboratory and tested for GBS. The results were analyzed in SPSS software.Results: In this study, the prevalence of positive vaginal, rectal and rectovaginal GBS cultures in pregnant women were 16.4%, 5.2%, and 1.7%, respectively. There was a significant correlation between the positive cultures and maternal age, history of genital diseases, and gestational hypertension, but not between positive cultures and abortion status, diabetes mellitus, preterm delivery, urinary infection, place of residence, nationality, education level, neonatal diseases after birth and cesarean section.Conclusion: Given the high prevalence of GBS colonization (19.9%) in pregnant women in Jahrom, it is suggested that obstetricians and gynecologists take appropriate measures to prevent this infection in pregnant women and infants.

Introduction: Toluene (C7H8), an aromatic constituent of petroleum, is mainly used as a chemical solvent in industry. Given the harmful effects of toluene on the environment, the present study aimed to investigate its effects on lungs and blood.Material and Methods: Thirty mature mice were randomly divided into three groups of treatment 1, treatment 2 and sham.Treatment group 1 and 2 received 0.1 ml toluene 1700 mg/kg bw, and 1000 mg/kg bw, respectively for 25 days. After weighting, lung tissue and blood parameters were studied macroscopically and microscopically using Mutic software.Result: The percentage of neutrophils reduced and the number of degenerated lymphocytes and other leukocytes increased in the treatment group 1. The mean thickness of bronchial walls, the overall diameter of terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, and the thickness of the alveolar septa improved in treatment group 2. Furthermore, pneumocytes type 1increased and pneumocytes type2 decreased. The difference between treatment group 1 and treatment group 2, and the difference between sham group and the treatment groups were significant for all the above-mentioned parameters (P<0.05).Conclusion: Toluene changed the percentage of white blood cells, increases the thickness and diameter of lung parameters, caused inflammation and constriction of alveoli, and hence weakened respiratory system and reduced its performance. These effects are dose-dependent, so higher concentrations of toluene cause much more damage.

Introduction: Respiratory distress is the most frequent cause of admission to the NICU. Immediate differentiation between cardiac and non-cardiac causes could influence the course of treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the necessity of echocardiography in evaluation of neonates with respiratory distress in NICU.Materials and Methods: This retrospective study recruited 349 neonates admitted to the NICU of Izadi and Hazrat-e-Masoumeh hospitals in the city of Qom in 2013 due to respiratory distress. Data was collected and analyzed by chi-square test and t-test in SPSS.Results: Sepsis was the most common cause of respiratory distress, among the extra-pulmonary causes which accounted for 15% of the causes of respiratory distress. Echocardiography was performed for 55.3% of neonates. Among cardiac causes of respiratory distress, large and very large PDAs (27.3%), large ventricular septal defect (22.7%) and dTGA (18.2%) were the most common causes. Gender of the infant, type of delivery, season of the birth, length of hospital stay and the 5-minute Apgar score were not significantly different among cardiac and non-cardiac causes, but gestational age and infant’s age at admission were significantly higher in babies with cardiac diseases.Conclusions: It seems being full term and the age of the infant should also be considered for decision-making about echocardiography in addition to the current criteria: respiratory distress and murmurs.

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the preventive effects of resistance training on heat shock protein and the hepatic level of catalase in Wister rats following acute administration of doxorubicin.Materials and Methods: The statistical population consisted of 72 male rats (60 days) randomly divided into control and exercise groups. The exercise group was then divided into two groups of 3 and 6 weeks training. At the end of the exercise period, the exercise groups were randomly divided into subgroups to receive specific doses of doxorubicin 24 hours after the last training session (10 mg/kg bw and 20 mg/kg bw) and saline 0.9 percent. After the biopsy, ELISA method was used to measure levels of HSP72 and catalase in the liver.Results: A significant increase was observed in HSP72 levels in the control/DXR20 groups compared to control/saline groups (p=0.001). Injecting a dose of 20 mg/kg bw after 3 and 6 weeks training caused a significant increase in catalase, compared to the 3 and 6 weeks exercise/saline groups (p=0.001, 0.003).Conclusion: The use of non-pharmacological methods such as medium-term and short-term resistance exercise before administering doxorubicin can reduce drug-induced liver toxicity through supportive mechanisms and decreasing the oxidative stress and can be used as a protective approach before administering doxorubicin.

Introduction: The emergence of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics is one of the most common resistance cases in Staphylococcus, including coagulase-negative Staphylococcus in hospital pathogens.Therefore, detection of resistance factors can be helpful in treatment process. This study aimed to determine betalactam resistance in coagulase-negative Staphylococcus by phenotypic and genotypic methods.Materials and Methods: Totally, 710 isolates were collected from clinical samples in health centers of Zahedan. After genus and species of isolates were determined, their sensitivity to 10 beta-lactam antibiotics was measured via disc diffusion method. PCR and specific primers were used to traceblaZ and mec Agens.Results: Of the total samples, 79 isolates were Staphylococcus saprophytic us and 198 isolates were Staphylococcus epidermidis. The resistance profile of the Staphylococcus saprophytic us isolates is as follows: 74 isolates (98.1%) to penicillin, 69 isolates (34.87%) Oxacillin, 31 isolates (24.39%) to ceftriaxone, 71 isolates (87.89%) to Cefoxitin, 43 isolates (43.54%) to cefotaxime, 19 isolates (24.50%) to cefazolin and 27 isolates (17.34%) to cephalexin. PCR results confirmed the presence of mecA and blaZ in most isolates.Conclusion: Given the frequency of mecA and blaZ genes and phenotypic test results in coagulase negative Staphylococcus, resistant to different groups of antibiotics is on the rise.

Introduction: After malaria, Cutaneous Leishmaniasis is the most important parasitic disease in tropical and semitropical areas of the world. One the most effective ways of controlling Cutaneous Leishmaniasis is practicing preventive behaviors by family persons. Since of the endemic disease in Kherameh, this research performed aimed the impact of factors related to preventive behaviors of Cutaneous Leishmaniasisamong families Kherameh city in 1394.Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional descriptive-analytic study that statistical population is city Kherameh families.Using Cochran's formula 350 families were chosen as study sample. The instrument used in this research was questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and the reliability was 79%. The questionnaire was completed by mothers in participating families.In order to analyze the data, using SPSS software version 16 and Spearman correlation coefficient and chi-square and ANOVA tests were used.Results: Mean and standard deviationage of participants was 36.01 ± 12.25 years, Mean and standard deviation performance of City managers: 13.75 ± 10.59, Public media (TV and radio): 7.77 ± 8.57, Mean and standard deviation performance of health volunteers was 4.77 ± 10.29.Conclusions: The results showed that the performance of radio and television, health volunteers and city managers is low. Public media and health volunteers with continuous training and city managers with proper operation can be an effective step in promoting preventive behaviors of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the population.