QOM UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL
Year:2016 | Volume:10 | Issue:9|Papers Count:13

Background and Objectives: Middle age is a critical period of life and paying attention to issues and needs of this period is a social necessity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of aerobic training on adiponectin levels and quality of life in middle-aged women.Methods: A total of 21 subjects with age range between 50-60 year and body mass index between 22-25 kg/m2, were selected by purposeful convenience sampling method. The subjects were randomly assigned to two groups of experimental (n=10) and control (n=11). The 8 weeks aerobic training program included 8 weeks (3 sessions per week, 60 min each), with intensity of 50-70% maximum heart rate. Quality of life and adiponectin levels were taken at baseline and at the end of the study. Data were analyzed using dependent and independent t-test for comparison of means within and between groups respectively. The level of significance was set at p<0.05.Results: In this study, 8 weeks of aerobic exercise lead to significant increase in adiponectin levels and subscales of quality of life, such as job, sensation, sexual subscale, and quality of life in inactive middle-aged women (p<0.05). Also, a significant difference was observed between active and inactive middle aged woman in weight, BMI, occupational sense, and sexual subscales (p<0.05).Conclusion: According to the results of this study, 8 weeks of aerobic training prevent the incidence of atherosclerosis disease by improving the adiponectin levels among middle-aged women.

Background and Objectives: Curcumin belongs to ginger family, which is used as food and drug from ancient times. Different studies have shown beneficial effects of curcumin on peptic ulcer, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, and various types of cancer. In this study, the effect of different doses of Curcuma longa aqueous extract on memory retention and retrieval of mice, was investigated using passive avoidance apparatus.Methods: Mice were divided into 6 groups of 8 each for memory retention test and 6 groups of 8 each for memory retrieval test {experimental groups receiving the extract intraperitoneally at doses of 100, 200, 400, 800 mg/kg, blank group, and control group}. In memory retention test, the curcumin extract was administered immediately after electric shock, while in the memory retrieval test, it was administered 24 h after receiving electric shock. To compare the complete stepping in the experiment days, One-way ANOVA and post-test LSD were used. The level of significance was considered p<0.05.Results: In this study, curcuma longa aqueous extract significantly increased memory retention and retrieval on the 4th day compared to blank and control groups. The best response for memory retention was obtained at the dose of 100mg/kg and for memory retrieval at the dose of 200mg/kg.Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it seems that Curcuma longa aqueous extract improves memory retention and retrieval in healthy mice.

Background and Objectives: In the present study, the effect of acute aerobic exercise on enzymatic and non-enzymatic salivary antioxidants variations in non-athlete men, was investigated.Methods: In this experimental study, 25 male non-athlete collegiates (age, 21.2±1.6 years; weight, 68.62±10.1kg; body fat, 16.75±2.9%; and Vo2 max, 37.54±2.4ml/kg/min) participated voluntarily in this study. Saliva samples were collected in three phases (before, immediately, and 1 hour after running) on treadmill according to Astrand test. The activity of peroxidase and catalase, and concentration of uric acid were measured by laboratory methods. Then, to assess the obtained changes, repeated measures statistical test, and in case of significance, post-hoc Bonferroni test were used for pairwise comparing of the measuring phases at the significance level of p≤0.05 used.Results: The activity of peroxidase significantly increased immediately and 1 hour after exercise compared to the baseline; Also, the concentration of uric acid significantly increased after aerobic exercise, but catalase enzyme activity significantly decreased after aerobic exercise (p<0.05). No significant change was observed in saliva flow rate after exercise.Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, aerobic exercise causes the production of free radicals, and salivary antioxidant system increases as the body biological response to neutralize and counteract the damaging effects of free radicals.

Background and Objectives: Patient safety is crucial for promotion of healthcare quality and is monitored as an important parameter by all healthcare provider organizations worldwide. Nurses play a major role in maintaining and promoting patient safety due to the nature of their work. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of patient safety education program on patient safety culture among nurses working in Ilam education-treatment centers.Methods: In this experimental study, 40 nurses were selected from Ilam educational-treatment centers and randomly allocated to two groups of virtual patient safety education and lecture-based education. Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture questionnaire was completed by nurses of the two groups before and after patient safety education program. Statistical analysis was performed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, independent t-, and paired t-tests. The significance level was considered less that 0.05.Results: Patient safety culture was significantly improved in both virtual and lecture groups after educational intervention (p<0.01). In the virtual education group, the mean score of patient safety culture was higher than lecture group, and this difference was significant (p<0.01).Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that educational programs could be used by administrators of health service providers to improve patient safety culture among nurses. Also, providing patient safety educations as virtual or lecture both will be helpful.

Background and Objectives: Schema is a cognitive and emotional pattern, which can affect individual behaviors. This study was performed to investigate mental health problems and personality characteristics in female students in Qom city.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 151 female students of Qom high schools in three disciplines of Mathematical Sciences, Humanities, and Experimental Sciences in 2011-2012 academic years. Sampling was performed in two steps; first cluster sampling and then stratified sampling with proportional allocation to each cluster. Participants answered a 75-question questionnaire, “Young Early Maladaptive Schemas”. Data were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis, spearman correlation coefficient, and Lambda statistics.Results: The mean age of the students was 15±1.5 years. Unrelenting standards schemas (in domain of over vigilance/inhibition), failure and dependency (in dimension of impaired autonomy), and defectiveness and shame (in dimension of disconnection and rejection) had the highest mean scores, respectively. None of the mean scores had a significant difference according to three academic groups. But the correlation between the schemas was statistically significant in the academic groups (p<0.05).Conclusion: In this study, 2 out of the 4 schemas with the highest mean belonged to impaired performance domain. Given that this schema is formed by parental behavior during childhood, therefore, one of the strategies can be training of parents to improve children’s confidence and not over caring of them.

Backgroung and Objectives: Edentulism is a common phenomenon among the elderly, which its prevalence is one of the community health indicators. Edentulism leads to gastrointestinal diseases, esthetic defects, and reduction of social and psychological abilities. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of edentulism among patients aged 35 years and over who referred to the selected dental clinics of Qom city.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 394 patients (aged 35 years and over) referring to the selected dental clinics of Qom city, 2014, were randomly selected. Before performing oral examination for each person, demographic characteristics, including age, sex, job, marital status, and economic status, as well as history of smoking, xerostomia, systemic diseases, oral hygiene, and causes for edentulism, were recorded in a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square test. The level of significance was set at p<0.05.Results: The prevalence of edentulism was 23.9%, which had a significant relationship with gender, and was higher in male gender. The results of independent t-test showed that the mean age was higher in edentulous subjects and was higher (56.6). The most cause of tooth loss (75%) was tooth decay. Among edentulous individuals, 84% were under diploma and 52.6% had moderate economic status. Also, 71.9% of them were brushing rarely.Conclusion: According to the results, the prevalence of edentulism in Qom was high. Also, there was a significant relationship between edentulism and education level, smoking, caries, periodontal disease, economic status, occupation, xerostomia, oral hygiene, and systemic diseases.

Background and Objectives: Perceived self-efficacy and social support are psychosocial constructs that are important in health of population, especially in the elderly, and affect the quality of life and lifestyle. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of social-psychological constructs on lifestyle in the elderly in Yazd city.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 270 older adults over 60 years of age in 2015. A cluster sampling was performed. Data collection tools included General Self-Efficacy Scale, Zimet social support scale, and Iranian elderly lifestyle questionnaires. Data were analyzed using chi-square and Pearson correlation coefficient. The level of significance was considered to be 0.05.Results: The mean scores of lifestyle, social support, and self-efficacy were 161.9±13.9 (range, 42-211), 46.3±8.7 (range, 12-60) and 29.3±7.7 (range, 10-40), respectively. There was a linear correlation between lifestyle and social support (p<0.001, 0.594) and self-efficacy (p<0.001, 0.592). Also, social support constructs (p<0.001, b=0.424) and self-efficacy (p<0.001, b=0.420) could predict 50% of changes of lifestyle.Conclusion: Given that social support and perceived self-efficacy constructs can predict changes of lifestyle, therefore appropriate interventions on these psychosocial constructs can improve the lifestyle in the elderly.

Background and Objectives: Health information include a wide spectrum of information, including information about diseases and how to prevent and treat them early, which is one of the main concerns for most people. In this study, the internet search for health information was investigated in referrers to clinics of educational-treatment centers in Qom city.Methods: The present research was conducted as a descriptive cross-sectional study on 457 referrers (patients or relatives) to clinics of educational-treatment centers of Qom University of Medical Sciences using quota sampling and a questionnaire adopted from AlGhamdi’s study, 2015. Data were analyzed using chi-square tests and logistic regression at the significance level of p<0.05.Results: Forty-one percent of the study samples have used Internet for their health status. In the investigation on search for health Information, most of the samples (87%) used the internet for their medical status. The most searched subject (14%) was cancer, and the majority of samples (52%) stated that medical information obtained from the internet was useful and (58%) stated relatively sufficient. Using the chi-square test, a significant relationship was observed between age (p=0.001), education (p=0.000), and search for health information in one month.Conclusion: Due to the low use of and unfamiliarity of the society with search for health information, authorities should try to plan to increase skill and literacy on health information efforts. Also, they should monitor accuracy and reliability of the information available on the Internet.

Background and Objectives: Today, occupational accidents impose many direct and indirect costs on communities. In order to prevent the occurrence of work-related accidents, it is necessary that environmental factors be considered along with personal factors, such as safety Locus of control (SLOC). The present study aimed to investigate the correlation between safety locus of control and occupational accidents in two manufacturing companies in Qom province in 2015.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 163 workers who participated in the census. The tools used for data collection were valid questionnaire for SLOC and demographic questionnaire, and accidents were stated as self-report. Data were analyzed using t-, one-way ANOVA, and Poisson regression statistical tests.Results: Among all workers, 52.8% were female and others were male. The average age of the workers was 29.8±6.6 years. A total of 37 (22.8%) workers had experienced occupational accident. Also, score of SLOC was 39.1±6.7. Among the demographic variables, there was no significant relationship between work history and number of occupational accidents (p=0.06), but there was a significant relationship between external control (one of the SLOC subscales) and occupational accidents (p<0.05).Conclusion: Based on the findings, subjects who perceive positive or negative events as consequences of their own behavior, and attribute them to chance, fate, and uncontrollable environmental factors, experience more occupational accidents compared to other people. Hence, paying attention to psychological and cognitive factors in work environments should be a priority for managers and decision makers of the industry.

Background and Objectives: Obesity is a common nutritional disorder worldwide. Considering extensive studies with different results on the prevalence of obesity in adolescents in the country, the present meta-analysis study were performed to achieve an accurate and valid rate for planners.Methods: All cross-sectional studies conducted on the prevalence of obesity in adolescents were collected without any restrictions from national and international databases, including Scopus, Iranmedex, SID, Magiran, and PubMed in August 2015. Random effect model at 95% confidence level was used for data analysis and obtaining a brief measure. The heterogeneity between the results was determined using I2 statistical test.Results: In this investigation, 24 articles met the inclusion criteria to enter the study. According to the studies, the prevalence of obesity in Iranian adolescents has been reported 4.7% (CI=95%: 1.4-5.8), and the prevalence of obesity was higher in boys than girls (5.56% compared to 4.32 %).Conclusion: According to changes in lifestyle and also spread of poor dietary patterns in modern societies, the need for planning and implementation of interventional programs is essential in this regard for these age range at family, school, and society levels.

Background and Objectives: Today nicotine has been known as an addictive substance and difficult to quit. Cigarette dependence also occurs quickly and high prevalence of nicotine dependence has made it the most common psychiatric disorder. This study was performed with the purpose of evaluating and comparing interventions based on training methods and training based on the use of theories and models of health education to reduce smoking in adolescents.Methods: Electronic search was performed using Persian and English keywords in Iran medical science databank (Iran Medex), Scientific Information Database (SID), PubMed, Science direct, Biomed Central from April 21 to June 5, 2015.Results: Nine interventional researches were investigated in this review study. The interventions were divided into two studies, which, in general, theories and models of health education were the basis for intervention in 5 studies, and 4 other interventions were carried out without the use of theories and models of health education. All studies were performed as intervention and control.Conclusion: The results showed that education based on theory and models of health education has a major impact on the reduction of smoking in adolescents. Also, time, method of interventions, and training programs using appropriate models and theories is of great importance in the effectiveness of interventions to reduce smoking in adolescents.