QOM UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL
Year:2018 | Volume:12 | Issue:7 |Papers Count:9

Background and Objectives: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder associated with metabolic complications, which affects about 5-10% of women of reproductive age. The present study was designed with the objective of investigating the effect of selenium supplementation on lipid profile and indices of glucose and insulin metabolism in women with PCOS. Methods: This randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial, was conducted on 70 women with PCOS (age range, 18-40years)s. The participants were randomly divided into two groups (each 35 subjects), including the group that received selenium supplementation (200μ g, daily) and the group that received placebo (100mg cellulose, daily) for 8 weeks. Fasting blood samples were collected at baseline and after 8 weeks. Data was analyzed using the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) statistical test. Results: Selenium supplementation significantly decreased the serum insulin level (-29. 83± 47. 29vs +9. 07± 77. 12pmol/l, p=0. 013), homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (-1. 15± 1. 81vs +0. 42± 3. 09, p=0. 011), homeostatic model assessment beta cell function (HOMA-B) (-19. 06± 30. 95vs +4. 55± 47. 99, p=0. 017), and increased the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) (+0. 03± 0. 04 vs +0. 0009± 0. 05, p=0. 032) compared to the placebo group. In addition, serum triglyceride level (-0. 14± 0. 55vs +0. 11± 0. 30mmol/l, p=0. 025) and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) concentration (-0. 03± 0. 11 vs +0. 02± 0. 06 mmol/L, p=0. 025) significantly decreased after the intervention. Conclusion: The findings of this study revealed that daily intake of selenium supplement in women with PCOS may have beneficial effects on insulin metabolism indices, serum triglyceride level, and VLDL level.

Background and Objectives: The presence of addicts in the community, not only causes a lot of problems, but also can lead to problems for the next generation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of morphine on the appearance and histomorphometric changes of the stomach tissue in Balb/c mouse embryo. Methods: A total of 30 adult Balb/c mice were randomly divided into five groups: control group (solvent morphine), experimental 1 and 2 (received morphine at the doses of 0. 01 and 0. 1mg/ml, respectively, during pregnancy) and experimental 3 and 4 (received morphine at the doses of 0. 01 and 0. 1mg/ml, respectively, before and during pregnancy). The pregnant mice were killed on the 20th day of pregnancy, and the embryos were removed. Weight and crown-rump length of the embryos were recorded, and the 5 micron sagittal sections were prepared. After histological processing and hematoxylin-eosin staining, the stomach tissue, were examined by light microscope and MOTIC software. Results: The mean weight of the embryos in the experimental group 2 significantly increased compared to the control group. The mean crown-rump length significantly decreased in the experimental groups 2 and 4 compared to the control group. The mean thickness of submucosal layer in both keratinized stratified squamous epithelium and simple columnar epithelium of the stomach significantly increased in the experimental groups 3 and 4 as compared to the control group. Moreover, the mean number of cells in the simple columnar epithelium of the stomach in experimental group 4 showed a significant increase compared to the control group. Conclusion: The use of low-dose morphine during pregnancy can lead to an increase in the weight of the fetus and the placenta, and does not contribute to malformation and serious damage to the fetus, but high doses of this drug cause histomorphological changes in the thickness of the submucosal layer in both stratified squamous epithelium and simple columnar epithelium of the stomach.

Background and Objectives: Antibiotic resistance has prepared the way for substituting new therapeutic methods. Studies have indicated that nanoformulated antimicrobial agents have better therapeutic effects. In this study, the antimicrobial activity of chitosan nanoparticles loaded with amoxicillin (ACNs), was assessed in comparison with free amoxicillin against some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Methods: In this experimental study, the nanoparticles were prepared using the ionotropic gelation technique. The resulting nanoparticles were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The antibacterial activity of amoxicillin and nanoparticles against standard and clinical strains of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus faecalis, was investigated by determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and inhibition zone diameters. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Tukeyʼ s post hoc test. Results: The size of chitosan nanoparticles (CNs) and ACNs was 88 and 106 nm, respectively. ACNs showed higher antibacterial activity compared to amoxicillin and CNs without drug as determined by the smaller MIC (0. 375mg/ml) and MBC (2 mg/ml) values and larger zones of inhibition (28mm). The highest and the lowest sensitivity to nanoparticles, were observed for Enterococcus feacalis and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the nanoformulation of amoxicillin may be an appropriate strategy to increase its therapeutic effects. However, precise clinical studies are required for its confirmation.

Background and Objectives: Methamphetamine (MAMP) is a central nervous system stimulant, which its consumption has increased among young people. In this study, the effects of methamphetamine were investigated on ovarian tissue structure in immature rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 40 immature female Wistar rats after lactation, were divided into four groups: control group that received normal saline and treatment groups that received methamphetamine at the doses of 1, 3, and 5mg/kg for 10 days intraperitoneally. After puberty, the rats were dissected and their ovary was removed. The histological sections were prepared from the ovary by hematoxylin eosin staining and examined morphologically. In the tissue sections, the number of primary follicles, growing follicles, graafian follicle, corpus luteum, and corpus albicans, were counted and compared by ANOVA between different groups. Results: There was no significant difference between mean weight of mice and ovary after puberty in the treatment groups compared to the control group. The mean number of primary follicles (at all doses) and growing follicles (at doses of 3 and 5mg/kg), were significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner (p<0. 001). Moreover, the mean number of graafian follicles, corpus luteum, and corpus albicans, significantly increased (p<0. 001) in the treatment groups of 3 and 5mg/kg compared to the control group. Conclusion: Methamphetamine may interfere with the secretion and activity of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by mimicking the body's naturally amphetamine compounds, and consequently causes disorder in the number and growth of follicles in the ovary the number and growth of follicles in the ovary, which may lead to absence of oocyte maturation and ovulation.

Background and Objectives: Physical activity is one of the ways to prevent and control metabolic diseases, such as diabetes. In the present research, the effect investigate the effect of 8 weeks of circulatory resistance exercise, was investigated on the indices of type 2 diabetes in the middle-aged women. Methods: In this semi experimental study, 16 women (mean age, 44/9± 2/35 years), were voluntarily selected and randomly assigned to two groups of control and experimental. A pre-test was taken from the both in terms of indicators of interest (weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference, body fat percentage, fasting blood sugar, and glycosylated hemoglobin). The experimental group performed a period of circulatory resistance exercise (8 stations, 4 rounds, 3 days per week for 8 weeks). At the end of this period, the mentioned indicators, were again assessed as the posttest. Data were analyzed using independent t-test at the significant level of p<0. 05. Results: In this study, the mean body weight, body fat percentage, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose level, and the mean of glycosylated hemoglobin in the experimental group were significantly higher compared to the control group (p=0. 001), whereas a significant difference (p=0. 63), was observed in the mean body mass index between experimental and control groups. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, resistance exercise, such as endurance exercise leads to optimal control and improvement of diabetes-related indicators in the middle aged women.

Background and Objectives: Permanent molar teeth are of great importance in the dental system and usually erupt without any complications at the age of 6-7 years. The aim of the present study was to determine parents’ awareness of eruption of the first permanent molar tooth and caries prevention methods in individuals referring to health centers in Qom city. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 259 parents referring to the health centers in Qom city using multistage cluster sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire on awareness about the first permanent molar tooth and caries prevention methods. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical indicators and Chi square test. Results: The mean age of the participants (± SD), were 37. 40± 8. 62 and 60. 6% of them, were female. Of the parents, 27. 4% and 39% responded correctly to the questions about the age and the location of eruption of the first permanent molar tooth, respectively, and 27 and 40. 5% of the participants were, respectively, were aware of fissure sealant method and fluoride therapy. There was a significant relationship between parental awareness of the age and location of first permanent molar eruption, and dental caries prevention methods with parent’ s educational level and job. Parents with history of child dental visit in the recent year, had significantly higher awareness of the age, location of first permanent molar eruption, fissure sealant method, and fluoride therapy. Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, parents had low awareness of the first permanent molar eruption and had moderate awareness of fissure sealant method and fluoride therapy. Therefore, it is recommended to design appropriate training programs in order to improve parental knowledge about the age and location of the first permanent molar tooth eruption as well as the caries prevention methods.

Background and Objectives: Choosing an appropriate education method plays an important role in learning, skill training, change of learners’ attitude, and ultimately their satisfaction. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of application of Team-Based Learning method on learning and satisfaction of Public Health students in the health education and communication course. Methods: This interventional study was carried out on two groups of continuous and non-continuous BSc students of public health. A total of 23 students of the continuous public health selected the Team-Based Learning method and 14 students of the non-continuous public health selected conventional method (lecture). In the last session of the class, the level of students' satisfaction of teaching method, was collected and compared using a valid and reliable questionnaire in both groups. At the end of the semester, the obtained scores of the two groups in the health education and communication course, were compared between the two groups, and 6 and months after the end-of-semester exam, questions of the exam, were applied to both groups and the obtained scores, were compared between the two groups. Data were analyzed using descriptive indices and Mann– Whitney test at the significance level of 0. 05. Results: In this study, there was a significant difference between the two training groups in terms of the mean satisfaction score (p<0. 001). There was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of the mean score of individual test (p<0. 001). There was also a significant difference between the Team-Based Learning method and conventional method in the end-of-semester exam’ scores (p<0. 001). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, use of team-based Learning method has been more successful compared to the traditional method in increasing students’ satisfaction, and the level of learning achieved by this method was higher based on the students’ scores.

Background and Objectives: Nowadays, adjustment to college in nursing and midwifery students requires more attention due to exposure to psychological and environmental stressors. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of emotional maturity, ego-resiliency, and spiritual intelligence in the prediction of adjustment to college with control of cognitive flexibility in nursing and midwifery students. Methods: In a correlational design, using stage sampling method, 273 students were selected from nursing and midwifery students of Ahvaz Jundishapur University, according to the Krejcie and Morgan table, in the academic year of 2017-2018. Information were collected using Emotional Maturity Scale, Ego-Resiliency Scale, Spiritual Intelligence Inventory, Adjustment to College Scale, and Cognitive Flexibility Inventory. Analysis of the data was performed using Pearson correlation coefficient and hierarchical regression analysis. Results: In this study, based on the results of Pearson correlation coefficient, there was significant positive correlations between all the predictive variables and the criterion variable. Moreover, there was a positive and significant correlation between cognitive flexibility and criterion variable. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that emotional maturity, ego-resiliency, and spiritual intelligence with control of cognitive flexibility could explain and predict 26% of variance of adjustment to college scores. Furthermore, in the analysis of hierarchical regression, emotional maturity and spiritual intelligence had a significant role in the prediction of adjustment to university. Conclusions: Considering the important role of emotional maturity, spiritual intelligence (beyond cognitive flexibility) is essential in the prediction of adaptation of nursing and midwifery students to university, targeting these variables in order to increase students’ compatibility and can improve the performance of students in personal-social areas, psychological well-being, and community health promotion.