THE JOURNAL OF WOMENS' STUDIES (JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC AND RESEARCH ON WOMEN'S STUDIES)
Year:2007 | Volume:1 | Issue:2|Papers Count:10

This research seeks to examine the relationship between social entrepreneurship and performance effectiveness. Methodology of this research is descriptive (correlation). Statistical sample includes seventy women's non-governmental organizations which are based in Tehran. This sample was selected through the random sampling and the number of the samples was obtained through the finite population sampling. In order to gather data, two questionnaires, Andrew Lewis’s standard questionnaire and questionnaire that was made by the researcher about performance effectiveness were used. The final reliability coefficient of questionnaires was estimated at 0.84 and 0.86. The data has been analyzed by SPSS software showing that a significant relationship exists between social entrepreneurship and performance effectiveness (principal hypothesis) as well as between three indicators of social entrepreneurship (entrepreneurial programs, entrepreneurial organizational culture and critical success factors) and performance effectiveness. Given Friedman's analysis of variance, the priority of indicators has been displayed as follows: critical success factors in social entrepreneurship, existence of entrepreneurial programs and presence of entrepreneurial organizational culture.

Women play a crucial role in promotion of employment and economic conditions of society. The promotion of women's entrepreneurship is an important impetus to encourage economic growth and development, increase women's income and improve their quality of life. However, women represent still only a minority of all entrepreneurial activities. To promote the entrepreneurial activities of women, the barriers to women's entrepreneurship should be identified and analyzed so that they are removed in order to promote women's entrepreneurial activities in society. This paper deals with the literature on barriers to women's entrepreneurship. Then drawing upon experts' opinions and Delphi technique, the barriers to women's entrepreneurial activities in Yazd province are classified into six dimensions. At the next stage we used statistical methods and TOPSIS techniques and ranked these barriers. The results of this ranking show that cultural and financial factors are the most important barriers to women's entrepreneurship. Finally based on the research findings some suggestions for improving the level of women's entrepreneurial activities are offered.

In reproduction method using surrogate womb, after fertilization of egg from a woman with sperm of her spouse, the resulting embryo is transferred to the womb of another woman (surrogate) by mutual consent and bilateral agreement. Considering the variety of new methods in artificial reproduction, two ways can be applied: 1) Surrogate womb with use of the spouses' embryo, and 2) Surrogate womb for donated embryo. In both ways, both women, (egg donor and surrogate womb) played a role in reproduction. Since both of the methods are somehow similar, for the woman possessing the womb, different rights can be considered. There is not a law in force for use of surrogate womb yet, the existing custorms in this regard can deteriorate or create certain rights for the woman's rights. Therefore, there is a necessity to develop identical rights for use of surrogate womb. This paper examines the status of the woman possessing womb according to use of each of the two methods.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between mathematics self-efficacy, perception of mathematics usefulness, self regulation strategies, and mathematics achievement. For this reason 400 students (200 male, 200 female) were chosen randomly and completed a questionnaire with 3 sub scales (self-efficacy, Middleton, Midgly, 1997, perception of mathematics usefulness, Miller and ai, 1996, self-regulation strategies, Miller and al, 1996). The results indicated that: self-efficacy, perception of mathematics usefulness and self-regulation strategies had a significance relation with mathematics achievement in 2 sexes, the level of this relation was different for males and females, the mathematics self efficacy had a more important relation with mathematics achievement in females than males.

Internet appears as one of the most important tools for gaining access to information. This research intends to recognize and analyze factors influencing the use of Internet by female students of agriculture. The research method used was descriptive and correlation design with data collected using questionnaire. A statistical sample of 153 junior and senior students was randomly selected by applying random sampling method. Reliability and validity of the instrument were determined through opinions of faculty members and application of Cronbach’s Alpha. The findings show that there is a significant correlation between students' use of Internet with Internet skills, English language skills, terms of computer and internet, research and scientific writings and purpose of using Internet. In addition, regression analysis displays that about 51 percent of variations in the extent of using Internet could be predicted by independent variables.

This article addresses the issue of gender-based forms of violence against women in today's Iraq. It first deals with women's legal and social conditions, and constraints on and opportunities for women under the Ba'athist regime in Iraq. It studies how Saddam Hussein paved the way for women's social activities in a time for attaining his party and economic goals and how he secluded them in their houses another day in order to consolidate the pillars of his power. The authors continue to present a definition of violence and violence against women and its history in international instruments and examine some forms of violence such as trafficking in women, forced prostitution, sexual assaults, and gender-based mistreatment in prisons. Although all of these forms of sexual violence existed before the outbreak of war, it has been shown how war and resultant period of turmoil has turned Iraq into a fragile and insecure country, giving rise to extended violence against women.

This study seeks to compare the effectiveness of rational emotive-behavioral group counseling and of psychodrama method on improved general health and emotional expressiveness of female clients in State Welfare counseling centers in Tehran. To do so, 36 volunteer female clients were purposefully selected from among the population of women who were eligible to attend group counseling sessions in counseling centers. On a pre- and post-test design, the participants were assessed by the Emotional Expressiveness Questionnaire and the General Health Questionnaire. The data were analyzed by the analysis of Covariance and LSD Post-hoc test. The findings revealed that both the rational emotive behavioral group counseling and psychodrama method were effective on the increase of Emotional Expressiveness and General Health.Moreover, it became apparent that in comparison to rational emotive behavioral group counseling, psychodrama method significantly increased the emotional expressiveness of clients.