Roshd-e-Fanavari
Year:2009 | Volume:5 | Issue:20|Papers Count:8

Lack of integration between research and technology, and the gap between scientific ideas and goods & services, are clear facts of today's life. Developed countries have invited creative solutions to overcome such challenges. Science and Technology parks are among them, which have critical roles in integrating knowledge management loops (including creation, sharing, and applying) in the cycle of knowledge management. Science and Technology parks enable the companies to apply immediately the knowledge which has been created by the knowledge workers and scientists. In this article after reviewing the knowledge management literature, Science and Technology parks typologies is under survey. The relation between this typologies and entrepreneurship and the common points among different Science and Technology Parks are the next points. The final review is about the outcomes of applying knowledge management procedure in the Science and Technology parks.

Creation of university spin-off companies as an academically entrepreneurship activity can be considered as a growing mechanism for university technology transfer. In comparison with technology licensing, Spin-off companies create higher financial return for owners of technology and will play an important role to regional and national economic development.This paper is to define university spinoffs in more detail and make clear the importance of these companies. University authorities are interested in these companies, but need to know about different types of these companies for establishment and management university spin-offs. So, in this paper we have also tried to submit a comprehensive categorization of university spin-offs.

Research and development couldn't promote public welfare and national wealth without commercialization.Commercialization is one of the complicated stages of technological innovation process and there is no deterministic pattern for this stage. The minimum requirements for successful commercialization of new technologies are as follows: adequate demand in market, superior potential performance to responses this demand, and an entrepreneurship organization or person with the sufficient resources, marketing and managing capabilities for delivering final product to market. One way to facilitating and accelerating commercialization is benefiting from exiting industries, which have required equipments to commercialize research findings and also have free capacity.In this paper after defining commercialization, benefits of using existing industries to commercializing research centers' finings will be explain and then some of the current barriers which are in industries and research centers to benefit of existing industry for commercialization research results will described.

The cultural-social factors are among the key infrastructures for technology development. "Social capitals" are very important in this regard, but in our country neither valuable researches have been done nor have suitable indices been complied in this respect. Self confidence, self sufficiency, the culture of entrepreneurship and innovation, the desire for superiority and the importance giving to science and technology (as a superiority factor), teamwork, work conscience, are among the key criteria in this field that can be pointed out. The aim of this research is to explain the cultural and social indices effective on science and technology development, and to evaluate generally these factors in terms of the available data in Iran. For this aim, based on literature review of knowledge and technology management approaches, their evaluation models and special focus on cognitive dimension of tacit knowledge, cultural and social capital factors that have impact on development of creation; transfer and absorption of knowledge and technology are recognized. Then key factors are selected based on assessment criteria and status of these factors is analyzed in Iran. At last, some policy recommendations in order to strengthen these infrastructures towards developing S&T system are presented.

Nowadays, research has been received a great attention due to innovation and also the innovation is being observed because of economic wealth. In present world, the concept of research has lost its meaning from the cultural point of view, while its and economical function has been greatly magnified. Commercialization is the important part of innovation process and no technology and product would come into market successfully without it. Producing contexts for knowledge and technology, can create noticeable economical values for organizations, and also leads to economical and technological growth of the society. In this paper, we try to introduce the technology commercialization and its process, and also reviewing the importance of technology commercialization and its role in development of new technologies. Along with it, the important functions which are effective in technology commercialization and its success, classification, and technology commercialization risks will be reviewed.

In the knowledge-based economy, organizations capability in acquiring, developing, sharing and applying knowledge will probably lead to their sustainable competitive advantage. It seems that the first step to enter the world of knowledge management is analyzing different knowledge management (KM) approaches. Then it would be essential to identify knowledge management gaps, because organizations' weakness at identifying and bridging these gaps before implementing knowledge management plans will obviously lead to unreasonable effects.In this paper, at first, a summary of knowledge management concept and the necessity of its implementation in organizations are presented. Also, a comparison has been made between R&D expenditure and revenue and profitability of the global leading companies. In the next section, the knowledge production rank of Iran among 16 countries is presented in order to demonstrate Iran's position according to knowledge growth. Then KM approaches including mechanistic, systemic, core competencies and behavioral-cultural and two models of knowledge management gaps including Pierceand Lovrich's (1984) and Lin's (2005) model are discussed. In conclusion, the priority of adopting systematic, behavioral/cultural & core competencies approaches in contrast to traditional mechanistic approach is discussed. It is also mentioned that the1st model is appropriate to be applied in macro level where as it will be appropriate to apply the 2nd model in micro level.

The emergence of petroleum industry in Iran dates back to more than a century ago and the industry has played a major role in the country's economy from the very beginning. However, when it comes to the required technologies, the industry's dependency on foreign companies is evident. Independent technology development, on the other hand, is not an easy task since it requires a tight interconnection with Intellectual Property (IP) management. The industry's failure in independently developing its technological needs, can hence is partially attributed to mismanagement of IP. This paper investigates the role of IP and its management in an industrial context, focusing on industries actively pursuing high technological capabilities. Afterward, the petroleum management therein is reviewed. Finally the achievements of Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI) in managing its IP portfolio are introduced.

Patents are considered as the most important kind of Intellectual Properties (IPs). The Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) is the logical and legal way of protecting the IPs. Patents and related documents are regarded as the best and rich source of technical and scientific information. In most developing countries, as well as in Iran, the patent information has not found their true operational values. To be able to reach and have access to this information, and consequently assess the state-of-the-art information, a professional searching process should be conducted. It can be showed that patent searching is a professional task and needs experience and skills. This paper discusses the important aspects of the patent documents and the mechanism of skilled searching method, and illustrates examples of searching frameworks for better mining of scientific information.