Geography
Year:2011 | Volume:9 | Issue:28|Papers Count:10

The aim of this study was to plan for sustainable development in western Azarbaijan cities through considering fifty indices (population, social, economic, cultural, health, infrastructure, transportation, and skeletal). Research method is descriptive-analytic. Qualitative planning models such as Topsis multi- criteria decision making model, Atrophy coefficient, and dispersion coefficient were used for ranking cities. Study showed that despite low level of development in some respects, Uromih with having 33/8 percent of population of the province has very high level of development. Mahabad, Khoy and Bukan cities have high rank of development. Miandoab, Nagadeh, Salmas, Piranshahr, Siah Cheshmeh and Sardasht which comprise 21/9 percent of the province population have developed to average level. Correlation coefficient between development of mixed indices and amount of population was 0.974 at significant level of 99%. The result indicates development of big cities and underdevelopment of small cities. Therefore spatial pattern of development in the province is core-peripheral; this is as we move toward big cities in terms of population, administrative and economic factors, rate of development increases.

Danger of flood in Iran, especially in rural area increased worriedly in early years, that it was the result of interference change and human activities in ecological structure of around environment, that in each period of time, as regards to the community developing level, the approaches pursue to reduction this disaster. Really, using of this planning management pattern could be change the rural people condition toward themselves around environment, some deal and also with using of their potencies and experiment, benefit in flood management. On the other hand, about flood phenomena and its occurrence in earlier decade, new pattern of planning management regarded, that more than structural management regard to nonstructural management. Rural points in Gorganrood basin permanently affected by flood. Therefore, this study tries to study rural people attitude toward participation and amount of its efficiency in flood destroyer impacts reduction. For this purpose, in three dimensions, economic, social and environmental dimensions, rural people participation in three period of flood occurrence, before, along and after, with attributive and territorial methodology and with descriptive and statistic analyzing method. Result of this study indicated tendency of rural people and governmental answerable to participation in flood management in before period of flood occurrence.

With emergence of southern Caucasian region (After breaking down the U.S.S.R) the area draws attention of several regional and trans regional powers seeking for new area of collaboration, competition and conflict for higher proportion of power and benefits. As one of trans regional powers Israel has been strongly keen to be present in this region, due to his geopolitical and geo-economic necessities and based on Ben Gorian doctorial and New Middle east doctorial of Shimon Perez. Due to political, development and financial constraints, local countries considered Israel capabilities parallel to their own interests. However this area is located in I.R. Iran security environment who has severe ideological conflicts with Israel, which means expanding financial, political, cultural and security-military presence of Israel would reduce dominance and influence of I.R. Iran in following his national interests in the region. Therefore in this paper by using game theory in the international relationship, situation of Iran and Israel encounter in the Caucasia has been surveyed and by analyzing these conflicts their relationship has been considered as a win-lose game.

Primate city analyses in Iran and most of the countries around the world are confined to the capitals and metropolises. Analyses of the higher levels will end up where concentrated schematization, which is one of the problems in Iran, ends up to. This method is wrong because it only covers a some of the layers and will never lead to a true understanding of the real cause which is very probable to be in other layers (mid and low). Due to this fact in this essay we have tried to analyze the lower layers of cities in the framework of primate city (analyses) for the first time.The hypotheses of the research is based upon the fact that the urban system of Sistan balouchestan province is going towards the sate of de-concentration and rupture. By the use of the quantitative research method and primate city, concentration and de-concentration indexes it was proved that in these layers we have de-concentration and city rupture even more than what we have in the urban system of Iran. It seems that the use of urban development strategy with the purpose of restraining and managing (logistics) the growth of Tehran and strengthening the state of small and mid towns, establishing development centers in depressed areas to attract huge industries, granting freedom of taxes for the establishing industries in other provinces of the country, and finally reinforcing rural clusters and agricultural economics can be proper solutions to reinforce the urban system in all its layers.

Given the fact that planning for lessening the environmental and man-made hazards is an objective of applied geography, access to the proper data and information for creating different databases is a necessity. It would be more important when related to the dynamic, volatile and sensitive nature of environmental and man-made systems. However, inaccessibility to data is one of the main barriers to complete geographical studies in Iran as well as other developing countries. Although data accessibility is a problem, nowadays the expansion of digital data has provided a cheap and easy way to obtain data from the Internet. One of these data sources is the Google Earth (GE) which has widely been used by researchers and scientific communities around the world for various purposes. This paper is an attempt to engage the GE pictorial data and GIS tools and techniques to show the spatial patterns of ignoring the limits of physical and built features in Kermanshah, Iran.

This paper explains the spatial variation of morphology and past and present climate, and catchment characteristics. This region is a part of large depression of Masileh (located in Qom province). Field observations during several weeks of surveys (in 2000 to 2007), topography & geology maps, climate data and available hydrologic records. Applied data has been based on survey on field and GIS data (by Arc Gis& ilwis). Identification of morphological features using remote sensing techniques is often a powerful tool for classifying and Level Fluctuation or for reconstructing the paleo-geomorphology. hence component analysis (PCA) were used. Remote sensing techniques offer rapid acquisition of data with a generally short turn-around time, at a cost lower than that of ground surveys (Hunt et al., 2003), and are a useful tool for delineating the fluctuating margins of shallow-water systems like the playa-lakes. Results showed that there was a specific relationship and correlation between neotectonic and climate change with segmented fans, river Channel change and Instability. These Playas (hoze sultan-hoze mare) have their origins in a combination of tectonics, climate change and aeolian forces. The size and shape of lakes varies through time in response to climate change and lake hydrologic changes. Also This results provide a strong foundation for understanding Geomorphologic evidences of base level change in playa Hoz-e-Soltan.

One of the major factors in rural planning is identification and making a hierarchy of residences which might be useful in offering influential structures for delivering services and getting optimized advantage from rural products. In this study the current position of Saheb village from Ziviye County is to be analyzed from the viewpoint of availability, service and equipment distribution in the village. This is of comparative-analytical study which is done by the implementation of 49 variables and 8 indices and application of 9 techniques including Gatman institutional level gauge, centrality index, the sum of minimum distances, the number of direct relations, the number of communication nodes, Z index, population potency, human development index and cluster analysis. According to the obtained results, villages of Karim Abad, Chagharloo, Lagzi, Ghale Kohne, Adinan, Kake Asiyab and Dargahe Soleiman are at the first level (developed), and the villages of Darvazan Oliya, Yazi Bolaghi, Ali Abad and Ghale Jaghe are at third level (developing) and villages of Chighi Khar, Gheshlagh Reza, Eslam Abad, Dare Esmayiliya, Komanto and Khoushe Dareh are at the forth level (deprived). According to recommended spatial grading, the whole village has been divided into a group of villages (Saheb rural town) and four areas (Ghale Kohne, Eslam Abad, Karim Abad and Saheb); equipments and required services, which are proportional with standards and criteria for offering services in rural areas of country and the way of equipping rural centers (the Act of urban and architecture council), have been recommended.

Calculating of landslides show between of area of favorable region for landslide and volume landslide has meaningful relation. Landslide in deferent condition and deferent climate happened. Furthermore have meaningful relation between volume and area of landslide. This relation used for determine landslide volume in sain pass in nir city with area 77.8km. in this research landslide time series 4 years since 1380 to 1385 are used. Total volume of material mobility of landslide in this period VLT =3.2×107 m3 and speed of material mobility have jL =7.8mmyr-1. Humid period 1383 to 1385 lead to accelerate occurs of landslide in this region. In this three years, approximately total of slipped material before this years in sain pass mobility and the speed has jL =54mmyr-1 six times bigger then standard speed. Volume of material slipper in definite period has indicated for magnitude of landslide is used and in the calculating in the shape of log 10 are show and represent total volume of landslide in the clear period. In notice this subject new relation between area (AL) and volume (VL) start point for grading magnitude of landslides.