Applied Psychology
Year:2013 | Volume:7 | Issue:1 (25)|Papers Count:7

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the inhibition, social judgment, abstract reasoning and social skills non-verbal in RRMS patients and normal individuals.Methods: This study was a comparative - causal of case control and the sample consisted 30 RRMS patients (19 women) by random sampling method from the members of Guilin MS association (635 members) which selected as patient group and then 30 normal individuals were matched chosen as controls group. Then two groups of the patients and control were evaluated by using of subtest similarities, comprehension, and picture arrangement of Wechsler test (Wechsler, 1981) and perseveration of Gestalt test (Loretta Bender, 1938).Results: results of T and MANOVA tests indicated that Patients with RRMS have poorer performances on similarity and picture¬ arrangement of Wechsler test and more perseveration error in Bender Gestalt test.Conclusion: despite the maintain in social judgment, the RRMS patients indicate significant cognitive vandalism than normal individuals in abstract reasoning, social skill non-verbal and behavioral inhibition. In order to, cognitive behavioral therapy has been effective in cognitive restructuring, correction for cognitive distortion and behavioral techniques education is necessary to the mental health promotion of these patients.

Aim: The aim of this study was to explore any possible effect of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) on parental self-efficacy (PSE) of mothers of children with high functioning autism (HFA).Method: This study follows a single-subject semi-experimental design. Recruitment was based on access ability. PCIT, developed by Eyberg (1999), was applied on five mother-child pairs in the Center of Treatment for Autistic Children, for about 17 weeks. PSE was assessed by the Early Intervention Parenting Self-Efficacy Scale (EIPSES, Guimond, Wilcox & Lamorey, 2008) during one baseline assessment; one assessment between the two stages of intervention; one week after treatment termination; and two follow-up assessments.Results: findings indicated that PSE was improved low to moderately (0.49 to 50%) on four mothers, and it was reduced about 5.49% in one of them. However, mothers seem to be satisfied from PCIT (80 to 88%).Conclusion: PCIT has low to moderate effect size on mother’s PSE. In accordance to the limitated efficacy of this treatment, Examining the efficacy of other programs that are primarily concentated on mother’s PSE in autism spectrum disorders has to be aimed in future studies.

Aim: Comparing the four factors of Cattell’s 16 factor test and sensation seeking variable between two groups of the accident and not accident drivers, was the main objective of this survey.Method: Method of this study was cross-sectional. From all drivers involved in accidents and were referred to four traffic centers of Ardabil city within second half of 2010 (N=400), 30 participants were selected with simple random sampling as study group and from drivers who haven’t reported accident, 30 participants were selected with matching method as comparable group. All participants were individually surveyed by Cattell’s 16 factor test (1964) and Arnett’s sensation seeking (1993).Results: Results of MANOVA analysis showed that average of shy/bold, self-assured/apprehensive, tolerates disorder/perfectionist, and relaxed/tense subscales is significantly higher in the drivers involved in accidents than drivers who weren’t involved. Also sensation seeking variable is higher in the accident-experienced drivers than others.Conclusion: This study showed personality characteristics and sensation seeking effected in outbreak of drive accidents. Full study of personality characteristics and sensation seeking of accident drivers in high volume is necessary.  

Aim: The purpose of this paper was to predict achievement goals based on positive and negative affect by Mediated academic self-efficacy beliefs.Method: Method of this study was Correlation and the study population included 5, 000 students in Yazd that with cluster sampling method were selected a sample of 225 high school students in three academic disciplines (humanities, experimental and mathematical). Inventories of learning approaches (Greene & Miller, 1996), self-efficacy in children and adolescents (Morris, 2001) and the positive and negative affect Scale (Watson, Clark & Tellegen, 1988) were used.Results: The results of using multivariable regression analysis showed when not present academic self-efficacy beliefs on the regression equation, is Significant Relationship between positive and negative affect and achievement goals can be achieved while this relationship when controlled this variable is not significant.Conclusion: Thus, positive and negative affect was predictor achievement goals by academic self-efficacy beliefs in high school students. The results of the present study for organizations such as the Education In order to apply programs to enhance self-efficacy beliefs and improving academic performance of students it seems useful.

Aim: This study was designed for survey of role of level processing and mood congruence in emotional words recognition in alexithymic people.Method: Method was semi-experimental and Statistical population includes 9000 male students of Tehran University that were selected 80 Subjects through them. These people were divided to high alexithymia score group and low alexithymia score group via Persian version of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale. Subjunctive’s task was recognition of emotional words in two level of processing (perceptual or semantic) and also in mood congruence or mood incongruence conditions.Results: Results shows high alexithymia score group recognized less emotional words in comparison to low alexithymia score group. Though their function was weaker than low alexithymia score group in both of levels of processing (perceptual and semantic), they had more difficulties in semantic level in comparison to perceptual level. Mood congruence or mood incongruence conditions had no effect on emotional words recognition in them.Conclusion: It seems alexithymia is more related to stable constructs such as personality traits or incompetence in emotional information processing, rather than to unstable states such as affect and mood. So it is better that emphasis to emotional for interactive orientation in semantic knowledge.

Aims: The purpose of current research was to determine the relationship between insufficiency of family of origin and women’s codependency, and to discover the moderating role of higher education in this relationship.Methods: Research method was correlation analysis and Population included women in Tehran. From women lived in the districts 4 and 7 of Tehran, 140 women were selected according to the convenience sampling and filled in Spann-Fischer codependency scale (Fischer, Spann & Crawford, 1991) and Family Assessment Scale (Epstein, Baldwin, & Bishop, 1983).Results: The results showed that the mean of codependency among women with higher education was lower than others. Although all types of insufficiencies of family of origin were associated with codependency, but only insufficiencies in roles and communications had stronger correlations. Moreover, higher education was moderated the relationship between insufficiency of family of origin and codependency and this relationship was only significant among women without higher education.Conclusion: Higher education by reinforcing sense of identity, self-confidence, self-esteem, and cognitive empowerment can help women not to transfer their problems of family of origin to their adulthood. It is essential to investigate the role of higher education in applied women’s studies.

Aim: The purpose of present study is designing a test for evaluation of risky decision making in social situations.Method: In a cross sectional study, 195 students of Shahid Beheshti University were participated with non probability sampling. Risky Decision Making in Social Situations Test (RDMSST), Balloon Analogue Risk Taking Task (BART) (Lejuez, Read, Kahler, Richards, Ramsey, Stuart, Strong & Brown, 2002) and Ultimatum Game (UG) (Straub & Murnighan, 1995) used for evaluation. Exploratory factor analysis and Speramans correlation were used for analysis.Results: Exploratory factor analysis revealed that risky social situation placed in four separate factors contain health related risky decision making, novelty seeking, tolerance of ambiguity and economic risky decision making. Significant correlation between RDMSS with BART and UT confirmed that RDMSS is a risk taking and social test.Conclusion: Risky decision making in social situation test is a useful test for evaluation of risk taking in social situations.