Journal of Applied Sociology
Year:2010 | Volume:20 | Issue:4 (36)|Papers Count:10

The characteristics of modern society have produced new functions for trust. Given the existing concerns for maintaing social order and control in modern society, people's trust to police has gained a high significance and importance. Two general perspectives exist to explain the formation of trust. According to society-centered approach, trust expands as people's participation in formal and informal networks increases. In contrast, institution-centerd approach argues that the institutions that are central for the creating and maintaining trust are the policy-implementing institutions, that is, public service systems. The present paper seeks to compare these two perspectives with regard to people's trust to police. In doing so, it employed survey method with 7949 respondents from rural and urban areas in Mazandaran province. The multi-satge clustered sampling method was used. The findings showed that for the explanation of people's trust to police, social factors, in particular, the quality of government is more effective than the background variables and even participation in voluntary associations. Thus it can be argued that people's attitudes towards government agents and the performance of public organizations have a strong influence on their evaluation of police trustworthy.

Trust is one of the main variables of social capital which is studied in the framework of social order. Trust aspects get changed according to social change. Nowadays with change in society, aspects and circle of trust are no longer confined to family members and local communities. The level of social trust is defined in relation to different organizations, foundations and occupations. Accordingly in order to gain trust there exist some requirements that organizations have to meet. Among these requirements are honesty, efficiency and moving towards realizing public aims. The present paper is done on the basis of surveys carried out in the field of social trust in Tehran, Qazvin, and Qom. Factor analysis of items shows that items of interpersonal trust are gathered under one factor and have a high correlation. As a second factor items related to trusting groups, social occupations and media have a high correlation. Therefore interpersonal trust can be termed "trusting familiar groups" and the other group can be termed "trusting unfamiliar groups". The average level of trust on the first group is by far higher than the second group.Regards to, regrestion result 10 influence independent variation on dependent variation, (social trust) The variation of appropriate located general molarity with affected coefficient 0.25 has been the most influence on social trust and then the variation of social security feeling with 0.24 is located second ranking the variations of social solidarity with 0.18 social satisfaction 0.16, religious loyality ,altruism mentality with 0.12,social acceptability with 0.08 are located next ranking.But the result of studying is shown, the variation of social and economic base, social alienation and disappointment feeling had been inverted coefficient effect to the variation of social trust.Namely, with increasing very unit of recently 3variation responders, rang of social trust had been reduced in amount of 0.05.

For studying of the distribution of social class structure of Isfahan and its social effects, this research has been done.The determined household sample is432 based on the latest Isfahan census.The tools of gathering data is a questionnaire with closed and semi closed questions.The results indicated that the districts of Isfahan have different class structure, and the marriage relations are affected by socio- economic status of house holds.Other hypothesis indicated there is no meaningful relation between socio-economic and geographic structure in the Isfahan districts.

Trust is the most important factor in making social order and capital. It also plays a crucial role in establishing stronger interpersonal relationships, increasing risk power and making social life more comfortable.The present study was carried out to investigate the rate of social trust and the factors affecting it in the city of Yazd. In this survey study, a sample of 288 citizens of Yazd (15 years old and over) were interviewed.The findings show an index of %17.4 for low social trust, %64.6 for moderate social trust and %13.5 for high social trust. It has also been found that social trust is more among men, and more among the married.The relationship between social trust and variables Such as social participation, religiousness, social relation and normative integration is significant. Among independent variables, normative integration yields the most effect in explaining social trust.

Objectives: Social trust is a crucial issue that today’s societies are encountered, and one of important factors of Social survival. Present study aimed to determine the role of socio-cultrual factors in creation of social trust in Tabriz Citizens.Method: In a pilot study, 395 of Tabriz citizens with age of over 18 years-old were randomly selected. The data were gathered by a questionnaire, and been analyses descriptively and by using pearson and spearman correlation tests, t-test, regression, and ANOVA variance analysis.Results and Conclusion: Findings of this study showed a significant correlation between citizenship level, religious attitude, social participation, socio-economic status, cultural poverty, gender, marital status, education, age, and job in one hand and social trust in other hand.

The main goal of present research study condition of school circumference hygiene and that’s conformity with national standard like: security, workshop and laboratory, buffet, enclosure, w.c, w.b,… the method research is description and cross sectional that to register category data with diverts observation and census and complete enumeration. There are many research results:- 58.33 percent of population is fit for girls' school and 41.66 percent is fit for son.53.44 percent is high school and 46.55 percent is middle school.12.12 percent is one time school and 87.87 percent is two times school.- According to dimensions and indicators school circumference hygiene standard, average conformity in this research is 45.04 percent and arrangement that conformity from up to down average conformity is:- The condition of repulse of sewage and rubbish is 100 percent.- The condition of enclosure is 55.38.- The condition of workshop and laboratory is 43.95- The condition of W.C, W.B and drinking cup is 38.43- The condition of security is 37.37- The condition of class is 37.13- The condition of buffet is 3.04

Objectives: The study of social problems in Iranian scientific communities has been the center of attention in the past two decades. Understanding these problems needs contemplation and consultation with scholars. The meta-analysis of studies can help to recognize social problems in Iran.Method: in this study, the method of research is qualitative meta- analysis. This method is to analysis studies Findings: unemployment of university graduates is the most important problem in Iranian society. The perspective of social disorganization is the most important theorical perspective that has been used for explanation of social problems in Iran.Results: considering the complex and multidimential social problems in Iranian society, understanding of these problems needs contemplation of scholar. theatrical perspective of social disorganization from the viewpoint of authors of analyzed articles is the suitable perspective to find out and explain social problems in Iran.

Sociological criticism is method that proceed research and study society several division and different or homonym treatments style structure society in signal period in history. herein criticism style, works evaluate hence point of view that society and artist correspond live and inseparable mid.indeed critic learn compeletly from time and place that writer lived, until can studied works because of artist moral reflex into society and its idea from outside.

According to social changes in global level, social scientist introduced new theories to explanation of social phenomena. According to appearance new theories, research methods have changed. The Idea is that, Simultaneity with Appearance post positivist theories, research approaches such a grounded theory has established. This method, acts in the base of qualitative methods and use systematic complex of multiple Procedures to gathering data for theory development upon induction. This method with characteristics as if flexibility, reflexivity, has caused many of researchers used it. In the present article, we paid to introduction of grounded theory and its critics.