Journal of Applied Sociology
Year:2012 | Volume:23 | Issue:2 (46)|Papers Count:12

This paper Object is to investigate of school factors and its influence on students deviance. This paper Theoric framework is composition of: Egnive (1992) Theory of public pressure, Herchi (1969) social linkage and Satterland (1939) Differential linkage and with control of situation of student family variable. Research methodology is scaling and choose 200 student among of 13686 student of public school by Simple random sampling method in yazd state. and they response to questionair automatically. Result of this survey shows school factors (Interaction with parents) have direct relation with school Curriculum. And students deviance have Significant relation with parents Interaction with school and person interaction with school and person Belong to school and interaction with deviant friends. parents Interaction with person have effect a meant of 29%. And there is significant and direct relation between person Belong to school and Differential linkage with deviant friends.

This research examines work culture and social factors influencing it among employees of Islamic Azad University, the largest private organization in Iran. First, it has been tried to determine a rate for work culture and then relationships between work culture and participatory management, organizational justice, job satisfaction, and demographic variables have been examined. Research method is cross-sectional survey; research population is all personnel of the Islamic Azad Universities in three provinces: Fars, Boushehr and Kohkiloye-Boyerahmad. Overall, 481 subjects were selected by means of simple random sampling. Measurement tool is questionnaire, which includes four scales. Construct validity was obtained through factor analysis; Reliability test was also performed by means of Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Research findings indicate that work culture is on average among subjects. Also, there are significant relationships between work culture and participatory management, organizational justice, job satisfaction, age and years of employment. Using regression analysis, it appears that of all independent variables, job satisfaction and years of employment are strongest predictors of work culture. Taken together, they explain 18% of the variance of work culture.

Social relations among people, with different age and sex groups are an important source for sociological studies. To be more specific, studying friendly relationships between the sexes, especially among youth, is of crucial importance in the field of family sociology, marriage. In this study, while reviewing previous research and existing theories on friendly relationships, we developed a theoretical framework, which is based on perspectives of Giddens on globalization and intimacy. The research is quantitative and used survey method to collect data. The sample includes 531 young males and females living in Shiraz, who were selected through multi-stage random sampling. The data was collected through self-report questionnaire. Our bivariate analysis indicates that using modern information and communication technologies and modern lifestyle are the two independent variables which have the greatest impact on tendency towards friendship with the opposite sex. Also, our multivariate analysis show that friends’ pressure, degree of religiosity (as a lifestyle), using modern information and communication technologies, and family pressure, taken together, explain 36% of the variance of dependent variable.

This paper intends to investigate generational value gap between mothers and daughter of Mashhad, with an emphasis on religious values. In doing so, a group of 30 female respondents (18-29 years old daughters and their mothers) were included in the study by means of purposive sampling. Research tool was in-depth interviewing. The theoretical framework of this study is based on macro theories in the field of generational gap. Four viewpoints about the existence and/or absence of generational gap are considered in this study. The results of the study indicate that mothers have a great influence on the religious values of their daughters, and any conflict between values of the two groups would not affect their relationship. So it is possible to say that there are generational differences between young daughters and their mothers in religious values.

Violence is a behavior aimed at hurting others; Behaviors such as vituperation, rape, physical abuse and murder are a few examples. Today, different forms of violence have tuned into growing social problems at the same time that they are normalized. Various researchers have studies the role that social variables play in the frequency of deviance behavior. This survey is an experimental study of social control theory to explain the role of family and friends in interpersonal violence. 385 male, high-school students in Yazd city were selected by means of multi-stage cluster sampling to respond to a self-administered questionnaire. The results of the study show that attachment to family, parents’ religiosity and parental control have significant and reverse relationships with interpersonal violence. However, parental conflict and deviant friends have significant and positive relationships with interpersonal violence.

In recent years urban studies with a view of social justice is known to be one of the most important approaches. In this approach, different indices are given attention, among which access to urban services and added values of land are the most important two. One of the best optimal ways to provide urban services is to divide a city, as a system, into different parts and distribute services in proportion to demographic characteristics of each part. The present paper is based on an applied research and is descriptive-case study in nature. The data was collected through the use of existence resources, and was based on field impressions. Also, the measurement tool is based on Askalvgram and Moris taxonomy, Coefficiency, standardization of different data, and central location. The findings of the study show that urban areas of Yasouj are not different in terms of accessibility to urban services and facilities. Land price, and as a result the added value of land, follow the discussed indicators in a meaningful way. And urban services are distributed justly in different parts of the city according to the situation. As a result, first parts 1 and 2 of the city and then part 3 and 4 have received facilities and added value.

Urban development and concentration of resources in cities have caused human society to take shape in these areas. The need of low-income residents to urban housing increases demand for an informal housing market whereby informal housing turns into a kind of residency in cities. Numerous problems of this kind of residency for sustainable urban development have put pressure on urban managers to think of some countermeasures in these areas in order to reduce the process of isolation and erosion of social cohesion in these neighborhoods. Social capital as an asset available in these communities is regarded as a suitable solution for reducing the costs and organizing these communities. This paper presents the research findings of a study on the impact of social capital on sustainable development of Shemiran nou, an informal settlement in Tehran. It is a descriptive survey, based on distributing 400 questionnaires among residents of Shemiran nou. The goal of the research is to understand if there is a positive relationship between social capital and social sustainability of an informal community. If such a relationship exists, then we can talk about a sustainable and inward way for stability of informal neighborhoods. The results of the study indicate that there is a significant and positive relationship between social capital and indicators of sustainable development, which can be empowered by connecting to trust and networks. The local council deserves more attention because it is the most important part of the relationship, and any practice which makes this council more accessible to the public is a kind of capacity building. According to multivariate regression analysis, trust and joining to social networks are the most important factors in moving towards sustainable social development. Finally, it is clear that informal factors of social capital lead to actual achievement of sustainable social development and formal factors of social capital lead to potential achievement of sustainable social development.

The purpose of this research is to study the relationship between social influence of department heads (from the viewpoints of faculty members) on organizational commitment of faculty members at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in the academic year 1387-88. Social influence is composed of 11 items and organizational commitment has 3 items. The Research method is survey, and research population is all faculty members at Isfahan University of Medical Science, whose number is 645. Of this number, 104 individuals were randomly selected to constitute research sample size. The Data was collected by means of two questionnaires: Yukl’s (2003) social influence questionnaire, which has 44 items and Allen & Meyer’s Organizational Commitment questionnaire with 24 items, which considers demographic characteristics such as sex, age, education, academic ranking, management experience and place of study. The reliability coefficients of these questionnaires were 83% and 76%, respectively. Our correlation analysis indicates that although there is not a significant relationship between research variables and demographic characteristics, significant relationships exist between some of the indices of social influence and organizational commitment. Items of co-operation, ingratiation, consolation, and personal attractiveness are in a meaningful relationship with organizational commitment.

Societal commitment involves sympathy and emotional attachment of actors to society and implies preference for public interest over self-interest. Secondary analysis of the Iranian Social Integration survey data shows that 64.6% of Iranians are socially committed and whenever faced with a dilemma of collective vs. self, they prefer public interest to self-interest and they assume it is expected to do so. On the contrary, 17.3% of the people are not socially committed and prefer their own self-interest according to their own perception of general expectation of others. Also, 18.1% of the people have their own definitions of responsible behavior and their actions are assorted according to their own personal norms. The mean of pressure of societal commitment norm (conscious pressure for responsible behavior) is 62.7 (on a 100 base scale) and pressure for responsibility is stronger than irresponsibility.

This article examines the relationship between personal and social responsibility, social trust and altruism among adolescents (aged 15-19 ) who live in Shiraz. The sample includes 391 respondants. Variables had been constructed and verified by face validity and Cronbach’s alpha determined reliability. Personal and social responsibility, each with alphas of 0.71 and 0.72, respectively, were measured. The results of the study show that personal responsibility has significant and positive relationships with social trust (r=0.332), trust in social groups and institutions (r=0.226) and altruism (r=0.204). However, social responsibility is in a reverse relationship with social trust (r=-0.304) and does not have a significant relationship with altruism. Social trust is related to altruism in a significant and positive relationship (r=0.224). In general, these three important variables are related to and strengthen each other. Therefore, increasing of public trust should be considered seriously so that altruistic behavior-that can guarantee a just society-becomes a routine practice in public culture. Because honesty and openness in social relationships can increase social capital, responsibility and trustful behavior, more efforts should be made to firm moral virtues in society.