LITERARY CRITICISM
Year:2017 | Volume:10 | Issue:37 |Papers Count:7

War has caused the most terrible kind of fear, stress, anxiety and frustration for those people who have been or not involved in it, as a result above mentioned parameters emerged in war and holy defense’s related works. The Scorched earth was written to show imposed war and its tension. It can be analyzed from different perspective such as Froid’s psychoanalysis theory.in this novel the effect and features of war and defense against the enemy is stated. The aim of this study is to analyze fear, anxiety and defensive mechanism in The Scorched earth. The present study uses a descriptive and analytical method. some people use defensive mechanism in order to lesson the mental injuries that is caused by fear and anxiety of war, defensive actions such as taking drug, repressing the memories, escaping from situations, insulting the enemies, saying prays, and crying over martyrs.the memories, escaping from situations, insulting the enemies, saying prays, and crying over martyrs.

This essay tries to show a frequent macrostructure in mystical Maqâmâts that makes people`s religious beliefs. Not only does it gives enough evidences for the structure but also interprets its ideological functions. The macrostructure consists of some chronological events. It starts with a holy parentage for great Sufis and it is continued by prophecies predict a child will be a great Sufi in the future. It carries on with unbearable asceticisms. All of the events prepare the ground for small miracles. The chain ends with a fantastic death and a contrast to other discourses. The last events, in reality, work as a result of small miracles power. The main function of the structure appears to make a limitation to access to small miracles. It leds to articulations that generate a new discourse: discourse of Sufis who have small miracles. The new discourse encounters mystical discourse to social and political discourses.

With the growth of academic journals and literary studies in recent years, pathological approaches in explaining the shortcomings of this research has taken place. But it seems that most of these studies have focused on the description of the effect and not cause and effect approach This paper studies the academic literature are studied at three levels: the first level is understanding the nature of the ideological hegemonies in persian literary studies and their impact on literary research in academic Journald. the thought patterns of the literary studies consider an educational, descriptive and tast postition to it.. The second level to the "Methods" in the university's research and apply literary theories as the "scientific method" to literature study according to trans disciplinary approaches, theoretical pluralism, look post paradigmatic state and centrifugal exposure to this theory questions, and in the third level components of a research article with the concepts of hermeneutic methodology and is considered problematization. The components that It seems are considered most stereotypical and unnecessary.

In this paper, at first the existing grounds of theorizing in children's literature are classified on an objective and logic basis. These grounds are: theories relating to the existence of children's literature, theories relating to the nature and the specific issues of children' s literature, and revisions of the concepts and the categories of literary theories and their relations according to the nature and the specific issues of children's literature. The present article offers examples for each case. Then with regard to Vandergrift's figure of the focal points of the literary theories, the positions of children's literature theories on this graph are determined. By determining the dialectical relationship between literary theory and literary criticism, it is shown that the production of literary theory itself relies on literary criticism. At the end, by posing the need for complex thinking, the possibilities ahead the theorists are pointed out. Thus, the descriptive metatheory of children's literature is portrayed. This metatheory shows the routes and the areas of research in the field of children's literature.

This essay denotes the context for observation of cultural behavior of the sixth decade according to cultural formation and discourse analysis of this decade, those groups into the same historical era who have the same experience from the particular social occurrence - the WAR and holy defense. In this analysis of generation dependencies, theories, judgments and common values are studied about stable phenomenon, common meanings which is in the field of experience from the hidden generation, and transfer in this decade narrative stories. In this present essay to understand the interrelation of generations for narrative authors, we assist two terms: 1. the qualification that bring social sources and areas for this changes, and 2- the qualifications that come to form the content and ideological setting, and shows that traditional revolutionary ideological discourse creates a vast array of new ideas through the production processes, selection, and institutionalization which in significant way deployed the ideology of official and cultural deep-seated institutions. This discourse is a function of cultural formulations of sixth decade that is created in order to the crisis in moral system, resources mobilization, and the formation of chains of interaction among the cultural elites. In this cultural context, narrative authors advocated dominant discourse with their new ideas and provoked the answers of the other actors in the present social environment. The Cycle of “idea- answer- idea” is one of the methods and mechanisms of action that acts through the chains of action with formation of repeated dominant discourse. In this way, social experiences of the authors in this period, are as same as the ideological elements with positive and negative elements were recorded and written.

Influenced by Phenomenology, Iser and Jaus propounded Aesthetic Reception Theory. They believe that literary texts have no potential or fixed meanings, and it is the reader who discovery the meaning by his reading. Iser attempts to formulize the meaning discovery process primarily, by presenting the Gaps and Blanks in literary texts, he makes the readers participate in interpretation the texts as much as the producer of the same texts. In Iser viewpoint, by filling the blanks in literary texts, readers revive those texts. Then by presenting and expanding Omission and Highlighting, Hypothesizing, reading/reader strategy, and expectation horizons, Iser and Jaus pave the way for explaining the meaning discovering process. This paper attempts at analyzing the poem, AY ADAMHA, and its various interpretations in the light of Aesthetic Reception processes. Therefore, considering the introducing and classifying the various interpretations of this poem, readers Reception is analyzed, and the blanks of the texts is scrutinized

The place is one of the story’s important elements. Point to some times of places in the parts of Hedayats “Boof-e- Koor”, but it appears that be able to paraphrase this effect, act secret that’s locality. And to cause some times to imagine mistaking that without time and place, whereas you may to see in this effect Ray and Tehran’s historical geography. This is including ancient period, Middle Ages and safavi as qagar. In this article to recover this places with help primitive map so we can to show the places in three details: origin, destination and cemetery route and out of city castle. This article is continuation to article: “Rereading Hedayats Boof – e Koor based on the socio – cultural and historical geography of Ray” for to open this cryptic effect. Rereading Hedayats Boof – e Koor based on the socio – cultural and historical geography of Ray” for to open this cryptic effect.