Journal of Plant Biological Sciences
Year:2019 | Volume:10 | Issue:38 |Papers Count:6

The present study was conducted to evaluate the anionic SDS surfactant in various environmental conditions on Dunaliella viridis alga growth dynamics. The effect of different concentrations of 0. 1, 1 and 10 mg. L-1 of SDS and pH of 7, 8, 9 and 10 on the Dunaliella were investigated. The 20% reduction in growth rate of algae in all concentrations in comparison with the control was observed in the sixth and seventh day of experiments. The growth rate was close to 92% in the culture medium at a concentration of 1 mg. L-1 SDS at pH 8 on day 7. In addition, the biodegradation process of surfactant will depend on the length of the alkylated chain as well as to cell metabolism. The short-lived alkyl chain SDS showed the highest percentage of degradation in the cell population. Therefore, the loss of cell density caused by surfactant in the culture medium results in an effect on the Dunaliella cell cycle, which is strongly dependent on ERK phosphorylation of MAPKs. In this research, to predict the structure and function of protein, the models have used the multiple sequencing alignment algorithms more. ERK sequences showed that their residues are strongly conserved in unicellular microalgae in higher plants and mammals. The degree of identity between the model sequences (Target) and ERK1 and ERK2 protein kinases (Template) has been calculated in RMSD 2. 30 and 2. 9 Å with highest sequence coverage.

Leaf Septoria tritici anamorph Mycosphaerella graminicola is one of the main destructive foliar disease of wheat. Resistance cultivars and chemical pesticide are commonly methods that used to control of this disease. In this research, the effect of Marjoram extract was investigated in order to induction of resistance in two resistance and sensitive cultivars of wheat. Experiment was conducted in control (without extract) and treatment (extract) conditions on two cultivars: Chamran as resistance Yavarous as sensitive cultivar at greenhouse condition. Two days after treatment of seedling with extract, inoculation of plants had been done with Dehloran isolate of septoria tritici with 7×105 spore/ml. RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis from leaf samples were prepared at 6, 12 and 24 hours after contamination for further analysis. The results showed that the expression of PR1 gene at investigated times between two cultivars at two conditions was different so that after 6h, the PR1 gene expression in resistance cultivar was peaked about 2. 5 fold change rather than sensitive cultivar, while the expression of Ppi gene 6h after inoculation, in Yavarous showed 2. 5 fold change rather than Chamran cultivar. Application of Marjrom extract increased the expression of PR1 gene in resistance cultivar, while Ppi gene expression increased in sensitive cultivar three fold changes. It is suggested that the use of methanolic extracts of Marjoram medicinal plant can induce resistance and activation of the plant defense system against M. graminicola fungal pathogen.

Allium jesdianum is an endemic species in Iran that unfortunately, in recent years due to uncontrolled harvesting, it is put on the endangered list. This research was carried out based on nested design with three replications from eight habitats including; Gamasiab, Kakareza, Peresk, Zalaghi, Venaei, Meleh, Serenge and Kamandan in the Lorestan province for two years. The results showed that Venaei habitat had the heaviest fresh (10. 65 g) and dry weight (4. 1 g). Soil texture of this habitat was Sandy-clay-loam and higher organic substances and potassium content than other habitats. The maximum plant height (41. 16 cm) was recorded in kakareza in the first year. The Soil of this habitat rich in phosphorus. Phenological growth stages (vegetative growth, flowering and seedling) of Allium jesdianum in Melah habitat-(located in south of the Lorestan province) started earlier than other habitats. The results showed that the time calendar and the time duration of the phenological stages were different in each habitat. The growing degree days (GDD) was for the seeding stage was more than other phonological stages, and the highest GDD for this stage (about 129. 2 º C) was recorded in Kamandan habitat, in the second year. The results of this research can be useful in proper management, breeding and domestication of this rare and endangered species.

In this survey, flower and fruit micro-macro morphological characters of the genus Sanguisorba (Rosaceae) including two species (Sanguisorba officinalis and S. minor) and three subspecies (Sanguisorba. minor subsp. muricata, S. minor. subsp. lasiocarpa and S. minor subsp. minor) from Iran were studied. At First, plant materials were collected and identified. Then, the detailed flower and achene morphological characters examined using digital and scanning electron microscopies. To determine inter and intra specifics relationships, the examined data (44 quantitative and qualitative characters) inserted in the principal component analysis (PCA). Based on our findings, inflorescence shape and dimensions shape of external bracts and calyx, number of carpels, stigma, style, and number of stamen, filament length, folding patterns, number of wings, hair density and length, distance between hairs, length, width and depth of lumen, wax-sculpturing types are the most important micro-macro morphological evidences in this genus. The PCA analysis resulted in formation of two groups, complete separation of species and subspecies. Based on the current result, flower and fruit micro-macro morphological data of the genus Sanguisorba are taxonomically informative and can be used for infrageneric and species classification. An identification key based on the important diagnostic characters is presented.

Allium akaka ssp. akaka is a medicinal plant belongs to the Amaryllidaceae family. It is native to Iran and listed as endangered due to over collection. Seeds of Allium akaka subsp. akaka have dormancy and until now, there have been no reports on in vitro propagation of this plant. In this study, effects of growth regulators on callus induction and plant regeneration of Allium akaka ssp. akaka were investigated. Also, the effect of sucrose percentage and ABA growth regulator on bulb formation in regenerated shoots was studied. The results indicated that the highest callus induction (93. 7%) was achieved in the medium with 0. 1 mg/l 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) in combination with 0. 5 mg/l Thidiazuron (TDZ). Shoot regenerated at the highest frequency (91. 6%) in the medium with 1 mg/l 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid or 1 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 1 mg/l Thidiazuron, while, the highest number of shoots (9. 7 shoots) belonged to the 0. 5 mg/l 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid with 0. 5 mg/l Thidiazuron. The culture medium containing 6% of sucrose supplemented with 1 mg/l ABA indicated the highest rate of bulb formation (100%).

The widespread use of vanillin in food and pharmaceutical industries increases the probability of entering to the waters and its positive or negative effects on growth and life of aquatic algae. Due to the nutritional and medical importance of Spirulina platensis, a blue-green micro-alga, the effect of vanillin on its growth and physiological characteristics was considered in two Zarrouk and Johnson media, on 0, 21, 27 and 33 days of a 42 days period. The highest dry weight was obtained in Zarrouk and then Zarrouk containing vanillin media, whilst the highest growth was observed in Zarrouk and then Johnson media. A positive and strong correlation (R2=0. 94, p<0. 01) was observed between the turbidity of suspension at 560 nm with its dry weight. Vanillin reduced growth and dry biomass in all days of sampling, but in contrast increased the amount of lipid and protein in both media. The amounts of chlorophyll a, carotenoids, phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, phycoerythrin, astaxanthin, phenol, carbohydrate and lipid peroxidation were often higher in Johnson medium (without vanillin). Although, the recent medium in most cases induced the maximum cell productions, but Zarrouk medium, compared to the Zarrouk containing vanillin medium, showed some inverse results. In general, although vanillin led to a reduction in algal growth and biomass, but in cases where valuable products such as antioxidants, pigments, lipid compounds, protein, carbohydrates and phenols are considered, it can be used as an inducing factor of production.