CONTEMAPORAY LITERATURE STUDIES (LITERARY CULTURE QUARTERLY)
Year:2010 | Volume:2 | Issue:6|Papers Count:11

The present article studies the Quds city and the holy status it has gained in the history. It also reviews its geographical and historical characteristics in time especially the historical demography of this city and its neighbors in the 16th century. This century starts with the occupation of the city by crusaders and thus the decrement of population due to the death of 70 thousand people of the inhabitants of this city. The historical demography of the city of Quds ant decrement of its population could be pointed out through the depiction of a chart. Haj Boursha's considerations in his descriptions of the holy land and its tribes, religions, sects and demographic elements in centuries are also a proof of this fact.

No matter what extent of effort and diligence devoted, it seems almost impossible to duly appreciate the role and works of Sharif Al-Razi, In addition to specific and unique features of his time which let him flourish in science, knowledge, and enlightment, Al-Razi had his own distinguished poetic personality. Though by this article we aim to fairly evaluate the genius and talent of Al-Razi over- shadowed by Al-Motanabi and subsequently Abo-Al-A'laAlma'ri, and over- looked by his contemporaries. This study we claim is to acknowledge his state among the poets of eulogy. The present research reveals his recognized rank as compared to his contemporaries or of other times. His eulogies are different from those known and attributed to other poets, since it does not arise from an intention to earn a living, profit or the satisfaction of an authority or king.

Abolghsem Ali B. Abi Ahmad Al-Hussein (355- 436), Known as ShrifMortaza and who was later on given the title Alam Al - Hoda by vizier Abu Said Mohammad Ibn Al-Hussein.Mortaza has sung 14 short and long satirical poems independently and in total 696 verses, for his grandfatherImamHussein in these touching elegies which he used to sing on the day of Ashura, he defended Shi’as basic thoughts and its ideals. He has grown under the care of his mother Fatimah, in religious and Shiites family. He learned the holy Quran by heart at period of infancy and learned the religious sciences. We don’t surprise that observe the influence of Quran and hadith on Hosseinian elegies.In this paper, will be discussed the influence of Quran and hadith on Hosseinian elegies.

It is obvious that literature means prose and poetry and makes no difference either by Arabs or non – Arabs. But symbolism in the Arabic concept has emerged since the emergence of the Dark era's literature and is loaned from the specific characteristics of Dark era's lives and is based on two elements: brevity and indirect speech.Since the symbolism has emerged like a literary school generally in the Western literature and specifically in the French literature, it is necessary to express the concept of Western symbolism as well as different eras of Arabic literature in the research of Western and Arabic symbolism. The author of the present article intends to mention the characteristics of symbolism in literature whether hidden in Arabic or Western literature.

This article surveys the indicative and creative sentences along with the sentences of both types and compares them according to the concerns and viewpoints of the scientists of eloquence, syntax and grammar. Four different theories are selected and mentioned then all of which has its own premises and logic. Shahid Sadr has criticized the theory of the content unity proposed by Saheb Al-Kefayya. Shahid Sadr has proposed the theory of random relation which is based on the premises that the random relationship of two things is based on different quotas.

Play is an ancient literary form in the history of human art which has undergone different developments. Different ears during which this human art has developed could be classified as: Greek, Roman, middle ages, classic era, romantic era and realism era. Play appeared with preliminary dances and music in religious ceremonies and has developed into modern plays and movies after all the mentioned eras.We are now observing it flourishing in literature and art. One could claim that no modern literature now lacks it although it is obvious that Arabic literature and art has been deprived of this fine human art because of certain social, religious and technical reasons till the contemporary time.

Mutannabi the well-known Arab poet has dedicated many lines of his poetry to describing animals directly or indirectly. Among the animals to which Mutanabbi has paid attention the horse has a very special status. Most of the lines in which he has in some way described horses or horse riders are the lines about fights and battles in which the poet depicts the victories and bravery of the courageous fighters.He has rarely illustrated horses' other uses such as hunting, pleasure or transportation. The present article tries to review and evaluate the descriptions of the terms horse and horse rider provided frequently by Mutanabbi in his works.

The present article studies the symbolism in the poetry of BadrShakir Al-Siab. His literary method played an important role in leading the literature of 50s and 60s in Iraq and the whole Arab world. This article tries to express how Siab after becoming familiar with western literature and being affected by the European symbolist poets could add a new form to the contemporary Arabic poetry. He took pure symbolism to its zenith with his style. Pure symbolism has its own examples such as tendency to use colloquial terminology, or using local songs and proverbs instances of which are frequent in Siab’s poetry. Another instance of Siab's pure symbolism is using precise adjectives. He also uses imagination which is another instance of pure symbolism.

GhassanKanfani, writer, critic freedom fighter and Palestinian martyr, has written many novels regarding the realities of society (disasters caused by the Palestinian adversity in 1948). Ghassan presents precise and realistic descriptions of human being and existence in these novels. The novel "The Survivor" is a representation of the events of Palestine which could only be understood through inquiring into its themes. In this novel the author attempts to depict the events and problems of the Palestinian society as if he is talking on behalf of middle class of the society who is suffering oppression, corruption, poverty and deprivation. His character sclearly describe the situation of events in Palestine. Ghassan tries to express the liberal thoughts and the main objective of returning to the holy land of Palestine through allegory and allusion.

Some creatures might live without air but there exists no species neither among animals nor plants that can live without water. The modern science has proved that water is the most important element in the structure of a cell and a necessary element for the accomplishment of all vital activities because it is the most fluid element of the nature and the most basic element for life with so many advantages. Water can contain elements and minerals and half of the well-known resources are in molten sea water. Water plays a very important role in holy Quran and dark ages’ poetry. Quran emphasizes that life goes on with water and about 538 verses of Quran have mentioned water. Many Dark Ages poets also have described water in their works. The present article studies this subject in holy Quran and Dark Ages poetry.

Woman and wine and other synonymous words with them and whatever is in connection with these words are among important symbols of Sufi poetry through which the Sufi poets reflect the divinity and divine love. Sufi literature researchers are aware that this group of poets have mentioned woman as a sign of the existence of pure divinity.Sufi poetry is thus lyrical and identifies the earthly love with divine love. It is worth mentioning that the theme of pure love in old lyrical forms matured before the formation of Sufi literature. The present article reviews some sample poems which include these symbols.