CONTEMAPORAY LITERATURE STUDIES (LITERARY CULTURE QUARTERLY)
Year:2009 | Volume:1 | Issue:4|Papers Count:12

The process of poetry in Kuwait has always been progressive during the past centuries as well as the present century. This progression has raised remarkable questions such as is the good economical situation because of the foundation of petrol in this country and so on.The last question is about the time of formation of Articulate Poetry in Kuwait. The poets of Kuwait do not care about the publication of their works; that’s why they had not developed in writing style.The present article attempts to find the appropriate answers for the mentioned questions; it has divided the poets of Kuwait into three generations based on these answers.

Arabic pastiches are poems by which their composers imitate the brilliant previous poems according to their rhythm, rhyme and content; and throughout the long history of the Arabic literature, they enjoyed very-various styles with the invention occasionally. So the stylistics, arising from the Structuralism, can study them by its analytical methods which include the rhetorical, rhythmical, and intertextual aesthetics.The present article modestly tries as far as possible to apply one of these methods on an ode of the seventh century and its imitator of the fourteenth century.

The nemesis is of an antiquity among human society but its rules differ from the divine rules; because the human society has punished the convict without any special rule in past. In many cases there was not any relationship between the punishment and the crime.The divine religions had enacted special rules in order to make a relation between the punishment and the crime. The main goal of nemesis is to inhibit people to commit a crime.Did the nemesis have any effect on Arabic poetry and is there any related word in Arabic poetry?The present article attempts to find an appropriate answer for the raised questions.

Maruf Al Rosafi is one of the four great Iraqi poets. The other three are Al zahavi, Al kazemi and Al shabibi. He was born in Baghdad, Iraq in 1875. He had learned reading- writing and memorizing Quran in traditional Iraqi Schools and then entered the army college. He could not deal with the courses so had started self studies and went to religious schools. His instructor, Alus had motivated him in literature to the extent that later he had started teaching Arabic literature in a ministry in Iraq and could be elected as a candidate in Iraq’s Parliament.He had prose a Divan which was about national issues. He had passed away in 1945.

Hodbat – ibn - khashram was from Ozreh tribe. Information about him and his poetry can be rarely found in sources. The only findings are about his arguments with his cousin Ziyadat. Ibn Khashram was the one who had started this struggle which caused him to kill Ziyadat. For this reason, their tribes fought each other as well and finally he was hanged. In their struggle, at first, Ziyadat cursed at Hodbat,s sister and he cursed at his sister too and at last, Ziyadat was killd by Hodbat and he was imprisoned. Hodbat was an eloquent poet and narrator as well. His poetic style is primitive and there is a little feebleness and contortion in his poetry.

The Arab literature undoubtedly was not a suitable position for the perfect philosophy in the past or in the contemporary era; but rays and glimmers of philosophy can be seen in their literature. Except the philosophical Sufism of Hallaj and Ibn Arabi’s schools which were followed by Jalal Al Din Rumi and Faid Al Din Attar Neishabouri in Persian and Arabic.The present article has studied the philosophical sources of North Mahjar’s literary men with their view point of philosophy about subjects such as believe in God, human, death, the world and etc.

“The Dogs and the Thieves” is the second symbolism novel written by Najib Mahfouz in 60s after “Olad Haretana” in 1961. The writer denies the republic government through this novel and insists on importance of sovereignty in Egypt.The novel is an image of those countries in which tyranny and injustice are ruled over and actually the justice is lost.The writer criticizes the authorities and the government indirectly by the issues of religion and the women in Egypt and presents them as “The Dogs and the Thieves” to the readers.The present article precedes the mentioned contents as well as its form as well.

Maghameh is one of the literary styles that has been created in the fourth century. The present article studies various aspects of this literary style. First it defines it and then studies its formation and growth followed by its characteristics, sources and different views on it. It attempts to study Malek Al Shoara Bahar’s works and his goals in using Maghameh, affects and similes in his poetry. Also the affects of Persian and Arabic literati from Badi’ Al Zaman and his knowledge has been studied. At the end of the article Persian and new Arabic Maghamt has been introduced.

Nader nezam Tehrani is one of the contemporary poets whose poetries have been recently published. His poems involve various subjects and concepts such as Quran and Hadith which can be seen implicitly in his works by the aid of allusions and adaptations. Humanism is another concept used in his works and has been utilized in his politic sonnets; the nature and the dreams are the main characteristics of his poetry and he has used attractive metaphors and similes in this regard.The present article tries to study on the effects of Quran, humanism and nature on his poetry after studying his biography.

Some linguists believe that word in Arabic language was initially based on one syllabus; orators have changed them according to the special countries, tribes and societies. They have contrived special acumen for any prefixes, suffixes and affixes addition. Some other linguists believed that word was initially formed based on three letters, and thus different accents and languages were ramified of that. Arabic can be known as the master of languages because it has lived a long life.It became so strong that barely one can disappear any trace of it. The present article attempts to discover and spread the Arabic grammar and its formation in this language.

Abbasid era is one of the most precious ears among Islamic Literature ones. Taking no notice of the privileges of the aforementioned period, the critics have considered its abominations. Appraising this era’s literature with scrutiny, one would culminate that on the contrary, there were lots of famous literati who have endeavored in favor of promulgation of social and human values such as Abotamam, Abol Aala Al Maari, Motenabbi and the prosaic realizations in the following literati such as Jahez, Badi Al Zaman Al hamedani.The underlying incentive for which we have sufficed to enumerating celebrities is to mention that they are meritorious representatives for other literati.