JOURNAL OF POLITICAL STUDIES
Year:2017 | Volume:9 | Issue:34 |Papers Count:9

Among the implications of Western colonial influence in the Islamic world from the late eighteenth century, the Muslim scholars agreed on the necessity of revising the Islamic tradition. Their writings focused mainly on the axis of progress, the rationality and Western scientism, and the backwardness of Muslims. Because Muslim scholars had a negative view of the culture of the West, they returned to the Islamic tradition and used all their efforts to revive it. In the twentieth century, a new look at tradition and the study of the difficulty of tradition and modernity with modern research methods was faced with the achievements of western civilization, and scholars of Islam with different intellectual tendencies investigated the issue of tradition with new approaches. Muhammad Abed al-Jabari and Mohammed Arkoun are among the most prominent representatives of the modernist trend for their double emphasis on the new research methods in understanding the tradition, revising and critically exposing the tradition to finding a solution to the current problems of Islamic societies. In the revelation of tradition, the two sought to criticize Islamic reason and Arab wisdom due to the importance of the critique of reason. In this research, a comparison is made between the Critique of Islamic Criticism of Arkhon and the Critique of Arabic Wisdom.

Election participation and voting could be counted as basic elements of political participation and dealing of the society. Ethnicity would be considered as effective element in election behavior. Iran is a country with has been included vast diversity in ethnic cultures, and in this lecture we are going to address to election analyzes among Bakhtiari families. Main question of this investigation refers to electoral behavior of Bakhtiari families. The main purpose of this study is considering the role and position of ethnicity in electoral behavior sociologically. According to the main methodology of this study, documentary research and Qualitative methods and techniques like interview has been proceed to reinforce the investigation. To determine the theoretical framework, the sociological theory of Pierre Bourdieu due to concentrate on agent behavior in various structures, has been recognized as the appropriate reference theory. Subjective/objective structure of Bakhtiari families’ formation understanding. Results of interviews and common observations show that some factors including ethnic-tribal structures and ethnic elements, have meaningful relation with electoral behavior. In other words, interviewees believe that these elements have effective roles on their opinions and election behavior.

Religious revivalists and intellectuals are advent in reaction to entry of modernity, in other world, unaccommodated entry in Iran’ society and disputable, removal understanding of traditional from religion. Both approaches emphasize on religion and its station. Nevertheless revivalists try to revival religion in new era and solve society’ problems in new understanding from religion and tradition. While religious intellectuals give priority to new questions in Islamic societies and try to adjust responses of religion to this questions. Hence principal differences between these approaches, in Iran’ history is results in: one of them, favor new `questions in 20 century and indicate religion solution for those problems and another, the important preference is present of abilities of religion refer to other new thoughts. From this point of view, this article tries to consider Ali Shariati and Morteza Motahari’ ideas on questions as Muslims’ problems roots, lag roots and also solution for them.

Under the recent political transformations of the so-called "Arab Spring" or "Islamic Awakening, " the geopolitics of the Middle East and North Africa have once again become the centerpiece of the global crisis, thereby providing the necessary platform for intervention and development of the influence of transnational actors. In this regard, the main question of the research is based on the basis that, if the continuation or intensification of recent developments in the Middle East, what security implications can it play in enhancing the presence of NATO in the region? Also, what will be the security challenges of NATO expansion in the region for the Islamic Republic of Iran? The present study, using the descriptive-analytic method and within the framework of the Copenhagen School, suggests that the continuation, intensification or prolongation of the Middle East geopolitical crisis will provide a platform for the wider and more comprehensive presence of NATO in the region. In other words, the multidimensional security threats posed by the Middle East crisis for NATO members, on the one hand, and the redefinition of the organization's role as a "responsible" institution and an organizer of world peace and security in the new millennium, on the other hand, led to It will attempt to intervene and expand its influence in the Middle East, in order to ensure global security, especially the interests and security of its members and allies and regional partners. In this regard, the increasing expansion of NATO could lead to various security implications for the Islamic Republic of Iran and subsequently threaten the security of the country with serious threats.

The term social justice is one of the concepts discussed in political philosophy, with several perspectives and interpretations of it. This compound term represents a specific concept of justice that differs with other forms, such as natural justice, political justice, economic justice, and individual and moral justice. The present descriptive-analytic article seeks to recognize this concept in terms of its nature and knowledge in the thought of Khajeh Nasir al-Din Tusi as one of the theorists of Islamic political thought and John Rawls as one of the political thinkers in the West. The results of the research show that social justice is in the opinion of Khajeh Nasir al-Din Tusi as respecting the suitability, virtues and merits of John Rawls social justice as fairness, impartiality and equality of opportunity.

The present research, using the analytical-descriptive methodology and the approach of historical institutionalism, attempts to recapitulate the socio-political role of the Traditional Bazaar and Dependent Institutions as part of the traditional middle class in the political construction and policy process of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The results of the research show that although this traditional social institution, along with the clergy, before the victory of the Islamic Revolution, had a critical and subversive role against the system, but after the victory of the revolution, by virtue of the dominance of some market influencers and affiliated organizations such as Jamiat'haye Motalefeh Islami and Anjomanha-ye Eslami-ye Asnaf va Bazaar on the political management of the country, along with the clergy, are the pillars of consolidating the building of the political power of the Islamic Republic. In this research, it is assumed that the Traditional Bazaar has a fundamental role in the political power structure of the Islamic Republic of Iran and has established and maintained a connection between the clergy and the historical, cultural and political link between the clergy and the market. Nevertheless, at certain times and especially in the fourth decade of the Islamic Revolution, It has changed with the government and it has become a dominant player in making political power weak.

This article is to explain main theories on foreign policy of Iran and Turkey in Eurasia and also pathology of actual policy of Iran in the region. According to realist approaches through emphasizing on power politics, meta-theory through emphasizing on constructivist and decision-making theories on foreign policy are discussed in this article. Therefore main question of current article is that how do foreign policy of Iran and turkey affect national interests of both countries in Eurasia. The immediate answer to the question is that non-ideological and economy oriented foreign policy of Turkey has served its national interests properly in the region while ideological and value oriented foreign policy of Iran has failed to serve its national interests.

Terrorism is not a new phenomenon, history is full of acts of terrorism motivated by different I committed and the life of many innocent people and the denial of rights, freedoms and security of the people is often jeopardized. Today, the national terrorism threat and fear become a threat to international peace and security by expanding its international risk falls. With the advent of the information age, the quality and complexity of the war and a very great concept and a new aspect of the conflict in cyberspace formed. Islamic Republic of Iran because of the security environment, it is more than an opportunity, like any other country contains numerous threats requires a comprehensive strategy to tackle this issue in order to guarantee the security of and access to the vital interests of.

In every country, the president has a high status and responsibility in the post of presidency, so that he can take steps to ensure the proper implementation of his duties in the direction of the development and prosperity of his country. These responsibilities are in fact derived from the president's duties and authority, and places the president in a position to answer to his constitution. Regarding the position of the post of presidency, which is of great importance in most countries, it is reasonable to place supervisory standards in the way the president works. Therefore, the President must always pay attention to the fact that he is responsible for his actions. The President of the Islamic Republic of Iran, in view of being in this critical position and in order to ensure the fulfillment of his mission, has the details that we will address in this article.