NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT (JOURNAL OF FISHERIES)
Year:2015 | Volume:9 | Issue:1 |Papers Count:13

Simulated transportation of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss fingerlings to study stress reactions the effects of Lidocaine hydrochloride and Caryophillium aromaticus on water quality parameters Dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonia nitrogen (NH4 +) and pH of control group and treated group of 5, 10, 20 ppm Lidocaine hydrochloride and 5, 10, 30ppm Caryophillium aromaticus similar experiments simulating the park et al (2009) of Winter flounder Pleuronectes effected Lidocaine hydrochloride Done separately for each period of 5 hours in 3 replicate samples in the results relative decline DO 4. 42 ppm and increase NH4 + 0. 45mg/l after 5h without loss of sample groups Lidocaine hydrochloride but increase NH4 + 2. 04mg/l and the sharp decline DO 2. 10ppm after 5h caused the juveniles were suffering losses %100 due to the high concentration of anesthetic Caryophillium aromaticus shock and did not leave. The purpose of simulating long-term transport juveniles Oncorhynchus mykiss separated by an anesthetic Lidocaine hydrochloride and Caryophillium aromaticus measure strength and economic of these results is non-toxic and effective anesthetic being also group 20 ppm Lidocaine hydrochloride is an effective rate in the Caryophillium aromaticus 5 ppm and control group critical condition operations metabolism excretion are juveniles Oncorhynchus mykiss.

This research carried out to evaluate efficiency of immune stimulant (immunogen) in four treatments (0, 0. 5%, 1%, 1. 5%) to the diet of young Caspian roach (Rutilus rutilus caspicus) with average body weight of 1. 21± 0. 36 gr. for eight weeks. Fish were fed 3 times a day. At the end of cultivation period, the amount of growth and survival rate of common roach was compared. The results showed that, body weight increase, the percentage of body weight increase, specific growth rate and net production of fish in 1. 5% treatment of immunogen was higher than control group but it didn’ t reveal a significant difference (P>0. 05). Moreover, the percentage of daily consumed food in 1. 5% treatment of immunogen showed a higher significantly than control group (p<0. 05). The survival rate in 0. 5 treatment of immunogen was higher than control group but it didn’ t show significant differences (P>0. 05). In general, immunogen stimulant cann’ t be used as a food supplementation for growth and survival in common roach cultivation.

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), is the one of the main species of cool water fishes in Iran that each year in different centers of reproduction, have the artificial reproduction. In procedure of reproduction, different factors such as extraction of selected females breeding stocks eggs, the sperm quantity and quality of male breeding stocks, the biochemical and ion composition of sperm from male breeding stocks rainbow trout and their relations with the efficiency of artificial reproduction, were investigated. In 15 samples from male breeding stocks so that 5 pieces of 3 years, 5 pieces of 4 years and 5 had a 5-year. Mean and standard deviation of biochemical compounds in fish 3, 4 and 5 years were investigated. Relationship between albumin, alkaline phosphatase, urea, triglycerides and cholesterol, with multiplication factors of efficiency, were direct, and between creatinine with the efficiency of amplification, was negative. Relationship between total protein with fertilization rate, was negative, but with percentage of protrusion of the eyes, the percentage of hatching, larval survival rate were positive and direct. While relationship between glucose with the percentage of fertilization, was positive, but with percentage of protrusion of the eyes, the percentage of hatching and larval survival were negative.

In this study effect of dietary zeolite on growth, survival and body composition in rainbow trout juvenile (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was investigated for 56 days. Basal diet was supplemented with 0 (control), 2, 4 and 6 g/kg zeolite in a completely randomized design trial with 3 triplicates. 15 samples of rainbow trout juvenile with initially average weight of 40. 47± 1. 38 g were stocked in 80 liters PVC tanks. There were significant differences in growth and feeding parameters between treatments (P<0. 05). As there were significant differences in acquired body weight, total length, body weight increase, percent body weight increase, feed intake, condition factor, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, net protein utilization, protein efficiency ratio and biomass (P<0. 05). There were no significant differences in survival rate and feed per fish between groups (P>0. 05). Results indicated level of 6 g/kg zeolite affected on growth rate and feeding efficiency in rainbow trout juveniles and this kind of material could be an appropriate complement in diet cultured rainbow trout.

The Babol rud River is in south of Caspian Sea basin. The Dominant fish in the river are consisting of Leuciscus cephalus, Alburnoides bipunctatus, Carassius carassius and Capoeta capoeta. The sampling of parasitic fauna in Babol rod River fishes was achieved from 172 fish from autumn 2010 till summer 2011 during four seasons. Sampling were carried out by electro shocker from four stations and investigated by binocular microscopic: skin, brunch, intestine, fin and eyes were tested and 12 species were detected: 2 species of Trichodina sp, 1 Myxobolus. sp, 1 Butoriosephaluch gowkongensis, 1 Allocreadium isoporum, 1 Rhabdochona denudata and 6 parasites species containing 3 Gyrodactylus sp, 2 Dactylogyrus formosus and Dactylogyrus lenkorani and 1 Paradiplozoon sp and 2 Butoriosephaluch gowkongensis and Paradiplozoon sp were detected from intestine and skin in A. bipunctatus and L. cephalus as multi-host parasite and from Allocreadium isoporum intestine with infection intensity 4 and 8% in C. carassius.

In this study, the monitoring of lobster stocks in order to study of some population parameters such as catch per unit effort (CPUE), length-class frequency in catch component, time of spawning peak, the first maturity carapace length, length of 50 maturity, sex ratio of stock, the changes of catch content and efficiency of method and catch equipments of the species conducted in autumn and spring seasons. In order to performing this research, special cages were used in Chabahar and Ramin coasts (Oman sea) and daily catch in 20 cages include 2143 lobster measured and statistical analyses was performed during two months. According to results, the smallest and largest lobsters in catch stock had 34mm and 112 mm carapace length, respectively. The smallest bred lobster had 55mm carapace length. Length class of 50 maturity was 64-69 mm and sex ratio in the cage catch for female in autumn and spring was 64% and 50%, respectively. The peak of spawning activity observed in spring. There were remarkable differences in specimen’ s size in autumn and spring. Based on results the length groups of lobster population had limited migration in different. The catch composition of cages was a sign of inefficiency of these tools in prevention of catch of small specimens. The results of length groups and sex ratio and comparison with past years showed that sex equilibrium in lobster population in Coast of Oman Sea was disturbed.

Organophosphorous pesticides are of the most widely used pesticides in all over the world. The main environmental effect of these pesticides is their effects on the non-target organisms. Aquatic organisms, especially fish are more affected to pesticide intoxication than others. In this research, the acute toxicity of four widely used organophosphate pesticides including Diazinon, Malathion, Chlorpyrifos, and Thrichlorophon were evaluated and compared in the native fish Barbus grypus. For this purpose, the OECD method was used to determine the acute toxicity of these pesticides in B. grypus. In case of any pesticide, 8 increasing concentrations were considered in 3 triplicates in similar tanks and 10 fish were added to each tank. Mortality were recorded daily until 96 hours, and results were analyzed by Probit software. Finally LC50 was determined for each pesticide after 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. Then the maximum acceptable concentration (MAC) of each pesticide was calculated. The results showed that the toxicity of evaluated pesticides in B. grypus were different (P<0. 05) as LC50 96 h for Diazinon, Malathion, Trichlorophon and Chlorpyrifos in native fish B. grypus were 6. 698, 0. 314, 16. 75, and 0. 052, respectively. Trichlorofon has the lowest toxicity among the four studied pesticides found in B. grypus and its MAC were 1. 675ppm, while the highest toxicity belong to Chlorpyrifos, and its MAC was 0. 0052ppm. In case of all Organophosphorous in pesticides used, increase in toxin concentration caused fish mortality and increasing duration of exposure to pesticides resulted in increasing mortality in B. grypus. As a general conclusion it can be stated that the use of Trichlorophone is the best organophosphorous pesticide which can be used in B. grypus. However, due to the high toxicity of Malathion and Chlorpyrifos, these two Organophosphorous pesticides should not be used not only in aquaculture, but also in agriculture. We propose the use of other pesticides such as Diazinon in agriculture as an alternative.

The Zyarat River which is the main source of surface water to supply water for city of Gorgan and surrounding areas has been confronted with potable water quality deterioration problem in the recent years. To recognize the strengths and weaknesses of water quality and opportunities and threats for its improvement the SWOT analysis has been conducted in this research. The results of this method have been used to identify the different zones of the Zyarat River with respect to pollutant potentials. To this end, five zones for pollutant potential (very low, low, moderate, high, and very high) have been considered. The results indicate that the maximum pollutant was measured in station 4 that is located in midsection of the Watershed in Zyarat Village. In contrast, the minimum pollutant value was measured in station 1, under the Zyarat waterfall in upper section of the watershed, and station 7, located in Gorgan city and lower section of the watershed, respectively. The most critical issue is inferior entry of sewage from rural and urban areas. The decision making process for reducing the pollutant potential of the Zyarat watershed can be facilitated by taking into consideration the results of this research given the time/budget constraints.

Genetic structure of golden mullet, Liza aurata, was investigated in the Ramsar and Fereidunkenar shores using 6 microsatellite markers designed for gray mullet (Mugil cephalus) and hand mullet (Mugil soiuy). Totally, 60 samples of adult golden mullet were collected from these regions. All primer sets as polymorphic loci were used to analyze the genetic variation. Analyses revealed that average of alleles (Na) per locus was 6. 2 (range 3 to 9 alleles). All sampled regions contained private alleles. The average estimates of inbreeding coefficient (Fis) values of 6 microsatellites were positive. The average observed and expected heterozygosis was 0. 394 and 0. 743 respectively. Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were in all cases (P<0. 001). F-statistics (Fst) and gene flow (Nm) estimates in allele frequencies were 0. 078 and 2. 9, respectively. Rst and Fst estimates in AMOVA indicated significant genetic differentiation among regions (P≤ 0. 01). Genetic distance was 0. 679, indicating that the genetic difference among the studied populations is pronounced. The data generated in this study provides the genetic variation and differentiation in populations of golden mullet in the southern Caspian sea (Mazandaran province).

Pike, Esox lusius is one of the most valuable commercial species that evaluated the genetic structure in Anzali wetland using microsatellite markers. A total of 60 specimens of adult pikes were sampled from two spawning seasons, winter and spring, in Anzali wetland. Five pairs of microsatellites, tested on the genomic DNA that all loci of microsatellite produced polymorphic bands as polymorphic loci were used to analyze the genetic variation of the pick. Analyses revealed that average of alleles per locus was 10. 8 (range 9 to 13 alleles). All sampled seasons contained private alleles. The average observed and expected heterozygosity was 0. 913 and 0. 883, respectively. The inbreeding coefficient values of five microsatellite loci were negative. With the exception of one loci in spring, all loci significantly deviated from H-W equilibrium (P<0. 01). Based on AMOVA, RST and FST values were significant between seasons (P<0. 01). The genetic distance between populations was 0. 442, which indicates that the genetic difference among the studied populations is pronounced. These results support the existence of different genetic populations in spawning seasons Anzali wetland.

In this research, serum ions such as Calcium (Ca2+), Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Phosphorus (P), and Magnesium (Mg2+) and metabolic indices (cholesterol, total protein, albumin and osmolarity) levels of 34 Acipenser persicus captured by trawling method in Guilan Province were studied in three weight groups including group 1 (<100g), group 2 (100 – 500 g) and group 3 (>500g) during 2009 – 2012. Results showed that Mg2+, Ca2+, K+ and P showed significant difference between different groups (P<0. 05), but Na+ showed no significant difference between them (P>0. 05). In group 1, Ca2+and Mg2+ ions were more than the other groups. There was no significant difference in osmolarity, cholesterol and albumin between different groups, but there was significant difference in total protein level in group 1 with group 2 (P<0. 05). Cholesterol and total protein levels were maximum at group 3, but albumin level was minimum at group 3. In group 1, fish were more sensitive than others to environmental conditions. Therefore, respecting to the relationship between ions and metabolic factors in growth, reproduction and osmoregulation in Acipenser persicus, results of this study can be used for investigation of health, diagnosis of pathogens and catch management of this species in the Caspian Sea.

With the emphasis on the role and importance of fish consumption on the health of consumers and its presentation, in this research were assessed behavior of consumers towards difference between wild and farmed fish (since of view: taste, price, Odor, Nutritional Value and etc. ) in Gorgan city. Method of research, sampling and tool of data collection were descriptivemeasurement, simple random and questionnaire, respectively. Statistic samples were 284 household of Gorgan city residents that questionnaire is completed for them. For description characteristics of cognitive population of descriptive statistic (frequency, mean and percentage frequency), and inferential statistical testing concluding ℵ 2-test to assess significant and hypothesis testing and finally accuracy and inaccuracy was tested by H0 and H1 hypothesis. The results of this research showed that all consumers have favorable idea into wild fish especially in taste, Odor and Nutritional Value, they also know wild fish better than farmed fish. And most of consumers know the difference between wild and farmed fish, but they do not recognize.