KNOWLEDGE & RESEARCH IN APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY
Year:2016 | Volume:17 | Issue:1 (63)|Papers Count:24

The purpose of the present correlational study was generally to develop an educational model based on multiple intelligences. The population consisted of all male students of the fourth and fifth grades at primary school in Qazvin (2013-2014). The sample included 359 male students who were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling method. Research instruments were Rosenberg's self-esteem scale (1965), Tennessee's self-concept scale (1964) and Abedi multiple intelligences scale (2009). Also, the mean of the student’s final scores was used to assess their academic achievement. The results of structural equation and multiple regression analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between naturalistic intelligence, intrapersonal intelligence, musical intelligence, logical-mathematical intelligence, self-concept and self-esteem with academic achievement. In addition, there was a significant relationship between naturalistic intelligence, intrapersonal intelligence, interpersonal intelligence, spatial intelligence, linguistic-verbal intelligence, self-concept with self-esteem. Moreover, intrapersonal intelligence direct and indirect effect on academic achievement and self-esteem is significant (Respectively P=0.001, P=0.04, P=0.02, P=0.003). Direct effect of intrapersonal intelligence on self-concept is significant (P=0.001), too. This information can be used to design educational programs and to enhance academic achievement of students based on multiple intelligences.

The main purpose of this research was to compare males/females and divorcing ones on sexual functioning. The research method was causal-comparative study (ex post facto) and the population comprised divorcing couples who referred to well-being health centers and family courts and normal couples in Isfahan. among them, 30 divorcing males, 30 normal males, 30 divorcing females and 30 normal females were slected through convenience sampling. The research instrument was Sexual Function Questionnaire (Rosen, et al, 2000). The data was analyzed by using Multivariate Analysis of Variance for both males and females separately (divorcing and normal). The results showed that there were significant differences in sexual desire, mental stimulation, orgasm, satisfaction and sexual pain, except in moist between divorcing males and normal males. Moreover, there were significant differences in mental stimulation, moist, orgasm, satisfaction and sexual pain, except in sexual desire between divorcing females and normal ones.

The present study aimed at investigating the effect of training parents and children for proper communication techniques on the magnitude of parent-child conflict. The research was a semi experimental, pretest- posttest with control group. The population composed of all girls in secondary schools of Ilam in 1392 among whom 180 students were selected by simple random sampling and the Conflict Behavior Questionnaire CBQ (Prinz, 1979) was administered to them. Then 48 students who had higher conflict scores with their parents were selected and assigned to the two experimental and control groups based on simple random sampling. Then, the experimental group was separately divided into triple groups (father, mother, and the student herself) and the control group (12 subjects) was assigned for all three groups (12 subjects). Each group participated in a 8-session training course. In the end, the post-test of the same Conflict Behavior Questionnaire CBQ (Prinz, 1979) was administered to both groups. The data were analyzed by covariance statistical analysis test and the findings showed that teaching proper communication techniques to parents and children, to a great extent, is influential in decreasing the intensity of conflict between parents and children. Also, there was a significant difference between the mean of the post-test scores of experimental and control groups implying that in the experimental groups the conflict has decreased considerably. (P<0.001(

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of schema therapy on academic motivation amongst high school female students in Kermanshah. It was a semi-experimental and pretest, post-test design with control group. The population is all female first grade high school students in Kermanshah in 2015. For so doing, 30 students were selected through cluster sampling method and assigned in 2 groups (experimental and control) randomly. The experimental group received schema therapy training in 8 sessions. The research instruments inculde Vallerand, Blaise, Breier & Pelletier Academic Motivation Scale (1989). The data were analyzed through MANCOVA. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of academic motivation and its components (P<0.05). Schema therapy is effective in increasing academic motivation of female students.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of compassion-based therapy on depression and self criticism of female students. This study employed a semi-experimental method and used a pre-test, post-test and follow up design with experimental and control groups. The population included all female students of university of Farhangian in Ahvaz in 2014 (1393-94s.c.). From among 200 students who were registered to participate in the study, 40 students who had received one standard deviation above the mean in the test of depression, were selected randomly and assigned in the experimental (20 students) and control (students) groups. The tools of this study were Beck Depression Inventory (Beck, et al, 1996) and Levels of Self-Criticism Scale (Thompson, 2004). The experimental group received 8 sessions of the compassion-based therapy. The analysis of covariance showed that compassion-based therapy decreased students’ depression and self criticism (internalizing self-criticism and comparative selfcriticism). (P<0.0001). These results significantly persisted after follow-up period. It was then concluded that compassion-based therapy can be used by psychologist as a new and effective method to decrease depression and female students’ self-criticism.

This research aimed to study the effect of imago therapy on increasing the levels of marital intimacy. It followed a quasi experimental design with a post test-pretest and a control group. The population consisted of all referring couples to Green Path Clinic in district 3 of Tehran. From among them 30 couples, who were low in marital intimacy according to Bagarozzi questionnaire (Bagarozzi, 2001), were sampled and randomly assigned to two experimental and a control groups. For six 45- minute sessions they were taught imago therapy. Using ANCOVA the data showed that imago therapy training motivates the levels of marital intimacy as well as sentimental (romantic), psychological, sexual, intellectual and spiritual intimacies to enhance (P<0.01) and (P<0.05). It can be concluded, then, that since imago therapy training draws upon decent communication patterns and minimizes destructive models of communication it can increase intimacy in marriage.

This survey aimed to study the impact of human virtues positive thinking on social trust among Isfahan citizens. The population includes all people aged 18 and above residing in Isfahan. According to the 1390 census, they were 17,910,609 people from whom 388 were chosen by quota sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire on human virtues positive thinking was the data collection instrument and a correlation analysis was used to analyze the data. The results of the study showed that human virtues positive thinking had direct and positive impacts (0.69) on social trust. In line with this general index, the impact of every single factor of human virtues was tested upon social trust and equity turned out to be the most effective (0.51), among others. Courage and self-lnowledge at the same level were less effective (0.22) on social trust compared to other factors. In general, all factors had significant impact (sig =0.0001) on social trust.

The aim of this intervention study was to investigate the effect of emotional self-regulation based on communication patterns of couples in Isfahan. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest in two groups with a control group. The population included all couples having communication difficulties within 25-50 age range in 2013. The sample consisted of 18 couples and was selected by sampling method. Then, couples were randomly assigned to two groups: control (9 couples) and experimental (9 couples). Members of both groups took part in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up and completed Communication Patterns Questionnaire (Christiansen, 1984). Data were analyzed using multivariate variance analysis. The results showed that emotional self-regulation based intervention had a significant effect (P<0.05) on all three communication models namely constructive, demand /withdraw and mutual avoidance. So, having emotional self-regulation skills and effective communication patterns between the couple can bring them functional communication patterns and remarkably reduce tension, conflict and destructive relationship.

The purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of career counseling based on Cochran's narrative approach on the blind college students' career adaptability. This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design and a control group. The population included all blind students of University of Isfahan and Azad University of Khorasgan in 2013-2014. Then, 30 blind students were selected through available sampling and were randomly placed into two experimental and control groups. Experimental group received career counseling based on Cochran’s narrative approach that involved seven sessions, lasting three hours each. Data were gathered by using Career Adaptability Scale (Savickas & Porfeli, 2012) and analyzed by covariance test. The results showed that this counseling intervention had significant effect on the dimension of concern, control and curiosity (P<0.01). However, it had no significant effect on confidence dimension (P<0.05). Generally, the results revealed that career counseling based on Cochran's narrative approach has infuence on the blind college students' career adaptability.

The aim of this quasi experimental study was to investigate the effectiveness of mother’s behavior modification on the degree of unpleasant behavior of children who suffer from hyperactive disorder and deficit attention. The population comprised all referring mothers to Sina Health Center with children from 6 to12 suffering from hyperactive disorder in Dezful. The sample consisted of 24 mothers who were selected by access sampling method. Participants were randomly divided and grouped in control and experimental groups (12 each). The instrument was the revised version of Conner’s test. At first, a pre-test was administrated to both groups and then the experimental group received 10 training sessions. After receiving treatment both groups received a post-test. Research outcomes were analyzed by using Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The results showed that conduct disorder and also children’s hyperactivity were significantly improved (P<0.05), but in subscales of attention reduction and cognitive/ attentive problems, there were not significant changes.

This study aimed at predicting social adjustment and social desirability based on attachment styles among 10-12 year-old elementary students. The research design was correlational. The population included all 10-12 year-old elementary school female students in Tehran in 1393. In so doing, 205 students were selected through multi-stage random cluster sampling. The instruments were Attachment Scale in Middle Childhood Questionnaire (Ronaghi & et al, 1392), Matson Evaluation of Social Skills (1983) and Social Acceptance Test (Ford & Robin, 1970) in children. Data were analyzed by simultaneous regression analysis. The results showed that attachment styles could predict social adjustment and social desirability of students significantly (P˂0.05), (P˂0.001).

The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the relationship between personality traits and mental health among female students in regular and gifted schools in 2010 in Abadeh. The population was 480 students and the research method was a descriptive survey. For this purpose, 100 students from the regular and 100 students from the gifted high school were selected by using random sampling. Personality characteristics were measured by Personality Inventory for Adolescents (Eysenck, 1990), and Goldberg Mental Health Questionnaire was used to assess the mental health. Data analysis based on multivariate analysis of variance and Pearson correlation coefficient showed that, there were significant differences between gifted and regular students in personality characteristics of neuroticism and lying (P<0.001) and significant difference appeared between mental health and all its levels except social functioning (P<0.05). The correlation coefficient between neuroticism, aggressiveness and lying with mental health was significant in the gifted students. Also the correlation coefficient between aggressiveness and lying with mental health (r=-0.4) was significant in the regular students. The present study showed that lying and neuroticism, among regular school students were more than gifted school students. Moreover, gifted students had higher mental health in the subscales of physical symptoms and depression. So, gifted students had less anxiety/worry and a better, more effective style to solve the problems of life.