Researcher Bulletin of Medical Sciences
Year:2011 | Volume:16 | Issue:4 (82)|Papers Count:9

Background and Aim: It seems that vitamin-mineral supplementation reduce exercise-induced oxidative stress. However, the adaptation occurred after vitamin-mineral supplementation, especially in pubertal, age is not clear yet. Therefore this study is aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin-mineral supplementation on anti-oxidant enzymes, Malone Dialdehyde (MDA), and performance in young elite swimmers in pubertal age.Materials and Methods: Twenty-four female elite swimmers (12.93 1.22) volunteered to participate in this study and were randomly divide into two groups: vitamin-mineral supplemented (N=12) and control (N=12) groups. Both groups participated in a monthly swimming program (they trained three times a week for a total of four weeks). They swam almost 3.5 to 4 km/day Blood sampling was done before and after training period to assess anti oxidant enzymes.100 m crawl records were measured at the beginning and at the end of training period. Independent t test and paired sample t test were used to analyze the data.Results: Antioxidant enzymes increased in vitamin-mineral supplemented group but this increase was only significant in superoxide dismutase (p<0.04). In control groups, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) significantly decreased (p<0.01). In between-groups comparison, superoxide dismutase (p<0.04) and GSH-Px (p<0.002) had a significant change at the end of the period. No significant change was observed in MDA and swimming performance in both groups.Conclusion: Vitamin/mineral supplementation especially during heavy swimming training was found to improve some antioxidant enzymes performance during pubertal age that can be considered by coaches in high level.

Background and Aim: Given the increasing prevalence of obesity in Iran and worldwide and its related complications and diseases, identification of effective methods reducing its risk factors and complications in obese persons, could have important clinical applications. Hence, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of three month progressive resistance training on serum levels of leptin and interleukin-6 in obese men.Materials and Methods: In a Quazi experimental trial, 20 obese men (BMI ³30, 18-32 years) were selected from volunteer subjects and randomly assigned into two groups, resistance training (n=10) and control (n=10) groups. The experimental subjects performed a progressive resistance training program included eight resistance exercises, three times a week for three month. At baseline and after last training session, 5 mL blood samples were taken from antecubital vein of all subjects after 12-14 hours fasting state. Serum levels of leptin and interleukin-6 were assayed pre-training and 48 hours after the last training session. Statistical analysis was performed using paired and independent t-test, at p<0.05 significance level.Results: After three month resistance training, the serum leptin levels (from 21.23±4.86 ng/dl to 16.21±5.36 ng/dl; p=0.007) and interleukin-6 levels (from 8.53±0.29 to 5.32±0.81 pg/ml, p=0.0004) significantly decreased in the training group, while leptin (from 19.91±6.91 ng/dl to 20.31±7.39 ng/dl; p=0.463) and interleukin-6 (from 9.51±0.62 pg/dl to 9.61±0.67 pg/dl; p=0.641) remained unchanged in control subjects at the same time.Conclusion: The results of the study showed that long-term resistance training significantly reduces the serum levels of leptin and interlukine-6. Therefore, it is suggested that these trainings could be an effective and low-cost therapeutic method to control the percentage of fat and body composition in obese young men. According to this view, obese men are recommended to perform regular resistance training.

Background and Aim: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurobehavioral disorder that affects the educational, social and familial functions of children. ADHD has many comorbid psychiatric disorders which increase the future problems in these children. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of comorbid psychiatric disorders on the response to Methylphenidate in children with ADHD.Materials and Methods: This study was a descriptive research in the first step and a clinical trial, in the second step. Fifty children with ADHD (aged 6 to 12) referred to child psychiatry clinic of Sheikh Hospital were recruited in the study through consecutive sampling. The diagnosis of ADHD and comorbid psychiatric disorders were made by a board certified child psychiatrist based on DSM-IV-TR criteria via the clinical interview and Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS). After obtaining informed consent from mothers Methylphenidate was started based on their age and weight and continued for four weeks. ADHD Rating Scale was completed by mothers before starting the medication and after four weeks. The level of improvement and treatment response was estimated based on test results and clinical judgment of psychiatrist. Statistical analysis was done by McNemar and chi square tests using SPSS version 19.Results: 60% of total 50 patients with the disorder had a good response to treatment. 72% of children with ADHD had at least one comorbid psychiatric disorder. The most common comorbidities were: Anxiety disorders in 58%, Disruptive behavior disorders in 54%, Tic disorders in 12 % and elimination disorders in 10% of children. Children with ADHD without any comorbidity had better treatment response than children with comorbidities (p<0.05). In evaluation of treatment response in each comorbidities, there were significant differences between children with good and poor response in anxiety and disruptive behavior disorders (p<0.05). These differences were not significant in tic and elimination disorders (p>0.05). Regarding treatment response, there was no significant difference between age, sex, and subtype of ADHD in children with and without comorbidities (p>0.05).Conclusion: Presence of ADHD psychiatric comorbidities leads to changes in response to Methylphenidate and reduces the treatment response. Response to this treatment may be related to the type of comorbidities.

Background and Aim: Attendance in pre-marital education and counseling program may be the couple’s first encounter with the health care system. Their perception and satisfaction of this program would play critical role in further use of health services. The purpose of this study was to identify the quality gap of pre-marital education and counseling program from viewpoint of couples referring to premarital counseling centers of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2010.Materials and Methods: In a descriptive cross-sectional study, a total of 1200 couples attending in premarital counseling centers were selected with non random sampling method and studied using SERVQUAL questionnaire. Data were analyzed with Wilcoxon, independent t-test, analysis of variance, and Tukey tests using SPSS version 18.Results: The mean age of couples was 25.5±4.8 years, 65.8% of subjects were women and 34.2% were men. 56.5% of the couples had high school diploma or higher. There was negative service quality gap (-0.1) between expected and received services. The most service quality gap was in assurance dimension (-0.23) and the least was in empathy dimension (-0.04). There was no significant difference between gap score mean, gender, and history of participation in premarital counseling classes, but there was significant difference in gap score between different education levels (p>0.001).Conclusion: Regarding to negative gap between received and expected service; health care system should consider the couples’ expectation to improve the quality of premarital education and counseling program.

Background and Aim: Allocation of limited resources to research proposals with high priority helps achievement of acceptable level of health. Therefore, priority setting in research centers is a necessary action. The objective of this study is to report the research priorities of the Cardiovascular Research Center of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2009.Materials and Methods: This study involved 48 faculty members and other stakeholders in 2009. There were five basic principles including stakeholders’ participation and consensus, situation analysis, need assessment, defining research priority topics, and scoring the criteria. This is a modified version of the proposed model of The Council on Health Research for Development (COHRED).Results: Twenty diseases were determined as research priorities of the cardiovascular research center of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. These priorities included myocardial infarction, hypertension, unstable angina, atherosclerosis, dyslipidemia, heart failure, stable angina, metabolic syndrome, coronary bypass complications, pulmonary embolism, heart valve diseases, prevention of deep vein thrombosis, rheumatic fever, cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrhythmia, cardiac arrest and sudden cardiac death, Peripheral vascular disease, syncope, angioplasty and valvuloplasty, cardiovascular diseases: epidemiology, etiology, risk factors, prevention, rehabilitation, socioeconomic factors, knowledge, attitude, and practice to risk factors and prevention.Conclusion: Providing researchers with a list of research priorities and commitment to it, conduct research topics toward priorities and consequently the most productivity is achieved from the limited resources.

Background and Aim: Despite the high incidence of wrist diseases and general use of commercial wrist orthoses, there is not precise information concerning the extent of immobility that these orthoses provide. Thus this study aimed to investigate and compare the range of motion (ROM) achieved from four common commercial orthoses in normal subjects.Materials and Methods: Forty students from Rehabilitation faculty of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical sciences (22 females and 18 males) aged 19-25 years, with normal range of motion, and no history of injury or pain in the right wrist participated in this study. The ROM of the right wrist was measured by electrogoniometer. Then different commercial orthoses (Teknotan, Teb o sanat, LP and OPPO) were worn in random order. Then the subjects were asked to move their wrist in flexion and extension direction as much as possible. Each movement was repeated for three times. Sixty seconds rest time was applied between each successive orthosis. Data analysis performed using repeated-measure ANOVA test.Results: Data analysis showed that the mean range of flexion (p=0.001) and extension (p<0.001) were significantly different among four orthoses. Bonferroni test showed that OPPO orthosis (40±10) permitted significantly less flexion in comparison with Teb o sanat and Tecnotan (p=0.003 and p=0.02, respectively). Teb o Sanat orthosis (52±10) permitted significantly less extension in comparison with LP and Tecnotan (p=0.001and p=0.006, respectively).Conclusion: The results showed that none of these commercial orthosis immobilized the wrist. Therefore, specifications of the orthosis and the fitting of the orthosis with hand should be considered by the prescribers.

Background and Aim: Functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) results from left ventricular remodeling, anterior leaflet tethering or tenting. Coronary artery disease is one of the important causes of FMR due to tethering. Detection of FMR and its severity is one of important factors in patient prognosis. There are different methods for detection of FMR and its severity, including anterior mitral leaflet concavity area (AMLCA).Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study 32 patients were selected, 19 of them were male with three vessel disease (3VD) and were candidate for coronary bypass graft surgery (CABG) with or without mitral valve surgery. They had FMR in ventriculography. Anterior mitral leaflet concavity area (AMLCA) was determined by long axis view (LAX) of transthorasic echocardiography (TTE). Relation between severity of MR and AMLCA determined with Spearman's correlation coefficient and according to Roc curve study cut-off point was 0.1 cm2. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Version 15.Results: In studied patients, AMLCA were 0.1-0.43 cm2 in transthorasic echocardiography (cut-off point was 0.1 cm2). A strong correlation was seen between AMLCA and FMR severity with LAX view of TTE (r=0.89). Relation between FMR and AMLCA was a simple linear relationship.Conclusion: The results showed that AMILCA in the parasternal LAX view provides rapid and reliable diagnosis of FMR due to coronary artery disease and is quantitatively related to the severity of MR. In this regard, further studies with more subjects are recommended.

Background and Aim: Due to referring of patients with neurological claudication and the importance of treatment results in these patients, limited information about its results, and importance of this information, and to determine the results of laminectomy in patients with neurological claudication according to Neurogenic Claudication Outcome Score (NCOS), this study was conducted in patients of several hospitals during 2009-2011.Materials and Methods: This study was performed using Case Series method. All patients with neurological claudication diagnosis who had laminectomy surgery, were studied. Patients had been treated for at least three, were recalled and the results of treatment were evaluated based on NCOS scoring and 20 rating increase in the scale after the operation was considered as successful laminectomy and role of factors associated with success or failure was determined by regression analysis. Patients’ satisfaction was also evaluated.Results: study on 84 eligible patients was performed during two years. Patients’ aged 61±11 (30 to 84 years) and patients were followed for least one year. Average changes of NCOS score, before and after surgery was 42/71±18/75. A significant difference was found between before and after surgery NCOS. (p<0.0001). Regression analysis showed that higher rank of NCOS before surgery, age, and gender affects the prognosis of treatment (p<0.0001). 90.47% of patients were satisfied with the surgery.Conclusion: Laminectomy for patients with neurological claudication is useful and effective and recommended. It appears that NCOS parameters before surgery, age, and gender affect prognosis of laminectomy result. Therefore, more Analytical Research in this area is recommended.