Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Year:2017 | Volume:19 | Issue:1|Papers Count:8

Background: Microcin E492 is a low molecular weight channel-forming microbial toxin that is produced by some Klebsiella pneumoniaestrains. This peptide is active in some strains of Enterobacteriaceae family, and it has different applications in medicine.Objectives: The present descriptive analytical study was carried out to determine the presence of Klebsiella pneumoniae with geneencoding Microcin E492 in clinical specimens isolated from patients registered in two hospitals in Isfahan, Iran.Methods: In this interventional-descriptive study, 45 clinical specimens including 20 urine clinical specimens, 10 respiratory tractclinical specimens and 15 burn wounds specimens were selected from Al-Zahra and Imam Musa Kazem hospitals in Isfahan duringthe year 2013. TotalDNAwas extracted from clinical specimens and hot start PCR was optimized using specific primers for the amplificationof the complete sequence of E492 gene. Fidelity of PCR products was confirmed by direct sequencing. Homology analysiswas performed by application of BLAST serve. The data were analyzed with Chromasv2.1.1 software.Results: In forty-five collected clinical specimens (20 urine clinical specimens, 10 respiratory tractclinical specimens and 15 burnwounds specimens), 20 samples (44.4%) were screened with Klebsiella pneumoniae contamination. PCR analysis was showed presenceof E492 gene in 40% (8 samples) of contaminated clinical specimens.Conclusions: About 40% of the clinical specimens collected from Isfahan hospitals contaminated with Klebsiella pneumoniae hadmicrocin E492 gene. These types of microcins are low molecular weight antibiotic peptides produced by Enterobacteriaceae with awide range of antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria. This property can be useful for antibacterial trials. Existence ofmicrocin gene in Enterobacteriaceae can develop them into a dominant microbial flora in human body internal environment.

Background: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is a kind of disorder that may lead to interpersonal, emotional, educationaland domestic problems. Moreover, it may lead to high-risk behaviors among teenagers and this area of research is now a focus ofattention for many researchers in order to find solution for its treatment and prevention.Objectives: The aim of present study was to determine the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy on the decrease of high riskbehaviors among students suffering from attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Methods: This research was done experimentally and through designing pre-test and post-test and using control group. Researchpopulation included all male third-grade high school students suffering from attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (case study: Ardabil city, 2015). Research sample included 40 male students suffering from attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder who wereselected through multi-step cluster samplingandclassified intotwogroups: experimentalgroup (n=20subjects) andcontrolgroup(n=20 subjects). For data collection we used Iranian teenage risk-taking scale, Conner’s Adult ADHD Rating Scale- Self report formand Subscale and diagnostic interview based onDSM-5. The data were analyzed by univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) modelin the SPSS software version 22.Results: The results of univariate analysis of covariance showed that dialectical behavior therapy had been effective in decreasinghigh-risk behaviors (P<0.001). The data analysis had showed that there was a significant difference between high-risk behaviors ofcontrol and experiment groups in the post-test.Conclusions: According to the findings training dialectical behavior is effective in controlling emotional behavior and in regulationof emotions; therefore, along with other therapeutic methods we can use this approach as an effective way to decrease psychologicaland behavioral problems mainly high risk behaviors of teenagers suffering from attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Background: Preeclampsia is a relativelycommonpregnancy disorder that originates in the placenta and causes variable maternaland fetal complications.Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate risk factors of preeclampsia based on severity.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study which was conducted on 448 participants (330 normal pregnant, 77mild and 91severepreeclamptic women). Inclusion Criteria were age 15 - 44 years and 20 - 24 weeks of gestation. The data collection form consistedof the kind of pregnancy (normal, mild or sever preeclampsia), BP, U/A, other library tests, demo graphic information, history ofobstetrics and diseases. The data were analyzed by ANOVA, POST HOC test (tukey HSD), Chi-square and logistic regression using SPSSversion 16.Results: Finding showed themeanage in the severe preeclampsia group and themeanBMI in mild and severe preeclampticwomenwere significantly higher than normal group. Also there was significant relationship between preeclampsia and age, BMI, RH, historyof abortion, preeclampsia and chronic hypertension. Logistic regression analysis showed that respectively the negativeRHandhistory of preeclampsia increased the risk of severe preeclampsia.Conclusions: Based on results, chronic hypertension, history of abortion and BMI had been indicated as risk factors of mildpreeclampsia and history of preeclampsia had been obtained as the risk factors of severe type. Also, negative RH was the commonrisk factor for mild and severe types. Therefore, our result support different risk factors for subtypes of preeclampsia.

Background: Shivering is a frequent phenomenon in postoperative period. Post spinal shivering causes a major distress for patientsand may induce some complications. Investigations to control shivering could not mange it completely.Objectives: The aim of this randomized single-blind study was to investigate how much the high dose (50 g) of intrathecallyadministered fentanyl would influence the incidence and severity of shivering in patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy.Methods: In this prospective clinical trial, seventy healthy patients scheduled for abdominal hysterectomy under spinal anesthesiausing 75 mg of hyperbaric 5% lidocaine were randomly allocated to receive an additional 50 g (1 mL) of fentanyl intrathecally(group F) or normal saline 1 mL (groups).Then the level of shivering was measured with crossly and mahajon scale and analyzedwith chi-square test using SPSS version 17 software.Results: The incidence of shivering up to two hours after spinal anesthesia was 13 from 35 patients (37.2 %) in group F, and 27 from 35patients (77.2%) in group S. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). The shivering score was significantly lower in groupF. There was no difference in the incidence of pharmacologic side effects.Conclusions: Addition of 50 g fentanyl to 75mgof hyperbaric 5% lidocaine intrathecally can reduce the incidence and severity ofshivering in patients who receive abdominal hysterectomy without increasing other side effects.

Background: Acinetobacter baumannii is a significant nosocomial pathogen around the world, especially in the intensive care unitthat most A. baumannii infections are caused by the outbreak strains.Objectives: This study has been performed in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates, aimed to detect integron classes I, II, III and moleculartyping of A. baumannii genes.Methods: In this Cross-sectional study, Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from 150 patients in Isfahan hospitals then antibiotic resistancepattern was determined by disk diffusion method (Kirby Bauer). The presence of genes coding in antibiotic resistance andintegrons class I, II, III were analyzed by using of M-PCR method. The data were analyzed by Chi-square, Fischer’s test and SPSS statisticalsoftware version 16.Results: Antibiotic resistance pattern for Acinetobacter baumanniishowthat the high resistancewasfor ciprofloxacin with frequencyof 98.3%, ceftazidime with 89.4%, and tetracycline with frequency of 87.3%. The most sensitive antibiotics were chloramphenicol, andnitrofurantoin with frequency of 3.5% and 3.2% resistance. The detection of dfrA1 (63.7%), sul1 (68.6%), aac (3) -IV (54.4%), tet (B) (22.4%), tet (A) (78.3%), aadA1 (15.4%), CITM (17. %), vim (12.2%), Qnr (17.1%), blaSHV (19.8%), sim (7.8%), Oxa-24-like (13.2%), Oxa-51-like (11.9%), Oxa-58-like (39.4%), Oxa-23-like (12.6%), imp (9.2%), cmlA (19%) and cat1 (8.6%) were respectively reported too. Also in this study Frequency ofintegrons class 1, 2, 3 were (100%), (28%), (6.6%) respectively.Conclusions: High prevalence of integrons among Acinetobater baumannii isolated from Isfahan hospitals indicate the importancerole of integron classes in multidrug resistance. Considering the increasing pattern of MDRinfections is one of the important issuesof treatment which can be effective strategy for curing.

Background: Nosocomial infections are one of the health problems of modern societies, which are rising with unusual organisms.Acintobacter, which is the main cause of nosocomial infections such as pneumonia and nosocomial pneumonia, is caused bymechanical ventilation. Acinetobacter species are becoming resistant to antibiotics. One the most important agent of nosocomialinfections with high mortality is infections by Acinetobacter baumannii which is Gram- negative opportunistic Coccobacilli. Treatmentin these infections is difficult and sometimes impossible, due to multidrug resistance in strains isolated from nosocomialinfections.Objectives: The aim of the current study was to evaluate antibiotic resistance in A. baumannii isolates Khatam-Al-Anbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran.Methods: In this cross-sectional study 100 of Acintobacter baumannii were isolated from hospitalized patients during 2013-2015 inKhatam-Al-Anbia hospital in Tehran. In this study samples of A. baumannii isolated from trachea, blood, urine, sputum and woundsamples of patients bedridden in Intensive care unit (ICU) wards. Antimicrobial susceptibility and minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) were determined by E-test methods. We used descriptive statistics to analyze the data by using SPSS 21 software.Results: A total of 100 A. baumannii were isolated from clinical samples. The organism was resistant to rifampicin (46%), gentamicin(67%), meropenem (100%), piperacilin (98%), colistin (0%), and ceftazidin (96%).Conclusions: The antibiotic resistance against most of the antibiotics especially meropenem is very high in this study. Moreover, colistin was most effective antibiotic to be used in A. baumannii infections. Colistin is the best choices for treatment of Acinetobacter.

Background: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are one of the most widely applicable particles whose application is increasing in Nanoworld daily. Silver nanoparticles have expressed significant advances owing to wide range of applications in the field of bio-medical, sensors, antimicrobials, catalysts, electronics, optical fibers, agricultural, bio-labelingandthe other areas. Green synthesis is the safeand easiest method of producing silver nanoparticles. Because of the production of the silver ions, silver nanoparticles are foundto have the antibacterial activity.Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized by using extracts ofHedera helix against Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae.Methods: In this experimental study AgNPs were prepared by the reaction of 1mM silver nitrate and extracts of Hedera helix. Antibacterialactivity of AgNPs was assessed by using disc diffusion method against Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae. TheAgNPs were characterized by UV-visible (vis) spectrophotometer, particle size analyzer by dynamic light scattering (DLS) method, transmission electron microscopy (TEM).Results: AgNPs obtained showed significantly higher antimicrobial activities against B. subtilis and K. pneumonia in comparison toboth AgNO3 and raw plant extracts.Conclusions: Biological methods are a good competent for the chemical procedures, which are environment friendly and convenient.

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common gastrointestinal disorder that have considerable psychologicalfeatures.Objectives: This researchaimedto determine theefficacyof dialecticalbehavioral therapyonstress, resilienceandcoping strategiesof IBS patients.Methods: The study was quasi-experimental that including two intervention and control groups. Fifty-two IBS patients who metthis diagnosis- according the Rome III criteria- were selected and assigned to two experimental and control groups with 26 IBS patientsin each group. The dialectical behavioral therapy-according to Moonshine s manual- was conducted in 8 weekly sessions ina gastroenterology clinic in Isfahan. The questionnaires of stress, resilience and coping strategies were completed as the pretest, post-test and follow-up. Data were analyzed with SPSS.20.Results: Results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that dialectical behavioral therapy had a significant effect in reductionof post-test mean scores of emotional coping strategies (P<0.05), and there was an acceptable effect size for all variables (exceptavoidance strategies).Conclusions: Dialectical behavioral therapy could be useful to improvement of psychological status of IBS patients, but it needslonger therapeutic period for more persistent effects.