DIDACTIC LITERATURE REVIEW (PERSIAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE REVIEW)
Year:2012 | Volume:3 | Issue:12|Papers Count:8

This article aims to describe educational attributes of Qabus Name and its importance in practical wisdom and then a comparison is made between this work and Jean-Jacques Rousseau's vtes and thoughts in Emile. The importance and necessity of the subject is due to the fact that Rousseau’s educational votes in Emile are the source of educational and psychological sciences. Therefore, Qabus Name which is a rich source of educational and moral subjects can be used in the issues of educational and psychological knowledge as well. This comparison shows similar and different points of view and at the same time represents that the Onsor Al Maali's work is expressed in form of advices and Rousseau's book puts forward educational instructions in form of prescription and mandate. Thus Qabus Name is more comprehensive and practical.

Among various genres of epic, lyrical and dramatic literature, there is didactic literature which is very important and dates back to ancient times. Didactc literature is a bright sky that shines in the literary generes. Persian poets have tried to give advice and wisdom in their poems after the fourth century AH. Kasaee Marvzi and NaserKhosrow are among these poets. Ferdousi has also shown abundant attention to wisdom and sermons and after him AsadiTusi has brought religious, ethical, social teachings as well as contrivance, and civilization policy in Garshasbnameh, an epic text. In Garshasbnameh the number of wisdom and advice poems (didactic literature) is more outstanding than other ones such as epics, myth, and the combat of champions like Garshasb and Nariman, or the wonders of the land and sea. The present study attempts to show the didactic aspect of Garshasbnameh, as well as epic and myth aspects which are important and should be discussed. AsadiTusi has expressed some pieces of advices which they were under the influence of religious and advisory education of Islam. He has also elaborated on cultural heritage of ancient Iran which is proponent in his advices.

Although researches about Sa'adi in recent years have been increased, there are still potential for researching in this field. The study of common contents and semantic approximations especially in the field of moral teachings in Golestan and Boostan are among items that have been neglected. Recognizing the didactic thoughts of Saadi, expressing one thought in different ways and appreciation of Boostan and Golestan are among objectives of the present research. The method of research is descriptive and the gathering data have done with the help of content analysis through library research and browsing documents have been analyzed. The result showed unlike the views of many researches, both books of Golestan and Boostan follow similar trend of thoughts which at the first glance is unseen from readers because Saadi has used different vocabularies and put them in artistic way in different part of two books.

The seventh century is a period in which the terror of Mongol has destroyed everything. Mollana in Balkh, Amir Khosro Dehlavi in India and Sa'adi in Shiraz came into arena of literature. Their language is Persian and their aspiration is the holy speech of Koran. Undoubtedly, Saadi is one of the basic pillars of the Persian literature which the manifestation of his prose and verses is the ornament of today's present culture. Sa'adi's Golestan and Boostan are full of moral advices, style of living, and practical wisdom. The lyrics of the poet also contain philosophical, praise and lovely verses that interwoven with moral subjects. The art of Sa'adi writings along with these moral contents and mystical thoughts and delicate points of wisdom increase the value of his works. The necessity of recognition of moral world view of Sa'adi from one hand and the explanation of quality and quantity of approaches in Golestan and Boostan on the other hand, which in the previous researches have paid less attention, are among objective of the present research. This research attempts to analyze the position of morality and education in Sa'adi poetry, ideal society, and Sa'adi's world view from moral point of view. This analysis is along with introduction about morals and its psychological approaches, moral philosophy and sciences related to it.

Attar, the famous and competent Persian poet, has taught the complex mystical and moral contents through fluent and easy language in his Mathnavi. His language is full of mysticism, wisdom, good artistic taste and deep philosophical religion. The study of long poems of Attar from perspective of different literary genres shows that these poems contain all different genres and different poetical contents; however, all these genres and contents haven’t similar function. A considerable part of his long poems allocates to didactic poetry, in fact the dominant content in his works is education according to formalist theory. Therefore, the present article attempts to study didactic poetry and determines its position in Attar's Mathnavi.

Saadi, the lord of the Persian lyrics, has expressed the deepest feeling of human with the axis of love and friendship in such way that no other poets can compete with him. These lyrics due to Sa'adi's trend to moral deeds, humanity, good behaviors which in Golestan, Boostan, and Sermons have received much attention, contain moral approaches. The present article shows some traces of moral trends in Saadi's lyrics and put emphasis on the point that moral in Sa'adi's works is based on love and friendship and love itself is based on moral and humanity. Therefore, Sa'adi has succeeded in receiving the attention of people with the help of lovely contents around moral teaching.

The aim of authors of this paper is to introduce some of the common conents of the Persian and Arabic literature under the shadow of didactic literature. The basis of the work is an Arabic collection named “Majmooat ol maani”. The author of this collection is Unknown but Abdossalam Mohammad Haroon has rectified it. The 6th part of this book contains many distiches about the irrationality, foolishness and longing of man. In this paper, after translating each distich, the authors have brought anecdotes, distiches and verses from Persian and Arabic literature to show the similarity of thoughts, words, contents and sometimes the paradox of contents have been investigated.

“Shahname” is one of the early masterpieces of didactic literature which focuses on teaching humane qualities through moral, religious and wisdom themes. One of these teachings is friendship and peace-lovingness which has been dealt with in Shahname in both personal and social levels. The status of kindness, best friend, ways of making new friends, friendship conditions, how to strengthen friendship relation and even the friendship outcomes have been posed by Ferdosi in Shahname. He tells us about innovative recommendations and solutions which are humane and universal teachings and belongs to all eras and times.