DIDACTIC LITERATURE REVIEW (PERSIAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE REVIEW)
Year:2012 | Volume:4 | Issue:15|Papers Count:10

Mysticism has always played an important role in the proliferation of didactic literature. The value of staying away from the word, instability and transient nature of the world and its grief, avoiding immoralities and taking virtues are all the common issues in mysticism and didactic literature. The Hadiqat al Haqiqa is the first spiritual lyric that has been composed for teaching of spiritual, religious and moral issues. Sanaee is the first poet who has made use of anecdote and parable for moral and mystical behaviors. He has been a model for subsequent poets in this respect. This article tries to investigate the different didacticand moral concepts in Hadiqat al Haqiqa and show the outstanding role of anecdotes and parables.

The phenomenon of death is one of the most mysterious issues related to humanity. No one has been and will be able to decipher the mystery of death through wisdom. The intellectuals of various disciplines have attempted to define and describe it in any way or any form of expression, but have gained little success in this regard.One of these intellectuals is Mawlana Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Balkhi (Rumi) who has frequently addressed this issue in Masnavi in a meticulous and leading manner. He has raised issues about the nature of death, the types of death, the wisdoms of death, lessons learned from death, fear of death, indicating death, etc. Using allegorical expressions, Mowlavi has made the audiences of Mathnavi familiar with death which signifies his special attention to the topic in the area of “Thinking of Death”.The present study is an attempt to find out Rumi's viewpoints through his layers of expression and deep and creative contemplations of his poetry by reflecting on Mathnavi, in addition to that, the current study is also aimed at present presenting the wisdoms of death in the teachings of Mathnavi.

The philosophy of Education can be supposed as an independent discipline that studies the relationship between education and other disciplines of human studies, educational methods and the way of dealing with the problems of education. Concerning education, we cannot discuss just about a single fundamental because education is divided into different basics such as physiology, sociology theology, anthropology and the like. Evaluation of different education methods and its comparison with Persian literature have been studied in this research. All Persian literature texts can be comparing to education methods. This research will discuss about, definition of education, from the perspective of Quran, different kinds of Quran education language and also relationship between the language of Quran and education. Also, the methods of education and its comparison to philosophy styles and Persian literature have been studied in this research.

Literature is valuable source for learning information and skills and achieving knowledge about the person himself, others and phenomena of the universe. Meanwhile didactic type is the most important and basic literary genre in literature history of Iran which has been common since formation of Persian literature. The aim of this thesis is not only reminding functions of literature in contemporary era via descriptive-analytical method, but also studying the didactic literature with respect to its function and expressing the features of training via literature. Finally it shows that this type is extended by form, contents and type. This research may shows the position of didactic literature as a art and cultural phenomena in literature work pieces and determine what are these genres for. This research also shows didactic literature has cognitive, verbal, skills and cultural functions and can be seen in various fields such as Children, Public and Internet literature, also in forms of novel, short story, minimalist story, script, drama, weblog and even song. The difference is that in this era, moral, political, social, legal and etc. concepts are implicit and indirect, especially in story literature that teaching concepts is indirect via showing situations and characters.

Unity and sympathy as meaning to spread humanitarianism and deep human ties are among the topics that included the Persian language and literature. They have reflected in the poems of famous poets which has been expressed coherently and eloquently. Sa'eb is one of the poets that with respect to the importance of human dignity and value has examined one of the biggest needs of human, namely, The unity and solidarity. He acknowledged that the real comfort belongs to those who advocate the voice of kindness and helping others and think about love and friendship. the Poet for achieving this goal encouraged everyone to preserve ethical values such as love, philantropy tolerance and patient, tendency to the human nature, reason and foresight, humor, sympathy and companionship, kindness and generosity, service to fellow man, logical talking and avoid bad traits such as Greed and selfishness, haughtiness and arrogance, oppression and injustice, cramped mood, carp, luxury-oriented and obscene remarks and impermissible. He respcted all religions and envited them to the tolerance and respect their views and avoid any selfishness, coarse, double vision and distorted thinking. He  and to And it also depends on what the world counts for unity, because respect considers it  as a factor for global unity and solidarity because respecting religions on the one hand ends massacres  and religious wars end on the other hand it causes friendship and collaboration for achieving humanitarian goals.

Considering the importance of ethics and training agents has been the case of attention of scholars for a long time. At the beginning, our poets have carefully considered this issue, too.  From Rudaki as the father of Persian poetry to Kasaee and Nasir Khosrow , Sanaee, Nezami and others. Meanwhile Sa’adi has paid special attention to this issue. Sa’adi’s two important works namely Golestan and Busetan, show this reality well to the extent that these two are named the ethical letters. Given that the two principles of rewarding and punishing are the foundation and the bedrock of every kind of pedagogy, therefore, in this article, these two, their functions, features and characteristics have been examined in the works of Saadi.

Commitment poetry is a kind of poetry which defends the humanistic values – heavenly or conventional-with its tendency towards positive ideology and reliance on collective individualism for the sake of "human being" in its philosophical, religious, or moral meaning and for the sake of "people" with its legal concept. Based on its obligation, this poetry is not without didactic aspects. However, in different conditions and because of different literary genres, the didactic aspects and the expressive techniques are different which seems to be very obvious in commitment Persian poetry. The present article after identifying its conditional texture in the classic and modern worlds aims to study and introduces the main movements of commitment Persian poetry and its didactic aspect.

The Persian literature brims with utopian and humane topics which have given it a special place in the world literature. It enjoys different forms of poetry, including epic, lyric, elegy, eulogy and so on. Moreover, it mainly addresses utopian and humane issues, in particular the moral decency. Rooted in historical-ideological beliefs, ethics and its principles have attracted the attention of many poets and authors to different degrees. The poetic form also influences the manner in which the ethical and epistemological issues are addressed. This article seeks to study ethics and its principles in the ghazals composed by Bidel Dehlavi. Unfortunately, they have not been properly addressed in his poems, in particular his ghazals which are known for verbal and semantic complexity.