DIDACTIC LITERATURE REVIEW (PERSIAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE REVIEW)
Year:2011 | Volume:3 | Issue:9|Papers Count:10

Balkh at the time of Naserkhosro was one of the centers of rational and philosophical thinking which some people like Abouzeyd Balkhi ( Hafez Khorasani), Kaabi Balkhi ,and Shahid Balkhi was grown up there. Naserkhosro was living in this time and atmosphere in which philosophy and religion were against each other. In spite of familiarity with philosophy, he had a tendency towards a kind of the ology that was very near to the Esmaili’s teachings. Conflict and struggle between religious people and philosophers made Naserkhosro depressed; therefore, he tried to combine religious and philosophical problems with each other and talked to each group with its own terminologies. With religious people he used verses of Quran and prophet's statements and with philosophers he used logical reasoning. In this article some philosophical terms in Naserkhosro’s Divan have been investigated especially general philosophy which includes logic and theology.

The poet of Ganjeh is not only an example in the fields of compounding , illustration and composing banqueting and lovely poems but he also outrun, his rivals and leave them behind in the field of Prophet. Mohammad’s ascent to heaven. His Position is to an extent that other poets imitate from him and reflected his patterns in their poetry. During the years intervened for composing his famous set of five narrative in verses (Nezami’s Khamseh), he composed pleasent, artistic , and creative poems regarding prophet Mohammad’s ascent to heaven. This paper , therefore , tries to study and analysis this ascension from the point of view of Nezami Ganjavi.

Eulogy is the most important goal of Persian poem. This literary type through its evolutionary trend has had an effective role on the poetry of poets from the past till now. Although the main reputation of Masoud Saad- Salman, the poet of 5th and 6th Centuries A. H., is based on Habsieh poetry but the vast majority of his Divan is allocated to eulogy odes. He has praised not only only the authorities and his contemporary poets, but he also worshiped them according to his criteria because of their real excellences and with the intention of persude them to natty and avoid of unappealing. This study has tried to explain and describe eulogy poems of Masoud Saad by representing an introduction to eulogy and showing the historical and literary concepts of the poet with the aim of expressing some points of his work.

Formalistic criticism is an approach which was in progress in Russia in 1915 - 1930. This field of literary criticism study literature from the point of view of linguistics. In this approach, a literary work is considered to be a linguistical subject. The from and shape of literary work is the base for aesthetic analysis and the only way for reaching to the hidden meanings. Some theorists of this approach are Roman Jakobson Boris Aknolem and Victor skolofsky. They were association members of linguistics at that time. The purpose of this research is to study three lyrics of Sanaee based on this approach with emphasis on Grammont and Jakobson opinions. The results show that by using a forma listic approach the hidden meanings of a literary work is accessible without knowing the structure of the society, historical issues or even the psycholigical charater of the writer.

Talib Amoli is one of the most prominent poets who follow a certain kind of style in poetry that falls between two different categories of Indian style. His ambiguous deviations from the norms can be considered as a turning point in the use of imagery in poetry. Since most of the ambiguity seen in the Indian style of poetry is the result of a semantic deviation from the norms for Creating new concepts and meanings. On the contrary, ambiguities created by Poets such as Hafiz and Molana is the result of poetic atmospher and the boundlessness of meaning. The current paper attempts to investigate the technical as well as literary elements that foster such ambiguity in the poetry of Talib Amoli.

Although all stories are created by extending plot and giving details to it, the way of using plot with regard to age group of readers is different. A writer who writes for the children uses a language suitable for them and a writer who writes for adults makes use of a language apprppriate for them. Plot also varies according to the age group of readers; therefore, in this study the aim is to compare and contrasr those plots that are created for adults and children.

In fact, manuscripts are cultural heritages of every society that withot them the recognition of ideas, believes, and generally the historical cultures of the society is imposible. It is obvious that these written works in every language, society, and generation are in danger of making alterations. The causes of making alterations. The causes of making alterations in the form and content of manuscripts are due to different reasons. One of the reasons is the copyists’ indulgence in the writing of the manuscripts the copyists’ making alterations are due to factors such as tiredness, optical error, and mind error. One of the frequently found error in Poet’s Divans in different Periods is the mixture of couplets and as the result the deletion of a hemistich or some hemistiches in a series of couplets. Therefore, the Purpose of this paper is to study and analysis making alterations in manuscripts by copyists in writing some Divans. It is important to mention that the erroneous recording of the copyists has been reflected in the publications of some Divans.

Saadi is a poet who gives reasons. His verses in the lyrics are very close to the logical proposition that both contain imaginative elements and the stability of words. One of the ways of creating artistic images and establishing logical ground in lyrics is the style of equation. Saadi in this field was very skillful and by using this technique made his lyrics more artistic and logic. The style of equitation is the subdivision of simile that by combining with allegory led verses to a comprehensible and bright imagination. It talks about common experiences. It joins the mental images of poet with outer images in our world. Saadi by means of allegory smile and its technical subdivision, the style of equation, has composed poetry sometimes in the form of single couplets or quatrains. By proper understanding of brevity, Saadi has used couplets within the framework of style of equation. These couplets are taken from Iranian social fields to demonstrate actual experiences of Iranians with utmost brevity. This causes lyric to be imaginative as well as logical and geometric. Saadi with awareness of his addressees' spirits and psyches, and by means of the style of equation has showed popular philosophy, human tangible experiences, popular sayings, stores, religious and non-religious mythology, and then combined them with mystical and lovely messages.