DIDACTIC LITERATURE REVIEW (PERSIAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE REVIEW)
Year:2011 | Volume:3 | Issue:10|Papers Count:8

The Divan attributed to Emam Ali is the masterpiece of Arab world that contains didactic, ethical, and mystical doctrines. Many Arab poets and literary men have tried to get as much possible the knowledge of these doctrines from this Divan and use them in their daily lives. Saadi, the graet Iranian poet, also has benefited as much as possible from didactic, ethical, and mystical doctrines of Emam Ali’s Divan. In the present paper, based on the title of the paper, has been tried to investigate the common ethical doctrines between Saadi’s Boostan and Emam Ali’s Divan. These selected doctrines include ethices that are practical for teaching to people in the society in different social, political, and cultural institutes. A close look at Emam Ali’s Divan reveals that all poets and mystics in different religions and ideologies have adapted Emam Ali’s mysticism as resource in their works.

This research paper by using the method of analytical content has tried to answer this question that how Sheyhk Safi has influenced a large area of Islamic and non-Islamic countries with his teaching ethics of mysticism. In individual ethics, Sheyhk Safi as a mystic by emphasizing on the training and controlling of the self had explained its danger to his followers. From Sheyhk Safi’s perspective, a wayfarer must purify his inside from everything except Allah by using holy war (Jihad). Human must change self-centeredness to Allah centeredness. According to him the appropriate arms for fighting against the self is invocation of God, strenuous effort, and rigorous. He has put emphasis on the purifying of heart by stopping doing wrong acts. in social ethics-contrary to criticism to Sufism in this regard-he had a successful family. He didn’t leave family and society for other worldly affairs, on the contrary, searching different carriers and earning living was the top priority for him.

In this research, the attempt is to answer to a basic question about Nezami Ganjei’s works and idealogy and political philosophy of the poet with regard to his five works. the question is “Are the stories of Nezami Ganjei ethical or anti-ethical?” In order to answer to this question other questins will arise such as following “what is the relationship between ethics and literature and generally speaking art?” Do we want art and literature spread ethics or ant-ethics in the society? Are ehics and literature separated? Afterwards, the lingual differences of Nezami in his long poems mostly Haft Peykar will help us solving the riddle. without a doubt, in this comparison, we come across with the obvious differences in the language of this great poet with abundenant frequency in such away that it can be called style change.

According to holy Koran only Allah is aware of future   and making prediction by prophet or Imams is possible under the will of Allah. Therefore, it is necessary to make clear what the goal of making prediction is in the literary texts within the framework of expressing dreams by astronomers, fortune-tellers ?the main goal of predictions are that everything that human do is the result of his/her action. To narrate a story that show the ability of a person of knowing about future is an advice for human that his knowledge is not related to him/her because it doesn’t make ability. In some cases, making prediction is a way by which wise men give advice to the oppressors. Sometime the claim of making prediction is a way for practicing hidden plans.

Didactic literature is one of the most important genres in culture and literature of every country. This literary type tries to develop moral forces and good qualities in the human beings. This genre can be found in the most works of Iranian poets. They in different ways refer to the teaching of ethical doctrine to people. These poets through different figures of speech have tried to give moral lessons. This article that investigate the position of didactic in the Persian odes show the evolution of this literary genre and religious teaching, ethical teaching, mystical teaching, political and social teaching in the great poets of the Persian literature.

Parvin depicts ethics by means of discussions and dialogues between objects. She talks about ethical issues both individually and socially through this technique. In individual teaching, she motherly invites the mankind to be divine and humane. In social teaching, she pays attention to ethical elements such as piety, honesty, education, rationality, art, and avoiding desires. She also mentions social misfortunes and sufferings. By looking deeply into her works, we find out that most of her themes are about freedom, humanity, sympathy and being realistic and cooperative. In this way, Parvin describes the future for her readers and depicts the weaknesses of the social life as well as lack of ethical commitments in the society.

Molana Jalaledin Mohammad Molavi is one of the mystics and great men of this land. He has composed the precious book of Mathnavi for teaching and education of his followers. In this books sometimes we come across with the worst type of humorous writing. This way of writing caused many researchers reproach him for these expressions and claim that Molavi not to be allowed to use such a humorous writings. In this research paper, first we try to define humorous writing and irony from different researchers' perspectives and then stress that Molana only use them in teaching and education of ethical and mystical points.

didacticl literature is one of the most important and oldest types of literary genre that its main goal is to teach. This term from very beginning has used in general and specific senses. In specific term, it includes instructions for teaching specific skill or art e.g. Abonasre Frahi’s Nasabolsabian in the meaning, Meysiri’s encyclopedia in pharmology and medicine. In general sense, it refers to works concerning issues like ethics, mysticism, advices, and philosophy etc….This poet was contemprory to king Soleyman Safavi in eleventh century (1077-1105 A.H.). Among poems of Saeeda Saida Naghshbandi Yzdi we find complex concept such as mysticism, unique expression, anecdote from mysticism and, invitation to asceticism and seclusion and retirement from inner word, signs of love and inner knowledge private feeling and affection, social and political criticism, ethical advice for escaping from worldly problems, irony, etc…. In this article six main concepts in his Divan have been studied that includes ethical, political, social, cultural, mystical, ironical concepts.