JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH
Year:2012 | Volume:7 | Issue:2|Papers Count:10

In this study, three hot springs were examined including Karimi (1), Iranzamin (2), and Hosseini (3) located in Lavij region of Chamestan in Mazandaran Province located at 51o, 58΄, 17˝-52o, 04’, 27˝ longitude from the east and 36o, 59΄, 12˝-36o, 24’, 16˝ latitude from the north. Sampling of the springs was done to determine physical/ chemical features such as total desolved mineral materials (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), acidity (pH), temperature, taste, odor, quantity of lead (pb2+) and cadmium (cd2+) cations. Comparison of average TDS of the spring indicates that more mineral materials were desolved in the spring No.1 . The cations concentrations were measured by atomic absorption device. Results of statistical study of the data (with the aid of SPSS application) indicated that there was no significant difference between concentrations of lead/cadmium cations in three Springs and sampling site would not affect average concentration of the two cations, therefore, there is a statistical relationship between lead (x) and cadmium (y) cations. But there is no relationship/correlation between lead/cadmium cations and the temperature of springs. Results of statistical study of the data (with the aid of SPSS application) indicated that there was contamination of lead/cadmium cations in the three springs considering the standard allowable quantity of cations for lead (0.05 ppm), cadmium (0.01 ppm), declared by the Department of the Environment.

Cobalt is a natural element found throughout the environment. Acute (short-term) exposure to high levels of cobalt by inhalation in humans and animals results in respiratory effects, such as a significant decrease in ventilatory function, congestion, edema, and hemorrhage of the lung. In agriculture solid waste, was chemically treated and used for the adsorption of Co (II) from aqueous solutions. The efficiency of this new adsorbent was studied using batch technique under different experimental conditions such as sorbent amount, initial metal-ion concentration, and contact time. In this project the separation of ion heavy metal cobalt (II) using new filamentary adsorber for Removal of contaminants in environmental were investigated. The purpose of this research work is to build a new nano-absorber, GZ-BAKI-TAC-Co-88, for the adsorption of water soluble chromium ions in polluted water. The sorbent for separation are made by using sodium alginate, Calcium chloride and Beshel Tire activated carbon with nano-holes. The filamentary length of adsorber was 10 cm and 300 m in diameter in wet state. The tests were done in discontinuous system. The adsorption capacity and the kinetic of maximum percent by metal concentrations in 50, 80,100and 120 ppm were studied. The amount of cobalt uptake was 40.34%, 54.98%, 37.97% and 42.54 % respectively. For kinetic reaction times, 10, 20, 30,40,50,60 and 120 minutes were selected. The maximum adsorption of cobalt (II) achieved 54.989% in 120 minutes with 80ppm primary concentration of cobalt. The share of adsorption was calculated and the results shown that 80% of Co-Adsorption belongs to Tire activated Carbon and 20% to Alginate. The capacity of adsorption with 30 mL of 80 ppm Co and share of 1% of Activated Carbon and with assumption of 50% effectively of adsorber surface was 2880 mg Co/g Activated Carbon. Results indicate that the new adsorber calcium alginate filamentary containing activated carbon with nano-holes has good adsorbing character for removal of cobalt (II) in polluted effluent. With increasing of activated carbon in sodium alginate increased the amount of cobalt (II).Scanning Electron Microscope Images from powder activated carbon from tire shows the macro, meso and micro pore before and after adsorption

This study dealt with identification and investigation of the members of Zoantharia order in tidal zones of Hengam Islands in winter 2009. To fulfill this study, five transects in five stations, Arabha, Khenezi, Abas, Ghil, and Eskele around the island were considered. Sampling was done in the beginning of ebb. Each transect investigated by netted quadrate 1×1m and squares 10×10 cm completely. Samples were identified according to valid references and numbers of colonies of above said stations were compared. According to the findings, 4 species of 2 families of Zoantharia order were identified in tidal zone. From percentage of species frequencies and covering point of view, results of ANOVA of stations showed significant differences (P<0.05).

This study was on dust in Kermanshah synoptic station in March 27, 2003. Mean daily 500hpa geopotential height, mean sea level and 250hpa wind field maps analysis showed a middle atmospheric trough over Black Sea and the north of the Mediterranean Sea which is consistent with a middle atmospheric low pressure over Iraq, east of Turkey and north of Saudi Arabia. In addition, the divergence of subtropical jet stream in 200hpa level and polar front jet stream in 250hpa level is the most important reason for convergence and induced upward motions over deserts in Iraq, Syria and Jordan, between 35-50 ° longitudes and 30-35 o latitudes. The intensity of dust was related to the vertical angle between the center of the surface low pressure and 500hpa level low geopotential height.

This study was aimed to determine the role of selenomethionine and selenite on the growth, haematocirt and some blood parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). A twelve-week feeding trial was undertaken with seven experimental dietary treatments based on a common commercial trout grower diet (FFT2, Chineh, Tehran, Iran) supplemented with various levels of selenomethionine or selenite.. Rainbow trout (mean weight 22±2.5 g) were acquired, acclimated to a 21 tank recirculation (300 l) at a density of 30 fish per tank. All fish in each tank were weighed at t=0 and were fed three times daily at 8:00, 14:00 and 20:00 with each feed. Daily feeding rate was about fed 3% body weight per day. No significant difference was observed in survival rate, FCR and SGR due to the inclusion of selenium in fish diets (P>0.05). Weight gain of rainbow trout increased significantly with the increase of selenium level in the tested diets. The higher weight gain (464.0±60.2 g) was obtained when fish fed on 8 mg kg-1 selenomethionin diet, while the lowest one (390.0±36.5 g) was obtained at the control group. There were significant decreases (P<0.05) in WBC of 4 mg kg-1 selenomethionine and 8 mg kg-1 selenite with the control and also there were significant decreases (P<0.05) in RBCs of 2 mg kg-1 selenomethionine with the control. Physiological parameters(haematocirt, hemoglobin, Differential cell count, MCV, MCH and MCHC) were not affected by Se supplementation (P>0.05).

Anthropogenic and eutrophication pressure impaired functional structure of plankton community and phytoplankton/zooplankton biomass ratio (BPhyt/BZp). This paper studied dynamic of BPhyt/BZp ratio in different parts of southern Caspian Sea. The current study took effect during four seasons at 8 transects in 2009-2010. Results showed that not only abundance but also species composition had the great effect on BPhyt/BZp ratio. An increase of Cyanophyta abundance (low individual weight) decreased BPhyt:BZp ratio (4) in summer. While the ratio (11) was increased during winter which it was related to increasing of chain-forming species of Bacillariophyta. Although the BPhyt/BZp ratio was lowest in west part of southern Caspian Sea, however the ratio did not show significantly variation among different parts of the study area. In 2009-2010, the ratio was increased with 3 and 7 folds with comparison to the pervious studies in 1995 and 1996, respectively. In a conclusion, increase of BPhyt/BZp ratio, Shannon diversity index of phytoplankton and decreasing of Shannon diversity index of zooplankton indicate to insufficient consumption process (grazing) and energy transformation from phytoplankton to zooplankton.

Polychlorinated biphenyls constitute a class of synthetic chemicals with a pronounced persistence against chemical/biological degradation, and significant impacts on environment, even at extremely low concentrations. The aim of this work was to determine polychlorinated biphenyls contaminants in surface sediments (0-5 cm) of 15 rivers entrances of Anzali Marsh in autumn (Dec.2009).The samples were collected using Van Veen Grab. After preparation and freeze-dried, Soxhlet extract and clean up the samples, Concentrations of PCBs (8 congeners) were analyzed using a GC equipped with an electron capture detector. Procedures were done using MOOPAM manuals. Quality and Accuracy was controlled by reference material, internal standards PCB29 and PCB198. Maximum and minimum concentrations of total PCB (8 congeners) were 68.79 ng g-1 with a standard deviation of 3.64 in S11 and 2.23 ng g-1 in S2 with a standard deviation of 0.38 dry wt, respectively. Concentrations of PCBs at sites influenced by industrial and municipal wastes while agricultural activities were less influential. Measurements confirmed that levels of PCBs pollution in sediments of Anzali Marsh were not especially high in comparison to levels recommended by ERM USA, but total PCB in some sites was more than ERL USA.

The aim of this research was to study the effect of the storage temperature on common carp (C. carpio) fillet’s nutritional value in a 6 months period at -18°C. Fresh carps were bought from a local aquaculture farm in Babolsar (Gilan Province, Iran) and immediately transported to laboratory and then fillets were prepared, frozen and stored at -18oC for the mentioned period; Analyses of the protein, fat, ash, moisture, TVN and amino acid contents were performed at days 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180; Results for the fresh to 180 days stored fillets showed 16.20/14.10% protein, 4.10/2.02% fat, 1.01/1.08 ash, 78.69/77.30 % moisture and 11.2/14.26 mg/100g TVN contents. Also it was revealed that 17 amino acids (9 essential or EAA and 8 nonessential or NE) were present in the fillets with maximum content for glutamic acid and minimum for cysteine. Total amount of EAA and NE of the fresh fillets were determined to be 77.35 and 70.40 mg/100 g, respectively, (Fresh Fillets EAA/NE ratio=1.09) which decreased to 61.13 for EAA (P£0.05) and 61.85 for NE (P³0.05) at the end of the period (180 days stored Fillets EAA/NE ratio=0.988). In conclusion, it should be declared that changes of essential amino acid contents and total volatile nitrogen, protein and fat contents were significant.