JOURNAL OF MARINE BIOLOGY
Year:2010 | Volume:2 | Issue:6|Papers Count:12

This study was carried out to study on the diversity and species structure of corals in 6 and 7 years old artificially made substrates in Bahrekan coastal water in the Northwest of the Persian Gulf. Seasonalsampling from 4 stations was done by SCUBA diving from May 2009 to February 2010. The samples were randomly obtained by using quadrates of 0.25m. During the studied period, 8 species of soft coral and only one hard coral were recorded. Also soft corals, mainlyPlumarella sp.accounted up to 90 percent of the total living coverage in the artificial reef. Two type of artificial reefs (old and young) showed differences in the species composition.Anthomasthus sp.had the highest percentage coverage at the old site, while Plumarella sp.was the dominant species in the other sites.These differences may be due to the variations in size, profile, position and age between them.

In this study 30 healthy and mature samples of Litopenaeus vannamei and 30 infected samples with white spot virus with mean length of 8±1cm and mean weight of 30±5gr were caught from a farm. After studying morphological parameters, samples were fixed and prepared through usual histological methods and studied under light microscope. In microscopic study of sections different kind of hepatopancreatic cells including reactive-storing, secular, embryonic, entric and myoepithelial cells were determined. Also size and shape of tubules and cells were studied. Because of cell immunity and activity the vacuolated cells of hepatopancreas were more than of normal cells. Hepatopancreas cells were major and abnormal. The nucleous of infected cells were major and the nucleolous were destroyed and inclusion bodies were seen in the cytoplasm of the hepatopancreas cells.Also bacterial infection was seen in cells of hepatopancreas.

Three practical diets containing increasing percentages of crude protein (CP) (30%, 35%, and 40%) were fed to juvenile narrow claw crayfish (mean individual weight=15±2.3 g) during 8-week feeding trial. Growth, feed conversion ratio and body composition of tail-muscle meat of juvenile narrow claw were determined. The percent weight gain of narrow claw fed a diet containing 30% crude protein was higher (14.28%) than that of narrow claw fed a diet containing 35% crude protein (14.24%) and 40% crude protein (12.81%). Narrow claw fed Diet 3 had higher FCR (10.56) compared to narrow claw fed the other two diets. Results from this study indicate that juvenile narrow claw can be fed a practical diet containing 30% CP. Reducing CP levels in Iranian narrow claw diets may help reduce operating costs and thereby increase producer’s profits.

In this study, the corals of scleractinia order were investigated and identified in the tidal zones of Hengam Islands in winter 2009. To fulfill this study, five transect in following 5 stations: Arabha, Khenezi, Abas, Ghil, and Eskele around the island have been considered. Sampling has been done in the beginning of ebb. Each transect has been investigated by netted quadrat 1×1m and squares 10×10 cm completely. The samples have been identified according to the valid references and the numbers of colonies of stations have been compared.According to the findings, 8 species of 3 families of scleractinia have been identified in the tidal zones. From the percentage of species frequencies and covering point of view, the results of ANOVA in the stations showed meaningful differences (p<0.05). In Scleractinia, the most species belong to Faviidae family. Between the related stations, Eskele station was better than the other stations from the corals frequencies point of view.

This research was done to study on the communities' structure of benthic animals' growth on the artificial reefs, constructed in Hendijan coastal waters in Khuzestan in the North West of the Persian Gulf. The seasonal samples of attached organisms were collected from spring to winter during 2010. One station (D) in older site and three stations (A, B, C) in newer reef site were selected. Random sampling was carried out by using quadrate (25×25 cm) via diving. During survey, the number of 59 species of attached animals belonging to 13 animal groups, including, 9 species of cnidarian, 8 species of sponges, 7 species of Gastropod, 8 species of Bivalve, 4 species of polychaetes and 17 species of Crustacean were identified. In studied artificial reef according to biomass, soft coral were dominant group which include 92 percent of total biota, and the speciesPlumarella sp. was the dominant species. However appoint of abundance the speciespisidia sp.from anomura crabs was the most abundant species especially in station A and D. Different kinds of Cnidarian such as Dendronephthya sp., Sarcophyton sp. and Lobophyllia sp. were observed in station D for the first time. The polychates, Mollusk and some of crustacean and Echinodermata species were observed in lower abundance in comparison with previous studies. This results show that communities have been changed along the time.According- to MDS analysis, based on Bray-Curtis similarity, different stations presented seasonal variation based on identified species-biomass. According to the Cluster analysis based on the mean biomass in the different seasons, following stations D, B, A and C were separated according to following similarity percentages 55, 75 and 80 percent respectively. According to the results, there were not significant differences between station that can be due to similarity in structural characteristics such as bottom slope and age of reefs. The mean abundance in spring was significantly higher than other seasons which can be due to biotic factors such as life cycle and reproduction season. In the present study with increasing biomass in the biotic communities on artificial reefs, the enhancement of fish stock must be expected. These substrates can be reduced the pressure on destructed which is the opportunity for rehabilitation.

In this study 239 Capoetacapoeta were hunted from Talar River in sub branch of Tajoon from August 2006 till July 2007.26 morphometric and 7 meristic characteristics were studied in this investigation. Results were analyzed with SPSS 16 software under T-test and PCA. According to the results, the average of changes coefficient of morphometric and meristic characteristics forCapoeta capoeta in male were 18.09 and 11.64 respectively and in female 13.59 and 10.14 respectively.For the morphometric characteristics, 9 factors that accounted for about 79.57 percent of diversity characteristics and from the morphometric characters, 2 factors that accounted for 50.87 percent of variation within genus were separated. Also, there was not observed any significant difference in the morphometric and meristic characteristics between male and female (p£ 0.05). Studying on the population structure of Capoeta capoetashowed that age of fishes were ranging from 0+to 3+years. Intensive correlation was observed between length and weight in male (r2 =0.928) and female (r2 =0.967).According to the calculated regression coefficient (b) from length and weight relationship and results of determining growth pattern by Pauli methods, the growth pattern inCapoeta capoetawas negative allometric in male and positive allometric in female. Finally, results showed that there were significant difference according to sex inCapoeta capoeta in morphometric factors, while these differences were less in the meristic factors that can be due to environmental factors such as temperature and salinity on the morphometric factors that do not effect on the meristic factors because these factors are under controls of genetical parameters.

In the present study, the effect of dietary probiotic (Protexin and Primalac) on growth performance and intestinal microflora of wild carpCyprinus carpio juveniles were investigated. The juveniles were fed the diet supplemented with probiotic (Primalac® and Protexin®) in the following levels 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 1 percent for 30 days during culture season. The specific growth rate (SGR) and the final weight were higher in the juveniles fed the experimental diet than in control while mortality and food conversion ratio were lower. The higher SGR and final weight and lower FCR were observed in the juveniles fed the diet contained 1% probiotic Primalac®. With increasing the probiotic ingredient ratio in the food, number of total bacterial counts and lactic acid bacteria were increased.

In this study the effects of oral administration of Donaliella salina(a natural b-carotene source) and Astaxantine (synthetic pigment) on skin coloration of Astronotus ocellatuwere evaluated. One hundred thirtyfive A.ocellatus weighing 27±0.5 randomly divided in three groups in triplicate. Group 1 and 2 were fed with a diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg Astaxantine or Donaliella, respectively. Control group received the same food without supplementation. After six weeks digital image were taken from lateral side of 5 fish of each treatment and images processed for extraction of color parameters in L* a* b* color system, while color space transformation was conducted with Photoshop software.Colorimetric analysis showed that administration of Astaxantine and Donalella enriched diet to fish led to a significant effect on mean L*, mean a*, mean b* (P>0.05).a* value were significantly increased in Astaxantine and Donaliella groups compare to Controls (P>0.05). L* value was significantly decreased in Astaxantine group (P>0.05). b* value significantly decreased in donaliella group compare to other groups (P>0.05).Cab significantly increased in Astaxantine group compare to other groups (P>0.05). Hab were significantly increased in Astaxantine and Donaliella groups compare to Controls (P>0.05).It can be concluded that Astaxantine and Donaliella can increased some skin reddish hue in Astronotus ocellatus.

Large-scale tongue sole (Cynoglossus arel) belongs to the family of Cynoglossidae and is a benthic fish. It distributes around the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. It has been identified 5 species of Cynoglossidae in coastal waters of Persian Gulf in the Bushehr Province. For this study, 240 samples of large-scale tongue soles were caught with a bottom trawl and transferred in the freezer containing ice powder to the laboratory from January 2008 to December 2009. Then, the total length (TL) and weight (W) of fish were measured accurately. SPSS, One-Way ANOVA and regression coefficient were used to analyze data and drawing the graphs. Mean total length (TL) 28.98±2.01 cm and mean weight (W) 109.80 ± 15.92 g were determined.Based on the results of this study, the relationship between total length and weight of this species was calculated as W=0.257 TL1.757. This equation in female and male was obtained W= 0.308 TL1.760 and W=0.494 TL1.589, respectively.