JOURNAL OF MARINE BIOLOGY
Year:2010 | Volume:2 | Issue:1|Papers Count:10

This experiment carried out in Bandargah Station in Bushehr province. Peneaus semisulcatus larva were fed on Spirulina platensis as supplementation microalgae. The length and survival rate of Peneaus semisulcatus larvae were measured as objectivs of this study. Following treatments: Z plus (as a supplementation without spirulina), M.C.F (as an imported enriched spirulina), the powder combination of Spirulina platensis with Z plus and Spirulina platensis as live food and Cheatocerus microalgae as a control were used. The experiment was carried out from nauplii stage to early post larvae. The results of experiment indicated that the powder combination of Spirulina platensis with Z plus treatment had the most survival rate (76.5%). The maximum of length (4.3 mm) was observed in control (Cheatocerus spp.).The maximum mortality was observed in zoa stage in spirulina microalgae treatment, because the spiral filamentous of spirulina sp. were large.

The formation of corals-reef is due to commensalism of a kind of unicellular dinoflagellates from symbiodinium genus (Zooxanthellae) with corals which also has an important role in the bleaching phenomenon. These unicellar dinoflagellates and their hosted corals are sensitive to following environment stresses: salinity, high temperatures, low temperatures, extreme light levels and turbidity. Samples of coral species (Coscinaraea columna, Anomastrea irregulariis, Cyphastrea serailia) were collected from intertidal pools of Hengam Island in Iran side of the Persian Gulf, south of Qeshm Island (Hormozgan province). Partial 28S nuclear ribosomal (nr) DNA of Symbiodinium were amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and then PCR products were analyzed the phylogenetic analyses of the LSU DNA sequences based on PAUP and Clustal X software. Clade D was detected from C. columna, A. irregulariis, C. serailia species. The presence of clade Symbiodinium in Hengam Island can be because of high environmental stresses in the intertidal pools.

In this study inorder to induce androgensis in the brood mollies population, 17-a methyl testosterone hormone was used. Brood stock were treated by oral use of three different doze under 4 treadments and fry mollies were cultured under same condition for further 2 months. At the end of this experiment, histological and morphological studies had done and following parameters were measured to determine the best doze of hormone for commercial production: specific growth rate (SGR), amount of daily growth (ADG), mortal rate, androgenesis rate, the percentages of hermopherodite and sterilized fish. According to the results F treatment (400 mgr/ 1kg) with androgensis rates of 89.7% and 90% based on morphological and histological studies respectively, low mortal rate and with the maximum of SGR and ADG, was the most economical treatment. While G treatment (500 mgr/ 1 kg) despite of having 100% androgenesis rate based on the morphological studies, had high mortal rate and 60% androgensis rate based on the histological studies.

Diatoma frequency in the Coastal waters of the Persian Gulf, between Tiab Creek to Bandar Lengeh was estimated from October 2003 to September 2004. In this monitoring five transects, (Tiab Creek, Fishing Jetty of Bandar Abbas, Nafti Jetty of Bandar Abbas, Bandar Khamir and  Bandar Lengeh) were studied. In each transect, three stations and in each station, three depth (water surface, 2 and 5 meters) were sampled. 40 genera of Diatoma were identified and the following genera Nitzchia, Thallassionema and Pleurosigma were the most abundant. The highest and lowest diversity were observed in Auttum and Spring with 39 and 28 genera respectively. Average frequency of Diatoma were estimated 2004 cells per liter. The maximum and minimum frequency were obtaind in Summer and Spring with 4080 C/L and 1914 C/L respectively. Result showed that the greatest frequency were obtained in July and the lowest frequency were observed in January, the greatest and the lowest frequency were obtained in Fishing Jetty of Bandar Abbas and Khamir Port, respectively. Result showed that, by getting far from the coast, the frequency of Diatoms was increased in this studied area. (2 to 5 meters and surface layer). Studing the number of Diatoma in different depths showed that, Diatoma had higher frequency in depth of 5 meter in comparison with lower depth (0-2 meter). According to the result, No significant difference was observed in Diatoma frequency in different months, seasons and depths but significant diference was observed in different transcets (P<0.05).

The diversity of aquatic invertebrates due to their environmental situations is different. So regarding their sensitiveness to different pollutants, the quality of water can be evaluated. In this survey, in order to characterize biotic indexes the diversity of macrobenthos in Helleh River was studied in 2010 (summer and winter). Helleh river located in protected area of Helleh of Bushehr province. The sources of Helleh river are Dalaky and Shapoor rivers. Additionally, biologic indices were used together with physico-chemical experiments in order to reduce errors to the minimum extent. Some indices of water quality that have effect on the physiology of benthos and water quality such as (salinity, temperature, pH and DO) were also measured. According to the results, 9 species belonging to 4 classes of freshwater benthic invertebrates were recognized. The most frequent invertebrates were Gastropoda, Insecta, Hirudinea and Oligochaeta, respectively. In Gastropoda, the most frequent species in most studying stations was Lymnaea persica. For the evaluation of macrobenthos diversity in the studying area, the Simpson and Shannon indices were also used. BMWP index was used for determining the ecological conditions and pollution amount. The results of water quality according to the mentioned index was poor in the most stations.

In this research, 120 fish of cultured grass carp, during two times, beginning of culturing period and at the time of harvesting, were studied. For this purpose, fish randomly were caught from three fish farms (Azadegan-Ahvaz). The average weight range of the studied fish in the two groups were 26.96±11.77 gr and 1660±215.91 gr respectively. After killing the fish by destroying the brain, samples were taken from the gill. 1×1×1 cm pieces were cut from each gill and placed in 10% formalin. The tissue samples were processed through historogical method and studied under light microscope. The parasites that were observed belonged to two following genera: Dactylogyrus sp and Trichodina sp. Results of histopathological studies (tissue damages and parasite analyzing) in fishes showed that in the beginning of culturing period hyperplasia rate was 1.06±0.08, necrosis rate was 0.26±0.14, hemorrhage rate was 1.33±.30, edema rate was 0.43±019, parasitic infection rate was 0.8±0.7 and telengectasis rate was 0.42±12. while at the end of culturing period hyperplasia rate was 1.80±0.16, necrosis rate was 0.10±0.1, hemorrhage rate was 1±0.22, edema rate was 0.90±0.25, parasitic infection rate was 2.43±0.19, telengectasis rate was 0.43±0.12. The average infestation rate in the most of studied parameters among the two studied groups showed significant difference (P<0.05). However the average rate of necrosis among two studied groups did not showed significant difference (P>0.05).

In this study, 40 Green terros cichlid were divided into 4 groups of 10 fish that were adapted in 4 separate tanks along 15 days under similar condition and water temperature was kept fix at 27oC during this experiment. Colors were prepared for injection by diluting. Fish were anesthetized with Ojenol (Clove concentration). Colors were injected into fish via 3 following methods: hypodermic injection in the first group, prepeduncle injection in the second group and mascular injection via insulin syringe in the third group. Injection without any color was used for recording any probable effects of fish handling in the fourth group. Color patterns, stability and bad effects of injection and mortality were monitored along 30 days. No mortality were seen along this period in the first and fourth group while 5 to 100 percent mortality occurred due to artificial and edible colors injecting in the second and the third group color pattern and distribution on fish body in the second and the third groups were better than the first group. Color stability was better in the second and the third groups in contrast to the first group whereas colors in third group were stable till to the end of the research period but there were no significant variation between these two groups (p<0.05). It seems the high mortality in injection method is related to handling before and after anesthetizing and enterace of color via fish blood. According to these results, dye injection method and trading dyed fish are not recommended at all, because of its unpleasant effects on ornamental fish and respect of animal’s right.

In this study, diversity of zoopelankton species were studied in the ballast water reservoir floating at the entrance to the Shahid-Rajaei commercial port in the Iranian’s water of Persian Gulf in 2008. The purposes of this research were study the transportation of non-native species and avoiding the biological damages at national level. Totally 25 zooplankton species and genus were recorded in samples of ballast water. From phylum Arthropoda and Class Copepoda following orders and families were recorded: Harpacticolda, Decapoda, Cyclopoda and Calanoida (orders), Oncaeidae, Oithonidae, Paracalanidae, Acartiidae, Centropagidae, Eucalanidae, Temoriidae and Pontellidae (families). From phylum Mollusca following Classes recorded: Gastropoda and Colenterata. From phylum Cheatognatha order Sugitta was recorded. The observed species were native and dominate zooplankton species of the tropical area of Indo-Pacific and the Persian Gulf and were recorded from the Persian Gulf previously. So they are not considered as harmful or new enterance species.

The heavy metals are from the pollutants which create too much problems in aquatic ecosystems for both aquatics and human. A comparative study was conducted on the concentration of several heavy metals such as: Hg, Cd, Sn, Zn, Ni, Fe in canned tuna fish in Iranin winter 2009. The sampling was carried out from three different factories in Shushtar, Hamadan and Esfahan. The heavy Metals were extracted from the canned tuna using wet Digestion method and concentration of the heavy metals were measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometery. Data were analyzed with SPSS 17 software in terms oft-test. In this research, heavy metals concentration in Isfahan and Shoshtar samples had significant difference (P£0.05). The concentration of Hg, Cd, Sn and Ni in Hamadan and Shushtar samples had significant differences (P£0.05) but no significant difference was observed in Zn and Fe concentrations (P³0.05). The concentration of heavy metals in Esfahan and Hamadan samples had no significant difference (P³0.05).