JOURNAL OF WETLAND ECOBIOLOGY
Year:2015 | Volume:6 | Issue:22|Papers Count:12

International Sorkhrud Wetland is located in Mazandaran province, in the west of Fereydunkenar International wetlands. It is composed of three parts of eastern, New and Western part that called Damgah. In this study, wetland birds, including thse waterfowl and waders were evaluated in autumn and winter of 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011. Bird census was done using direct observation, Total Count and using binocular camera 10×50. In these censuses, annual average number of species, population, density, and biodiversity indicators values was determined based on existing equations (Shannon- Wiener species diversity and Simpson species dominance) on waterfowl and waders. During the study, the dominant species with highest frequency in all three menageries was related to Common teal (Anas crecca) and lowest frequencies to the Red-breasted goose (Branta ruficollis). Also Sorkhrud wetland meets many IBA criteria and new criteria for recognition of the Ramsar Convention on international wetlands serves as one of the important bird habitats in the Middle East. Using the five criteria including birds, fish, threatening factors, socio-economic challenges and conservation status it was found that this wetland characterized with better conservation among the major wetland status than in 2004.

In this research, Population dynamics of Silurus triostegus were studies in Shadegan wetland. Monnthly samples were collected from landing at five stations: Doragh, Rogabe, Khorosy, Salmane, Atish. During one year’s study from April 2012 to March 2013, 648 (282 female. 181 male, others immature) specimens were caught and measured. Mean±s.d length values for this female, male and total fish include were 361±105, 366±96, 295±89mm respectively and mean±s.d weight Values were 438±150, 411±140, 254±150 gr respectively. Growth curvature were calculated for female, male of this species respectively was, Lt=798 (1-e-0.56 (t+0.11)) and Lt=666 (1-e-0.54 (t+0.12)), and M: 0.71, 0.81 per year, F: 0.96, 0.37 per year, Z: 1.75, 1.28 per year, E: 0.37, 0.55. According to exploitation rate (E), S. triostegus stocks is overfishing and decreases exploitation rate proposed. Based on results and with comparing to American Fisheries Society (AFS) indices, this species was classified as moderate vulnerable group fishes.

River water quality assessment and contamination zoning and preparing a clear image of quantitative conditions of surface waters by GIS, makes any management decisions that would cause direct or indirect environment impacts on surface waters of the country, bemade more warily. So this study carried out on evaluating quality zoning of Jarahi River using NSFWQI index and GIS. Thus, sampling was done from 7 studied stations in two seasons (spring and summer of 2012). Calculation of NSFWQI and comparison on standards of Jarahi river was determined. Thus, the path of the river was zonned by GIS. Results of mean NSFWQI in Jarahi river was 44.5 and showed in two sampling seasons, all of sampling stations are categorized in bad class (polluted). Basis on zoning, the highest dangerous was related to Boostan- Shadegan in spring and summer.

Specific and critical ecological conditions of Lake Urmia are of serious environmental problems in this region and the country, which requires special attention. Therefore in this study, by investigating the data and reports of the related organizations (during the period from 2005-2014) and extensive field surveys including direct observation, interviews, identification of the strong and weak points in the internal system together with the threats and opportunities in the external system, the integrated management plan for Lake Urmia basin was carried out. Then, in the SWOT analysis procedure, the matrices of IFE and EFE were formed and strategies were developed. The total score of 2.50 in IFE matrix represents poor condition related to the system internal factors; there for appropriate planning and organizational management practices are required to deal with these factors. While the final score of 2.94 in the EFE matrix shows the good condition of external factors relative to the internal ones but it doesn’t show the desired condition. Next, the strategic guidelines, solutions and patterns for optimizing and reviewing this plan has been proposed which implementation of the results would be very helpful in taking practical steps in management of Lake Urmia.

In this study, heavy metals concentration of arsenic, mercury, zinc, and copper were measured and studied in four native species of Dezful’s aquatic plants includes of efficient Chara sp., Reed Phragmites australis, Typha latifolia and Scirpus bulrush in spring of 2014. After sampling from south of Dez river, samples weretransported to the laboratory and dried by autoclave in standard methods. Heavy metals have been measured in root, leaf and stem by atomic absorption. The results presentthat root of aquatic plantshas the most accumulation of heavy metals. Zinc was the highest amount in aquatic plant. Typha latifolia showed the most zinc in this study.

This study was done to determine and comparison of heavy metals concentration of Cd, Pb, As, Ni, Zn, Cu, Fe, Co and V in muscle of two species Liza abu and Acanthopagrus latus from Bahmanshir river in Summer, 2014.40 sample of Liza abu and Acanthopagrus latus collected by gill net river by local fishermen from Choebdeh seaport. Concentration of heavy metals were measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer Perkin Elmer 4100. Data were analyzed with SPSS17 software in terms of t-test. In this study concentration of heavy metals, Cd, Pb, As, Ni, Zn, Cu, Fe, Co and V significance different (P<0.05). The highest and lowest concentration of heavy metals in muscle of Liza abu was calculated Zn (12.985±1.338 mg Kg-1) and Ni (0.011±0.008 mg Kg-1). Also, the highest and lowest concentration of heavy metals in muscle of Acanthopagrus latus obtained Fe (19.857±0.745 mg Kg-1) and V (0.102±0.008 mg Kg-1). Concentration of Pb, Cu and As in muscle of Liza abu was more than of Acanthopagrus latus (P<0.05). Concentration of Co, V, Cd, Fe, Zn and Ni in muscle of Acanthopagrus latus was more than of Liza abu (P<0.05).

The major purpose of this research was measuring the forage product of A.lagopideS that grows in Hamoun wetlands. For this research and to estimate the amount of forage production, a linear transect, as well as 10 plots of squared-meter with a distance of 50 meters from each other were randomly (completely randomized design) selected at this site and sample determination done to determination of the type of vegetation and measured annual forage products, number of stem, vegetation cover and bare soil. Statistical analysis tests done using MSTACT software. The results showed that the forage product A. lagopideS was in first and second year 8869 and 173 kg/ha, respectively. In addition, Average bare soil percentage was 84.2 and 7.5% in mention periods, respectively. The number stem was 19 and 14 pieces. As the results shows that the between forage product and number of stem is P=46.7 N and P=15.7 N formula in the study area. Analysis of data shows that the year has significant effects on stem, vegetation and soil bare percentage.

This study aimed to determine the population genetic variation of pikeperch, Sander lucioperca, investigated in Anzali Wetland and Lake of Aras dame using microsatellite markers. Totally 60 samples of adult pikeperch were collected from these regions in summer 2012. Five sets of microsatellite primers tested on genomic DNA of pikeperch. All primer sets as polymorphic loci were used to analyze the genetic variation. Analyses revealed that average of alleles (Na) per locus was 5 (range 4 to 7 alleles). All sampled regions contained private alleles. The average observed and expected heterozygosity was 0.650 and 0.731 respectively. The average estimates of inbreeding coefficient (Fis) values of five microsatellites were negative. Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were in all cases (P<0.01). F-statistics (Fst) and gene flow (Nm) estimates in Allele frequencies were 0.092 and 2.4 respectively. Rst and Fst estimates in AMOVA indicated significant genetic differentiation among regions (P£0.01). Genetic distance was 0.616, indicating that the genetic difference among the studied populations is pronounced. The data generated in this study provides the genetic variation and differentiation in populations of pikeperch in the Anzali Wetland and Lake of Aras dame.