JOURNAL OF WETLAND ECOBIOLOGY
Year:2012 | Volume:4 | Issue:13|Papers Count:11

The objective of this study was to investigate the influential parameters for habitat suitability of PhrynocephalusPersicus in the region of Meighan wetland. This research was conducted for a period of one year from March 2010 to March 2011. During this period, geographic presence and absence points were registered with global positioning system (GPS) and then analyzed with ArcGis software. Moreover, the most important environmental and habitat parameters including temperature, humidity, and height from sea level, type of soil, type of vegetation, composition and density of vegetation at any location were documented. With respect to habitat parameters of this species, suitable habitats were recognized. Statistical data analysis by logistic regression led to the conclusion that habitat suitability has direct relation with temperature and a negative relation with height from sea level. In addition, bush and shrubs coverage and clay-Sandy with firm and stony soils have the highest effect on habitat suitability for this species. Finally, the validity of this model was approved by Area under Curve (AUC), Overall Accuracy and Hosmer & Lemeshow Goodness of Fit Test.

Biological factors as useful indicators in monitoring the health of the ecosystems and future shows environmental changes. Progressing of biological indicators detector to assess the risks of heavy metals in wetland ecosystems is essential and are considered as a warning system for environmental pollution. Aquatic organisms are capable to eating a variety of sources, concentrations of metals in the water several times to accumulate in their bodies. High crustacean as a food chain of wetland ecosystems due to the uptake of heavy metals in their bodies can indicate the relative increase of these pollutants in their environment. In winter 2001, using of the grub ekman 42 pieces Gammarus was prepared in different parts of gomishan international wetland. Also water column and surface sediments from three stations were sampled. Water samples, surface sediments and gammarus (Pontogammarus maeoticus) were prepared by water sampling, standard methods and ASTM, respectively. Then using atomic absorption two heavy metal concentrations of lead and iron were measured in all samples. Results showed that the highest concentrations of lead and iron in body of gammarus were 1.55 and 12.18 mg/g w.w, respectively. There was a low correlation between heavy metals in the body of gammarus. But average concentrations of lead and iron in the water column were 0.28±0.15 and 0.16±0.01 ppm respectively, and in the surface sediments were 2.22±0.81 and 3.61±0.54 ppm respectively. There was a high positive correlation between lead and iron concentrations in the water and surface sediments. Generally, average concentration of lead and iron in body of gammarus, water and surface sediment sampling in the gomishan international wetland was lower than toxic.

Kani Barazan, which is a satellite wetland of Uremia Lake, is found 30 km north of Mahabad, where poaching and overfishing, uncontrolled grazing, water shortage, and farming contamination are among its major threats. On the other hand, the spectacular beauty of the region has awarded Kani Barazan a great tourist attraction. Reducing the threats and using the opportunities are possible only through local communities’ participation, so the purpose of this research, carried out in 1391, is to investigate the role of government and public organizations in eliciting local communities’ participation in order to conserve Kani Barazan wetland. The statistical population consisted of 2320 persons from two villages around the wetland. The sample volume was achieved by using the Morgan Table of 330 persons. The present investigation is descriptive-correlative which utilizes a questionnaire to collect data, whose validity is confirmed by pundits and Cronbach's alpha of 0.73 verifies its reliability. After the quantification of data through valuation, in order to determine the amount of relationship between research variables, Pearson Correlation and regression coefficients within the meaningful levels of 0.05 were used. The findings indicated that there is a direct and positive relationship between the independent variable of the activity of the government and public organizations and the dependent variable of participation, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient of the variable of the government and public organizations with that of participation is 0.25.

Wetlands are among the world most important, but most threatened, environmental resources. Wetland management is creation of new methods or improvement of available ways in use of wetland resources. By purpose of getting wetland sustainable use, is essential that wetland existence is preserved that differ from absolute conservation to efficient interference. Zoning as a part of management planning process for getting sustainable use of wetlands separates incompatible human uses. In this study, protective zoning of Choghakhor wetland has carried out by SMCE. Steps of this study include: 1) defining of objectives, 2) identifying protective criteria, 3) choosing criteria by Delphi method, 4) weighting & ranking criteria by Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), 5) mapping of indicators, 6) and in the result zoning and select the protection zones. Result of Delphi questionnaire for sub criteria shown threat factor and conservational degree got maximum of importance percentage and finally five criteria and 17 sub criteria were selected for selection of protected paths in Choghakhor wetland. Finally by considering wetland boundary in basis of water plants expansion, identified protected areas were distinguished to principal protection zone and buffer zone. Area of the protection zone was equal to 24.1% of the study area. In total, the protective value of Choghakhor wetland raises slowly from the north to south of wetland.

Tourism as a dynamic industrial with development features has important effects on the economy, society, culture and environment. Growth of the industry in each country requires proper planning and effective management program. The Qeshm Island with an area of 1,491 square kilometers is located in the farthest end eastern Persian Gulf in Hormoz Strait. Qeshm Island having historical attractions, culture and the presence of specific ecosystems such as coral reefs, mangrove forests and ... has great potential for tourism. The aim of this research is propose the land use planning model for tourism development in the Persian Gulf Islands. In this research, 20 criteria in three major categories, such as physical criteria, biological criteria and cultural socioeconomic based on the Delphi method were determined. Based on multi-criteria decision models and with the help of GIS tools, regions were identified for tourism development on the Qeshm Island. The result showed that 80% of Qeshm Island where 1195.78 square kilometers is has potential however 19.8% by 295.22 square kilometers has no tourism potential.

Gomishan marsh is located on the east coast of the Caspian Sea, about 20000 hectares in size. It receives its water from the Caspian Sea as well as Atrak River. This study was conducted to determine Density, Diversity and Population Trend of Wintering Waterbirds in Gomishan International marsh in Golestan Province during 2007-2012. Total count method was used to determine the number of waterbirds during 30 December to 24 January each year. 400591 waterbirds of 84 species belonging to 12 families were counted in Gomishan marsh. The Gomishan marsh hosted more waterbirds than other wetlands which are due to its larger size as well as its ecological characteristics. Gomishan marsh plays an important role in conservation of the protected waterfowl and waders; the highest numbers of waterbirds were 115263 in 2007 and the lowest numbers of waterbirds were 58583 in 2012. The heist abundance of waterbirds belongs to Phoenicoterus ruber with 28.11% and the lowest was Treskiornitidae with one percent. The heist species richness was 4.983 in 2007 and lowest was 3.658 in 2012 (Margalef's Richness). Camargo Evenness was 0.230 in 2007 and it was decreased to 0.081 in 208.Therefore, the total number and species number of waterbirds in Gomishan marsh showed decreasing from 2007 to 2012.

Cadmium is one of the most toxic heavy metal which can enter the human body mainly through consumption of contaminated seafood with cadmium. In this study, the human health risk due to consumption of Barbus grypus in the Arvand River, were evaluated by measuring the concentration of cadmium in muscle samples using Atomic absorbtion. A total of 30 fresh fish were collected from 6 station of Arvand River in Khuzestan province. The average concentration of cadmium in Barbus grypus muscle was 0.85 mg/g of fresh weight (2.94 mg/g dry weight) which was less than the allowable amount for human consumption determined by the international organizations such as WHO and FAO. HQ Index was below 1 (0.36). Therefore, the consumption of the Barbus grypus is not a serious threat to the consumer’s health and a consumption permitted rate of 82 g/day is recommended.

A biological and ecological study of water supply is the main subject in scientific researches of ecosystems. This survey is related to study on structure and heterogeneity of macro benthoses in Dez River in Dez Wildlife Refuge. Determination, sampling was carried out in fall and winter in 10 stations with 3 times repeated in 2009 and physical and chemical water parameters such as temperature, salinity, PH, DO and Grain Size Analysis of sediments to defining the possibly relation between heterogeneity of groups and water characteristics was measured. According to the findings generally 6 class of freshwater benthic invertebrate consist of 25 species were recorded. The most and least frequency percent had belong to Oligochaeta by 49.36%, Gastropoda by 33.83%, Insecta by 13.15%, Bivalvia 2.64%, Crustacea by 0.9% and Hirudinea by 0.088% respectively. To scrutiny the heterogeneity of the macro benthos groups in the area the Shannon (H’), Simpson (l), Brillouin and Camargo indices were used. The most rates of the Shannon, Simpson, Brillouin and Camargo indices recorded as 1.04, 0.403, 1.02 and 0.266 in fall, winter, fall and fall seasons, respectively.