JOURNAL OF LARGE ANIMAL CLINICAL SCIENCE RESEARCH (JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE)
Year:2014 | Volume:7 | Issue:2 (21)|Papers Count:9

This Survey was conducted to evaluate the plasticity and firmness of transverse process of lumbar vertebrates for early clinical diagnosis of osteomalacia in cattle. After clinical examination and history taking, out of 325 cows, admitted to the faculty of veterinary medicine of Shahid Chamran University for an unknown illness, 33 heads (10.1%) had some degrees of plasticity of transverse process of lumbar vertebrate. So, they were chosen as patient group and 57 cows with normal vertebrate selected as control group. The scale of plasticity and firmness of transverse process in patient group was determined with palpation in three degrees as (+), (++) and (+++). Blood samples of both groups were collected and the serum was separated for biochemical analysis of Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium and Alcalin phosphatase activity. The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference between level of serum phosphorus and Alp in patient and control groups but no difference was noticed in serum calcium and magnesium level. No significant difference between level of blood phosphor in patient (+) and control groups was observed (p>.05) but a significant difference was found between level of phosphor in each patient (++) and (+++) with control group (p<.01). Therefore, the results of present study suggested that, patient cows with plasticity (++) and (+++) had lower level of blood phosphorus in comparison with those without such a problem and with existing this sign in clinical examination, necessary action should be taken for prevention of exacerbated phosphorus deficiency and occurrence of future osteomalacia in cattle.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of in vitro supplementation of Tempol on spermatozoa of buffalo bills before and after freeze-thawing. A total of 25 samples from five healthy buffalo bulls (5 ejaculates from each bull on 5 different occasions) were used. Each ejaculate was diluted at 37°C in tris-citric acid based extender (without egg yolk) containing 0 (control), 0.5, 1, 4, 8 and 12 mM Tempol. Sperm progressive motility and viability were evaluated in diluted semen at 0 (T0) (immediately after dilution), 60 (T1) and 120 (T2) minutes after semen dilution. In the next step, the same doses of Tempol, egg yolk and glycerol were added to the above extender and semen samples diluted, cooled to 4˚C within 2 h, equilibrated for 4 hours and sperm parameters (progressive motility, viability, membrane integrity and DNA damage) estimated. The equilibrated semen was packed into 0.5 mL French straws and frozen in liquid nitrogen. Later, the semen was thawed and analyzed for the same parameters, as well as total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Results showed that adding 0.5 and 1 mM Tempol to the semen extender preserved the sperm progressive motility in diluted and equilibrated semen compared to the control without affecting other parameters. However, in frozen-thawed semen, extenders containing 0.5 and 1 mM Tempol significantly preserved sperm progressive motility, viability, membrane integrity and semen total antioxidant capacity and also resulted in lower DNA damaged sperm counts. It was concluded that addition of 0.5 or 1mM tempol to the extender would preserve semen quality during freeze-thawing.

Salmonellosis is a very important infectious disease of animal species including the calves. Economic losses due to disease can be considerable. It is also one of the most important zoonotic diseases and it can be public health threatening for human. In this study, the prevalence and clinical features of Salmonellosis in 420 calves in 18 dairy farms of Kermanshah province have been evaluated. During a period of 1 year and in each season, fecal samples from calves with diarrhea (in priority) and other calves not clinically in good condition were taken and examined. The Vital status and clinical symptoms of all calves were also recorded. Samples were transported to the microbiology laboratory of the faculty of veterinary medicine of razi University in enriched media and complete microbiological tests have been performed on them. Out of the 420 samples, only 2 cases (0.47 percent) were positive for Salmonella. Due to early detection and appropriate treatment, both cases went healthy very soon. The age of these calves that were detected in winter was around 1.5 month. Other isolated bacteria were included: E.coli in 348 cases, Proteus in 204 cases, Citrobacter in 106 cases, Yersinia in 60 cases and Enterobacter in 48 cases.

Mastitis is a widely occurring and costly disease in the dairy industry. It remains the most common infectious disease in dairy cattle and the most costly disease affecting the dairy industry. The objective of the present study was to compare the electrophoretic patterns of milk serum proteins from cows with sub-clinical mastitis with healthy cows using SDS-PAGE methodand milk amyloid A (MAA)and Haptoglobin (Hp) concentrations for the diagnosis of bovine subclinical mastitis caused by common pathogensin Iranand alsocomparison between clinical accuracy of MAA, albumin, α- lactalbumin, blactoglobulin and Immunoglobulin with determination of somatic cell count in the diagnosis of bovine subclinical mastitis.Milk samples from 59 Holstein cows were randomly selected from five commercial dairy herds in Tehran province, Iran. The milk samples were taken from healthy cows and cows with subclinical mastitis. Milk samples were divided into 2 aliquots; one part was sent to microbiological laboratory for somatic cell count and bacterial culture in the ice bag and the other part was sent to the clinical pathology laboratory Milk serum was isolated and used for electrophoretic and other analytical studies, including MAA, total protein, albumin, α- lactalbumin, b-lactoglobulin and Immunoglobulin measurements.SDS-PAGE method was used for fractionation of serum milk proteins.Milk Amyloid A according at a cut-off point of 0.52 mg/l showed 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity and was regarded as the most accurate method in diagnosis of subclinical mastitis, while determination of the b-lactoglobulin had a little diagnostic value (p=0.015). On the other hand, comparison between electrophoretic patterns of healthy and mastitic serum milk showed that higher molecular weight bands appeared in the milk of mastitic cows in the range of 70-170KDa, while milks from healthy cows did not show any bands in this range. The results of the present study show thatthe SDS-PAGE method can be a helpful test in diagnosis of subclinical mastitis.

Pulmonary diseases in camelids represent one of the major complaints in camelid veterinary practice. The present study was undertaken during autum and winter 2012 to investigate histopathologic patterns of pulmonary lesions in camels (Camelus deromedarius) slaughtered in Qom slaughterhouse. In this study, 46 out of 100 carcases inspected randomly at postmortem, found with one or more pulmonary lesions. Proper tissue samples obtained from lungs with macroscopic lesions, fixed in 10% neutral buffer formaldehyde, processed for routin histopathological techniques, and finally sections of 5µm thickness cut and stained by H&E staining techniques. The major pulmonary lesions encountered on camel lungs were as follow: interstitial pneumonia, 31 (67.39%); fibrinous bronchopneumonia, 19 (41.3%), purulent bronchopneumonia,21(45.65%); pneumoconiosis, 15 (32.60%); hydatidosis 3 (6.52%); verminus  pneumonia 2 (4.34%); calcified cyst 4 (8.89%); atelectasis 8 (17.39%); pulmonary emphysema 18 (39.13%).As the results indicate, the interstitial pneumonia was considered as the most common pulmonary lesion in camels and was the major factor of condemnation (67.39%) of lungs in this species in this Qom slaughterhouse.

Toxoplasmosisa zoonotic disease caused by the intracellular protozoan of Toxoplasmagondii, has not been examined in Lorestan yet; so this study aimed at the prevalence rate of IgG in the domestic ruminants, based on the variable factors of species, sex and geographic region. Therefore, from October to February 2012, 760 blood samples (174 samples from Cattles, 398 samples from sheep, and 188 samples from goats) were collected from the slaughterhouses of Khoramabad, Boroujerd and Aligoudarz. The serum samples of the sheep and goats were examined by indirect ELISA method, and the results were calculated based on the ratio of the the absorbance value of the samples to the positive control, so that £30% was considered as negative, and ³50% as positive. The Cattle serum samples were examined via Indirect Immunoflourecence antibody test, and the titer³1:16 were considered as positive. In this study, the IgG prevalence rate in the cattle, sheep and goat was respectably 28.73%, 53.01%, and 51.66%; and the statistical analysis of the results, demonstrated that based on the sex and species, there was a considerable statistic difference, so the Lowest infection ratewasseen in the cattle, and the most infection rate in the sheep, so the prevalence rate in females was higher than males but no statistic difference was seen geographically (p<0.05). Since, there is a high frequency rate of Toxoplasmosis in the sheep and goats of Lorestan, like other parts of the country, and the importance of their meat which is considered as amain source of protein, public informing and training is essential topreventethe disease.

Abomasal ulcers are one of the most prevalent disorders of ruminants which depending on the type of ulcer, related clinical signs appear. The aim of this study, in addition to the microscopic survey of abomasal ulcer prevalence in sheep consuming pasture forages, is to evaluate the effect of age, sex and warm climate on its prevalence. At the first step, 1562 abattoirs (including 468 rams and 1094 ewes) were examined macroscopically. The age of all rams and ewes was estimated orderly: less than 12 months and more than 24 months as follow, which only 21 of them had the evidences of affliction. Furthermore for confirming the diagnosis, the taken samples were transferred to Pathology library. Results show that after microscopic inspections, which was apparent from those 21 cases, just 19 cases (14 ewes and 4 rams), 1.21 percent of total abattoirs, had abomasal ulcer types. All of 19 cases had all subtypes of type 1 abomasal ulcers which in addition, one of them had type 2 abomasal ulcers too. statistical analysis of this survey shown that, there was no relationship between the prevalence of sheep abomasal ulcers with age, sex, warm weather and consuming pasture forages (p>0.05).

The aim of the present study is determine the concentration of vitamin A and β-caroten in the serum of pregnant Holstein cows and calves during the birth and after the consumption of colostrum (24, 48, 72 hours after birth). This study was done to make a comparison between the level of serum vitamin A and b-caroten in dams with her calf, The blood samples were taken from 40 pregnant cows and borne calves of them, in the time of birth and 24, 48 and 72 hours after parturition. After separated serums, vitamin A and Beta- carotene were measured by spectrophotometer and using N. Hexane method. Statistically, the mean values of serum vitamin A in calves were higher than to those for dams (p<0.05), whereas the mean values of serum b-caroten in calves were lower than to those of their mothers pre and post calving.  Also the mean values of serum vitamin A in females calves were more than to those in males, whereas, there was not a significant statistic differences between the mean values of serum b-caroten for males and females (p>0.05). This result shows that colostrum is necessary for cattle in the first time of birth to catch necessary substance especially vitamin A precursor.