JOURNAL OF LARGE ANIMAL CLINICAL SCIENCE RESEARCH (JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE)
Year:2010 | Volume:3 | Issue:9|Papers Count:15

The goal of this experiment was to separate the elements producing hemorrhagic enteritis in dogs and determining resistance or sensitivity to antibiotic compared with the common antibiotics (gentamicine, tetracycline, nalydixic acid, cefexim, cefriaxon, penicillin, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole). In this research, feces samples had been taken from 80 dogs in ages between 6 months to 2 years that suffer from hemorrhagic enteritis and did not receive antibiotics. In order to recognizing producing bacterial elements, samples moved to various culture medias and after bacteriologic investigation, four bacteria including Escherichia coli, clostridium, campylobacter and salmonella were spread from the samples which were taken from 80 dogs. The results show that 21.25% of dogs are contaminated to salmonella, 8.75% to clostridium, 26.25% to campylobacter, and 43.75% to E coli.The hemorrhagic enteritis are indicated from the other bacteria, as well as the resistance of these bacteria to the most studied antibiotic groups, but this antibiotic indicates well sensitivity than cefriaxone and cefixim antibiotics. The other bacteria also indicate well sensitivity to these two drugs.

Using the infectious bronchitis vaccine by spraying method can result to respiratory complications in chickens. The aim of the present study was to histopathological evaluate of the respiratory system of chickens following vaccination against infectious bronchitis virus with live attenuated vaccine (Massachusetts serotype) via spraying method. For this purpose, sixty one-day-old chickens – free of Mycoplasma gallicepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae – were randomly assigned into 2 equal groups and 3 subgroups determined for each. The chickens of treatment group were vaccinated at the first day of experiment. The management condition and feeding was equal for both groups. Treatment subgroups along with their counterpart control subgroups were necropsies at the 5th and 10th days of experiment, respectively. Trachea and lungs of the experimental chickens were separated for microscopic evaluations, as histological sections were prepared routinely. Microscopically, damages of the trachea and bronchial epithelium and mucosa along with parenchyma of the lungs assessed and compared between the subgroups. Significant differences between the subgroups were determined by Mann Whithney U test. There were significant differences between treated subgroup at the day 10 with all of the control subgroups (p<0/05). There were also significant differences between treated subgroup at the day 21 and the control subgroups (p<0/01). Furthermore, there was significant difference between treated subgroups at the days 10 and 21 of experiment (p<0/05). No significant differences determined between treated subgroup at the day 5 and the control subgroups. The results showed that vaccination against infectious bronchitis virus (H120) with live attenuated vaccine (Massachusetts serotype) by spray results in histopathological damages of respiratory system in chickens.

The main aim of this study was to evaluate a new PCR method for diagnosis of Marek's disease that uses a part of MDV viral genome named Thyamidine kinase (from base 597 to 807) and it could be found in MDV RB1B and its serologic dependent vaccine HVT Fc-126. High performance and time providence in this method makes it a good diagnostic tool for using in laboratories. This is a rapid method that users need only half an hour for sample preparation, 3 hours for PCR and 1 hour for electrophoresis. During this survey 12687 slaughtered broilers in poultry slaughterhouse were studied. Eight macroscopic & microscopically cases found positive showing MD changes after necropsy. After preparing & staining slides with Hematoxilin & Eosin, sampled broilers had histopathologic changes in skin, liver and spleen. In all 8 cases lymphoid tumors found in skin, in 3 cases in liver and in 1 case lesion were found in spleen. After applying PCR method and electrophoresis, in one of these samples (control) no nucleotide band observed in 200bp area and this case marked negative but it was positive in other 7 histopathologically samples and distinct nucleotide bands were formed in 200bp area.

The salivary glands due to their various functions always have been important in researches. In this research, histological structures of cat parotid gland in normal condition and under the effect of isoprenaline have been studied. Ten adult female cats for this study were used in two groups of control and treatment. Chronic treatment of isoprenaline with dosage of 1/6 mg per cat for twenty days revealed remarkable changes on weight and cell structure of parotid gland. In treatment group the mean weight of parotid gland has been increased 1/8 fold of control group.In histopathological studies of parotid gland at light microscopic level, in control group the secretary units of parotid gland was compound acinar and purely serious. In treatment group, histopatological changes such as hyperplasia and hypertrophy of secretary units were observed. As a result, we concluded that the effect of isoprenaline on cat parotid salivary gland is similar to other animals such as rat, mouse and rabbit.

Dicrocoeliasis is a parasitic disease of herbivores and human producing direct and indirect economic losses due to reduction in animal products and condemnation of infected livers. This study was carried out in a one year period from winter 2007 to autumn 2008 at meat inspection. Considering statistics criteria, the liver of 2209 sheep and 301 goats in selected abattoirs: Tabriz, Mianeh,Bonab and Malekan located in center, east and south west of East Azerbayejan was examined for dicrocoeliasis. Systematic random sampling was used and results were analyzed by the statistical software program SPSS. Chi square was used to compare infection with the type of animal being examined. Since the average weight of a liver is about 900 gr. and equal weight of pieces locally condemned to a complete liver and monetary value of a liver is about 100,000 Rials, the nutritional value and economic losses caused by dicrocoeliosis was determined. Accordingly, 549/5 kg. of liver and 54950000 Rials were determined respectively. To extend these findings for total number of sheep and goats slaughtered annually in East Azerbaijan (408104) it was estimated that 27833 kg of liver and 2783300000 Rials were the weight of condemned liver and its monetary value respectively. The differences between infection and animal type were statistically significant.

In this experiment, the effect of different levels of vitamin E (vit E) in Arian broiler breeder diet on egg production and hatching egg quality were investigated. Two hundred and eighty broiler breeders and twenty eight males were allocated at random to one of seven experimental diets containing graded levels of supplementary vit E (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 IU/kg diet) from 26 to 35 weeks of age. Egg production did not significantly (P³0.05) influence by the level of vit E in the breeder diet, but total egg production of control group was lower than other groups. Dietary treatments did not influence haugh unit of albumen (at 31 weeks of age), albumen pH, shell thickness and egg yolk color (35 weeks of age only), but, in week 35, hens receiving supplemental vit E higher than 40 IU/kg diet, had greater (P£0.05) haugh unit than control group (92.21, 93.89, 93.25, 94.61 and 93.09 vs. 87.06 respectively). The results of this experiment indicated that high levels of vit E in broiler breeder diet can improve hatching egg quality.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of six hormonal doses 30, 60, 100, 150, 200 & 300 mg 17 alpha-methyl testosterone (MT) /kg food diet on the mortality rate of Convict Cichlid, Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum, and Guppy Poecilia reticulata, using validated microscopic examination of the gonads and sex determination of the fish. Cichlid fry (7day) and Guppy fry (1day) received the following diets for 40 days. The frequency data of fish mortality rate after treatments and microscopic characteristic showed with percent, obtained data of treatments was higher than the control groups, and a dose of 300 mg MT/kg food in Convict Cichlid was more efficient in mortality rate, resulting in 37.5% (P<0.05), and a dose of 300 mg MT/kg food in Guppy was more efficient in mortality rate, resulting in 46.6% (P<0.05).

In ancient Iranian medical texts such as “QANUN of AVICENNA” different herbal compounds has suggested. In this study, the healing effects of Calendula are compared with Astragalus fasciculifolius Aqueous Resin Extract (AfARE), histopathologically. 15 adult rabbits (randomly divided into three groups) were selected and a round wound was created with almost 1cm diagonal in diameter on the skin of their backs. Total treatment period was specified as 3, 7, 14 and 28 days. The evaluation was on the basis of wound construction, granulation formation and secondary infection occurrence and grading of these factors was marked by I, II and III. First and second groups were respectively treated with (AfARE) and Calendula topical ointment and third group (control g.) received no treatment. In the first group, treatment process was satisfying from beginning to the end of the period and specially had better development at the beginning in comparison with other groups. In the second group, wound healing process was slow in first week, even in comparison with third group. But it was accelerated afterwards. So, it can be concluded that AfARE has very good healing effects from beginning to the end of the treatment period. But regarding to the previous studies of author on Calendula topical ointment, the best time of its use, is in fibroplasia stage of wound healing process. Finally, healing process compared between the first and the second groups had almost the same results, qualitatively and quantitatively.

Considering few oocytes in female rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, factors affecting egg quality are more important. Since post-ovulatory stripping time has been reported the most important factor affecting egg quality, the present study was performed to understand the best stripping time in female rainbow trout. Egg quality measurement was done through assessing the eyeing and hatching rates of eggs. One hundred females expected to ovulate in the near future were selected from the brood stock and stored at 2°c. Then serial judgments of ovulation were performed at 3-day intervals for 30 days. Ten groups of fish, each comprising of three females ovulating simultaneously, were held in separate tanks until fertilization. Other ovulated females were removed from the brood stock. All the females were fertilized at the end of the 30th day. So there were 10 groups presenting 10 different retention times until artificial fertilization. The eyeing and hatching rates for eggs fertilized immediately after ovulation (0-3 DPO) were 37.6 % and 31.5% (Mean±SEM), respectively, which were significantly lower than those for eggs fertilized thereafter. Apart from these initially low values, the average eyeing and hatching rates were 85.15 % and 68.55 % during the post-ovulation period of 30 days.  Significant relationships were observed between the retention time and both the eyeing and hatching rates. The present study therefore demonstrates that immediately stripping after ovulation leads to lower egg survival and so, it seems necessary to retain oocytes in the abdominal cavity for a short period time after ovulation. Also, the best post-ovulatory stripping time was assessed at least 60 degree-days in female rainbow trout.

Listeria monocytogenes can be found in water, soil, animal, milk and nutrients issue of animal and it is widespread organism. Listeria monocytogenes causes encephalitis, abortion and septicaemia in cow. The animal evacuates cause of disease via the milk, urine and feces. It can contaminate human in different ways resulting in abortion in pregnant women, septicaemia in newborn babies, encephalitis, endocarditic, and disease of skin and enteric disease. Milk, the most frequent and significant drink in all developed countries for all ages, is considered to be a major foodstuff; although, this nutrient is one of ways of human contamination to listeriosis.Since Kurdistan province is suffering from many hygienic problems, the objective of the following study was to investigate the probability of milk contamination with the above mentioned bacterium by testing raw and pasteurized milk. For this purpose, 100 pasteurized and 100 raw milk samples were obtained from the province towns using random cluster sampling method. The samples were then bacteriologicaly tested. Carrying out all bacteriological tests, the following results were obtained: 6(6%) out of 100 raw milk samples and 1(1%) out of 100 pasteurized ones were found to be contaminated with listeria monocytogenes. Considering some other analogous results reached by other researchers of this field in various countries, it is strongly recommended that pasteurization principles should be observed and raw consumption of milk must be avoided.

Methotrexate (MTX) is a chemotherapeutic agent used for the treatment of a variety of tumors and inflammatory diseases. Methotrexate cause defective oogenesis and spermatogenesis, and impair fertility and different pathological changes on testis of laboratory animals. On the other hand, it had been shown that growth hormone (GH) had well-being and conciliation effects on different tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of growth hormone on spermatogenesis indexes of testis after methotrexate administration in rat. In this experimental study, the eighty male wistar rat were selected and randomly divided into eight groups; control (n=20) and treatment (n=60). First and second treatment groups were received 0.3mg/kg GH (IP) for 14 and 28 consequence days, respectively. Third and fourth treatment groups were received 1mg/kg MTX (IP) per week for 14 and 28 consequence days, respectively. Fifth and sixth treatment groups were received 1mg/kg MTX (IP) with 0.3mg/kg GH (IP) (MTX+GH) for 14 and 28 consequence days, respectively. However the first and second control groups just received normal saline (IP) for 14 and 28 consequence days, respectively. In 14th and 28th days, ten rats from each group were sacrificed and testis was sampled and section was provided, and was stained by H&E technique. Then, histologically and spermatogenesis indexes including: tubular differentiation index (TDI), spermiogenesis index (SI), and repopulation index (RI), were studied. Data were analyzed by ANOVA method. Results of the study showed that methotrexate had destructive effects on testis tissue and spermatogenesis in treatment groups compared with control groups. Also, results showed that in these groups TDI, RI and SI had non-significant decreased in 14th days, but in 28th days, TDI, RI and SI significantly decreased (p<0.05) compared with control groups. GH administration alone had non-significant effect on spermatogenesis indexes. In GH+MTX groups, GH caused significantly (p<0.05) amelioration effects on testis tissue and spermatogenesis indexes compared with MTX groups. Results of the study showed that methotrexate caused reduction of spermatogenesis and its indexes in rat testis tissue. This reduction of TDI, SI and RI amount may via the reducing of cell division and toxic effect of methotrexate. Also GH had amelioration effects on testis tissue and spermatogenesis indexes when it used simultaneously with methotrexate. Although the effect of methotrexate on spermatogenesis and fertilization in human needs to more investigation.