JOURNAL OF LARGE ANIMAL CLINICAL SCIENCE RESEARCH (JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE)
Year:2010 | Volume:4 | Issue:10|Papers Count:13

Morphine is the main substance of opium. It is in a group of drugs called opoid like. This drug is used to treat moderate to sever pain. Morphine is highly potent opiate analgesic drug. It is also a natural endocrine product in humans and animals. Objective is histopathological study of morphine effect on kidney in rat neonatal. The aim of this investigation was histopathological study of morphine effects on kidney in Rat neonatal. In this study 40 wistar rats (20 male and 20 female), aged 8 weeks and weighted 250±10 gr were used. Female rats were divided into two groups, experimental (N=10) and control (N=10). Experimental groups received morphine (4mg/kg, IM, Daily) for 30 days. Control groups received normal saline (1cc, IM, Daily) for 30 days. Then female rats (experimental and control groups) were caged with male rats.  After parturation, biopsy was taken from kidney tissue of neonatal rat from both groups. Then sampels were prepared for LM studies. Microscopic observarion demonstrated intercellular fossa in proximal and distal tube layer, Glomerular hialinization, Dilation of proximal and distal tube and existance urate in proximal and distal tube. This study showed that morphine can reach the fetus via the placenta and cause renal failur in neonatal rat. 

The aim of this study was investigation on the effect of phosphate solublizing bacteria in broiler diet on digestibility of some minerals (P, Ca, fe and Zn) and performance in broiler chicks. In this experiment phosphate solublizing bacteria (PSB) that isolated with screening soil samples collected from various region of Iran used as mixed to diet. The experiment included 320 one-day old broilers from ROSS strain in 3 periods, starter (1-21d) grower (23-35 d) finisher (36-49 d). Birds were randomly allocated to 4 treatments, with 4 replicates of 20 birds. Treatments include T1.Negative Control (basal diet, with no added probiotic); T2 – Negative Control + Probiotic (in starter, grower and finisher); T3 – Negative Control + Probiotic (in starter and grower) and T4 – Negative Control + Probiotic (in starter). In 49 d 4 birds randomly choose from each treatment and allocated in metabolic cage for 11 days, include 7 days adaptation and 4 days for samples collection. Phosphorus was determined with spectrophotometer. Chromic oxide, Ca, Fe and Zn were determined with atomic absorption. Results obtained shown that probiotic had significant effect on feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio in entire of study and some periods (P<0.05). Probiotic significantly increased phosphate and calcium digestibility (P<0.05). However, phosphate solublizing bacteria didn’t have significant effect on Fe and Zn digestibility. These results strongly suggest that phosphate solublizing bacteria as a probiotic can improve performance and phosphate and calcium digestibility in broiler. However, more studies are needed to support this hypothesis.

The report of FAO showed that 25% of agriculture products are would be contaminated to mycotoxin that from these, aflatoxins are more important than to others. Aflatoxins are divided in B1, B2, G1 and G2 types and other classes such as M1 and M2 are derived from these. In the study, after examination of Kilka fish meal to aflatoxin in four meals processing plants of Mazandaran province, inhibitory effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on B1, B2, G1 and G2 were evaluated in two scales (culture media and Kilka fish meal). In culture media, were used from two concentrations of aflatoxin (12 and 16 ppb for B1 and 8 and 12 for other types) and two doses of the yeast (3 and 4%). In fish meal, were also two concentrations of aflatoxin (50 and 100 ppb for B1 and 25 and 50 for other types) and one dose of the yeast (4%).Changes of aflatoxins and the yeast growth were tested by HPLC and Spectrophotometer (OD: 600 l), respectively. The results of the meal sampled from processing plants showed that mean of B1 in 1, 2, 3 and 4 plants was 0.96, 1.68, 1.30 and 1.21 ppb, for B2 were 1.79, 1.37, 2.03 and 1.50, for G1 were 0.76, 1.2, 0.94 and 1.54 and for G2 1.15, 1.03, 1.03 and 0.88 ppb, respectively. Culture media results were showed that B1, B2, G1 and G2 have been decreased to 90.6-92.7%, 89.8-94%, 98.8-97.3% and 94.8-95%, respectively (for 3% Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and 93.3-94.6%, 94.9-95.8%, 92.1-96.8% and 97.3-97%, respectively (for 4% Saccharomyces cerevisiae). In fish meal, B1, B2, G1 and G2 have been decreased to 85.91-90.79%- 87.05-87.70%, 91.85-90.66% and 89.66-91.47%, respectively. The conclusion were showed that the yeast was able to significantly decrease of four types of aflatoxin in culture media and meal and can be used as biological tool in different feed particularly fish meal.

For the study of histogenesis of the abomasum’s lymphatic nodules in one-humped camel, 33 fetuses were studied. The fetuses were selected from 2 to 13 months age and in each month, 3 fetuses. After determining the fetuses age with C-RL (Crown-Rump Length) criterion, they were sent in 10% formalin to histological laboratory. After dissecting the abomasums, with use of routine methods, were performed serial section of them. The results of the microscopic sections indicate that the lymphatic nodules in abomasum’s tissue of camel’s fetus were formed at 160 days of gestation (C-Rl = 30cm) in lamina propria of cardia mucosa in abomasums that with increasing fetuses age, the lymphatic nodules were developed, too. These nodules weren’t reported in typical ruminants (ox, sheep and goat).

To investigate Trichomonas gallinae pigeons in Kazeroon, Supply Soap from mouth, larynx and through the method of wet expansion, 300 pigeons in three groups ranged under one year, 2year and higher than 2 years were considered. Out of all 300 pigeon, 257 (85.6%) were infected and 43 (14.4%) were not. Among these, those under one year were more infected equals to 89%, 85% for 2 year and 83% for more than 2 years. Out of Female pigeons, which were 150, 135 (88%) and for 150 male, 123 (83.3%) were infected. In seasonal investigation, in hot season, (from Ordibehesht to Mehr) out of 150 pigeons, 134 (89.3%) and in cold season (Dei to Ordibehesht) 123 (82%) were infected. Generally, the among of Trichomoniasis outbreak was high amount Kazeroon pigeons. The infection was higher in hot seasons and among the female more too. The outbreak in young pigeons was more than old. The result was investigated through Spss15. non meaningful statistical difference in difference age, Male and Female pigeons and cold and warm seasons were seen.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate carcass characteristics and litter quality in female broiler chickens fed variable levels of dietary crude protein and lysine during the grower period (21-42 d). The experimental design was completely randomized. on d 21 of experiment, 4 replicate pens of 12 chicks each were fed 1 combination of dietary lysine and CP (18% CP with 0.8, 0.9, 1.0 and 1.1% lysine and 20% CP with 0.8, 0.9, 1.0 and 1.1% lysine., and 22% CP with 0.8, 0.9, 1.0 and 1.1% lysine) until d 42. Data were evaluated with ANOVA for a complete randomized design, using the general linear models procedure of SAS software. Dietary crude protein and lysine levels had significant effects on body weight gain, carcass yield, breast and leg quarter weight and abdominal fat. In experiments, female broilers had a greater response to supplemental lysine when 18% CP was fed, but less response to supplemental lysine when 20 or 22% CP was fed for BWG, CY, BMW and leg quarter weight. The requirement for lysine at 18% CP (as a percentage of diet) were 1.1% for BWG, CY, BMW and leg quarter weight and at 20% CP were 1.0% for abdominal pod fat. As regards, reducing CP did case litter N, pH and humidity to decline both of these advantages will improve air quality within the poultry house.

Nitrite salts of sodium have been used traditionally in meat products as preservatives, antioxidant and color fixative agents. Nitrite is highly carcinogenic agent. The aim of this work was to study acid lactic bacteria inoculation effects on nitrite and load of bacterial reduction in sausages products. Three lactic acid bacteria strains (L. fermentum PTCC 1638, L. plantarum PTCC 1058, Leu. mesenteroides subsp mesenteroides PTCC 1563) were selected for considering of their nitrite reduction ability primarily. Two strains of them (L. fermentum, L. plantarum) and their mixture were evaluated as starter cultures in the production of sausage. Their density standardized with 0.05 Mac-Farland dilution in 600nm wave length by spectrophotometric method. Mentioned strains and their mixture with finally number of (108cfu/g farsh) inoculated to sausage containing 120 mg/g nitrite. During “Fermentation period” nitrite residual mean value: pH, acidity, total number of  lactic acid bacteria, total number of mesophilic aerobic bacteria and total number of Enterobacteriacea were significantly different  in compared to no inoculation treatments(control) (P<o.o5). Residual nitrite in fermented sausage by L. fermentum, L. plantarum and their mixture, was reduced to 65.8%, 75.4% and 68.3% respectively, while it was 60% in no inoculation treatment. Result revealed, there is no difference between total aerobic bacteria men values in fermented sausages, by L. fermentum and mixture starter cultures (P>0.05).

An investigation was conducted in order to determine the tick species of sheep body surface and their seasonal population variations in maraghe province from March 2008 to april 2009. Sampling was done from overally 1200 sheep of both sexes. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS computer software. The results revealed that 266 (22.22%) sheep was infested by hard ticks. the highest percentage of the sheep ticks infestation was observed in june 2008, while lowest percentage was in during February 2008. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the tick population of sheep during the seasons and months of the year. Out of 1279 ticks were collected on sheep and were identified as: R.turanicus (48.51%), Hy. anatolicum. anatolicum(15.01%), D.marginatus (11.91%), R.sanguineus (8.22%), Ha.punctata (4.32%), Ha.sulcata (3.66%), Hy.anatoliium. excavatum (3.22%), Hy.marginatum (2.56%), R.bursa (2.53%). the difference of ticks  site preference was significantly noticeable. Distribution of ticks over different parts of sheep body surface according to their frequency were as follow respectively:head and meck(63%), under the tail (23%), under armful(10%), groin(4%).(p<0/05).

The main purpose of this survey was investigation on blood protozoal infection and tick infestation of Makuei sheep in Maku region. In third study, blood samples were taken from 183 sheep which were infacted by blood protozoal. Blood smears obtained from sheep and stained with Geimsa, and ticks were taken from the bodies of the infected animals. Then blood smears were studied and each protozoon was identified and tick speices were distinguished. The results were analyzed by the chi – square test statistically. The result indicated that out of 38 (20.76%) sheep infected with Babesia 33 (18.02%), 2 (1.09%) and 3(1.63%) were infected with B.ovis, B. motasi and mixed infection with B. motasi & B. ovis respectively .There wasn’t any infection with Theileria and Anaplasma. Rhipicephalus, Dermasentor, Haemaphysalis and hyalomma were isolated from sheep. This study shows that problems with Babesia in this region mainly related to B.ovis .The result also indicated that Rhipicephalus bursa was dominant vector of sheep babesiosis in this region (P<0.05).

Myiasis is the infestation of live vertebrale animals with dipterous larvae, which for at least a certain period feed on the host. The aim of this study was a consideration infection to cutaneous and subcutaneous myiasis of cattle in Urmia region. The examination was performed in Urmia slaughterhouse and 47(2.14%) carcases out of 2194 examined were infectioned by Hypoderma spp. The results indicated that the infestation to H. bovis, H. lineatum and mixed infestation were seen in 27(1.23 %), 6(0.27 %) and 14(0.64 %), respectively. The results showed that there was not any infestation to cutaneous myiasis in the region. Due to presence of infestation to Hypoderma spp in the region more attention was done on treatment and prevent of the parasite.

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale is a gram-negative, rod shaped bacterium of the Flavobacteriaceae family which is associated with respiratory disease and decreasing performance in poultry especially in chicken and turkey farms. This study was carried out to examine the seroprevalence of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale infection (ORT) within commercial turkey farms in Iran for the first time. A total of 420 serum samples collected from 21 meat-type turkey farms in different regions were examined for outer membrane protein of bacteria by IDEXX Elisa kit (Westbrook, ME, USA). Results showed that 13 of 21 (65%) of farms and 267 of 420 (63.6 %) sera were positive based on arithmetic mean titers (AMT) and interpretation of IDEXX Elisa kit. There was a positive correlation among ORT titers and the average of farms’ weight, feed conversion rate and mortality rate (P<0.05). Our study indicates that despite commercial turkey production is developing industry in Iran, the seroprevalence of ORT is somehow high in Iranian meat-type turkey farms and consequently this respiratory pathogen can easily spread through premises especially in multi-age farms from elders to newly housed poults.