GEOGRAPHICAL JOURNAL OF CHASHMANDAZ-E-ZAGROS
Year:2010 | Volume:2 | Issue:5|Papers Count:16

Tourism has Diverse forms that rural tourism is a part of it. This type of tourism is In rural areas and non-urban areas. That is why Determination Of rural tourism In each province and Special attention to this Villages in an Special Projects format And locating services center for tourists and spatial designation and tourism path is some policy of country's tourism Custodians. The purpose of this paper Identify and analyze characteristics of rural tourism in the province of Sistan and Baluchestan, spatial-Tourism Graded in the case of progress or deprivation. In this regard Services centers and Tourism Environment of studied Villages , Facility Status and infrastructure Have been evaluated. data collection Methods and required Data Analysis, Combines documentary - analytical techniques. Research findings, evaluate the ability of villages in tourism Industry indicate this fact that: this villages In terms of geographical location, Historical past, natural Potential, Have the capacity to attract investment and in the other hand results of the villages graded study indicate that the nahook and Abadan villages are in progressed leveland kajor and ladiz villages are More deprived.

In Iran, due to withheld identify potential tourism revenue of the industry is very low.in Yazd Province, One Meybod is considered as one of the rare ancient examples in Iran that Still many phenomena and elements of ancient city like: Kohandejh, Sharestan, Rabaz and its components and also, development of ancient city traces can be found during different ages. Existence of naringhaleh, khanehsalar, kabutarkhaneh tower, kelarCistern, The Grand Mosque, Chaparkhaneh, yahkchalkheshti, Caravanserai set in Meybod Garden CityHas played a major role in national index. And It's in tier cities such as medina of Tunis, mezara Italy, Durham and Beth of England. Daily admission ofThis historical and cultural monumentsis potential for hundreds of foreign and domestic tourists. but, a prerequisite conveying to realizing This potential is restorations of This impressive monuments. This article has been done to evaluate the impact of tourism activities in the modernization and refurbishment of the historic fabric of the Meybodcity. Methods of historical researchiscross-sectional. The results show thatdespite the many tourist attractions in the Meybodcity, Not as expected this industry has not been affected upgrading and modernization. Although we can notignoredIts impact on the development of a caravanserai, application Change in Cistern to the carpet and carpet weaving industry. but, by taking such: Existence of Garden CityAnd prevent texture damage, Benchmarking of Global samplesIn keeping with local values, Accentuate for tourism needs According to global index, It can be a bright future for tourism industry development and Because of it predicted the expansion and modernization and improvement.

Timely and accurate change detection of earth surface features is extremely important for understanding relationships and interaction between human and natural phenomena in order to promote better decision making. Remote sensing data are primary sources extensively used for change detection in recent decades. In this study, images of landsat (MSS) 1975 and landsat (ETM+) 2003 were analyzed using six change detection techniques in 215863 hectares in the region of Dehloran, Ilam province. Change detection techniques considered were image differencing, principal components analysis differencing, NDVI differencing, canonical components analysis differencing, tasscap differencing and post-classification comparison. In this study, from statistical method for determining the threshold level was used which from the change threshold was achieved. In this study, threshold level was set at±1 standard deviation from the mean. After determining optimal threshold, areas having decreasing change, increasing change and no change was determined. Based on ground data and field visit and Google Earth, accuracy assessment of change detection techniques was carried out using overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient. According to the results, PCA2 differencing with overall accuracy of 85 and Kappa coefficient of 78% showed the highest accuracy among applied change detection techniques and on the contrary, Tasscap differencing with overall accuracy 60 and Kappa coefficient of 53% had lowest accuracy in land use/land cover change in study area.

Geomorphological features affected some factors such as climate, geology, vegetation, slope, soil, etc that can create erosion forms. Undoubtedly, erosion forms will be developed according tocharacteristic geomorphology. Azghand catchment located in the city of Kashmar and mahvalat from khorasanrazavi province,in term of geological structure considered as a part of mountain range of central Iran.in terms oflithology’s Expansion and diversification, Geological units were formed from alluvium and Tertiary. In this study, we have tried toanalyzedinfluential factors on Geomorphology forms and erosion shapes. results showed thatstudy area in terms of geomorphologyseparateinto twodistinct mountains and hills units. In total 9 faces were identified that among this facieses, Most of the area are allocated to rocky outcropswith25 to 50 percent of the mountain and Valley with an area of 1171.6 hectares (35.8% of total watershed area). According to geomorphological factors affecting erosion in the catchment, slope and topography as the most important factor and Vegetation and surface runoff to be considered as the next factors. Among erosion forms, Surface erosion in the basins are substantially and Amongregion’serosion facies, debris is more present. So there is 6erosion faciesesin the basin.most extensive erosion facieses in basins, a lot of erosion debris is in the elevation range of 1500 to 2000 meters that is 1519.27 hectares (46.32% of the total basins). In addition to natural factors, anthropogenic factors could also be useful in expanding erosion forms.

This article tries to research the demographic components that change the urban housing. For this purpose, it has been used the demographic components that seem to have the most influence on housing in Amol city. In continue of the research, has been used the descriptive-analytic method. Finding of research shows the impact of the demographic components (growth rate, number and size family, structure age of population and migration…) on the urban housing. in a way that the demographic components of Amol city indicates that the demand rate is in front of the supply rate. Finally, an interaction has been observed between these subjects. But unfortunately, it is not regarded enough by housing planners in Iran and it needs more attention.

The objectives of politicians and policymakers in each country, is Resource management . Energy is one of the most important resource ineach country. utilization management is an important part of Energy Management.so Knowledge of energy consumption at the macro level is Essential to plan for the future. In Smaller scale also City managers, needs to manage their City energy consumption. And find models is useful to assist them. In this paper, in order to find an optimal model for the interpolation of gas consumption at Hamedan City Neighborhood in beginning Generalities of the interpolation model is described and then hamedan status and affective parameter in gas consumption is analyzed and at final the best optimized model for gas consumption is identified. With a sampling of subscribers, and utilization of Arc Gis software, several models are interpolated and optimized and results are tested with use of Cross-validation method till the best model of gas optimization will be identified. also at end, after Conclusions, Gas reduce consumption in housing unitsis proposed. Tools such as maps, photographs, and satellite imagery, inventory, databases, and Web sites have been used in data collection.

By increasing of people and rising immigration rates to cities specially in developing countries, it start the invasion of population to metropolises. Subsequently, some kind of occupancy take place in these metropolises because of uncoordinated development. This sort of residence has formed by residents- who are the indigent stratum of community- without a significant pattern. It is obvious that formation of this class of residence, named informal settlement, has a direct correlation to economical level and social situations of countries. These residences are shelters for the ones who are active in urban economy and service sectors, although have no profit from them. The complexity of internal context and inhabiting particular social stratum cause the formation of contrast between these districts and adjacent neighbors. Social contempt, poverty and physical problems (loss of penetration & lack of circulation in internal texture) increase the risk of crime in some of these areas that generally originated from economical and social matters. Such items cause these areas identified as abnormal nodes of the city, and automatically may demonstrate another problems that impose more cost to community. Consequently improvement of these residences is inevitable. In this research we are pursue answering some questions such as:1-What is the main physical specifications of informal settlements;2-What is the relationship between these specifications and residents;3-What kind of social stratums occupy these residences; and4-Does economic-social resemblance can stimulate collaborative movement and public participation to solve the problems involved those areas.

Subsidence phenomenon as one of geomorphological hazardsin recent years in parts of countryIncluding some parts of the Mashhad Plain has reached critical stage. And development and construction, and agriculture planning has faced severe restrictions. Although many factors have contributed to this phenomenon but most important of the Mashhad Plain has been underground water exceeded unlimited impressionsand has been preventing return of potable, industry and agriculture water to plain. Mashhad plain in terms of uptake water is supercritical state and According to rapid physical growth of Mashhad, Each month will see Slow changes but risky(Particularly in the South East, Tus, gherghi, Khajeh Rabi, and North East). So that in hasankhodro villagerange and northwest part of plains, The pressure drop in underground water levels, according to records reached More than 30 meters over 24 years data records. The main objective of this paper isSurvey of effective factors in plains subsidence and annual drop in water table In Mashhad aquifercause by Excessive uptaking. By Using radar interferometry techniques, GPS Operations, and conducted Analysis and assessment. In some parts of plains aquifer was determined that rate of annual decline in groundwater level 1.47 meters dropped and Maximum subsidence and cavities with geomorphic formsoccurredin central and southeastern parts.

New cities that are built with spatial development of the country and Accommodation major cities overflow incentives, created many problems Due to the lack of comprehensive studies in various fields. andisheh new city as well one of new city constructed to Accommodation overflow population of Tehran and karaj cities Because of lack of adequate studies on locating create Many problems, especially in terms of the environment in present and future.so Evaluation of new cities Whether pre-construction and construction and mode of operation for new city is considered as a necessity. And assessment techniques used in the construction and operation and with proper systematic planning can reduced problems and damaging effects of the new cities. The results of the evaluation will recommended in place, changes in operations, changes in project design and planning, non-essential spreading limiting. this research is a fundamental - practical and its method is descriptive-analytical. Andisheh New city location By using effective index of new cities locating were evaluated. Our results indicate that accurate and consistent locating of andisheh new city Is ignored For some factors such as cheaper land, Governmental land, access to certain facilities (roads, electricity, gas, water, etc.)

Rural habitats as a cultural perspective resulting from the interaction between human and the environment have undergone changes in their physic-spatial fabric due to processes brought about by the internal and external forces to cause difficulties and inefficiencies to the life and the survival of the villagers. Cities as centers of excellence in the geographical space have exerted great influences on the transformation procedure of the rural space through the prevalence of specific patterns of lifestyle. Here, cities and villages mutually affect one another and cause complicated effects to various aspects. Dispersion and distribution of the rural space in the countryside and especially within the immediate borders is greater than the other villages pertaining to the city; consequently, optimal use of rural habitats as the basic configuration of living places necessitates changes in the appearance and the function to the point of imitating urban clusters. As such, the spatial location of villages and cities is investigated analytically through a practical approach via the information from libraries and field studies. Moreover, the impacts of dispersion and distribution of rural habitats in cities and the trend of change in the villages caused by time and space following the city life are taken into consideration.