JOURNAL OF THE STUDIES OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS PLANNING (JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHICAL LANDSCAPE)
Year:2018 | Volume:13 | Issue:1 (42) |Papers Count:18

IntroductionHuman beings have been long making shelters to deal with external factors and live withcomfort. Later, scientists found that the higher the quality of the interior spaces of the builtenvironment ranging from cooling or thermal comfort, audio and even better interior ventilationhas a significant role in physical and, mental health of the residents. Because of the ruggednessand impassibility of the most mountainous regions, providing thermal comfort with fossil fuelsneeds electricity and gas grid, which is difficult to achieve, and is not cost-effective. On theother hand, making roads and power grids equals subsequent loss of hectares of forests andconsequently tens of plant and animal species. Due to lack of this comfort, forest and mountaindwellers and tribal people are forced to wander and migrate unplanned to urban and suburbanareas, which in turn have grounded serious problems. Accordingly, this article pays specialattention to the indoor thermal comfort in mountainous settlements. The case under study was located in Dowsaledeh village (Khorgam, Rudbar) and the mainquestions that were answered in this research are: A. How can dominant native rural settlements of mountainous areas of Guilan be studied interms of thermal comfort during the year on valid scientific methods? B) In what period of the year do these settlements provide suitable thermal comfort and at whattimes will it be difficult.

IntroductionSome urban spaces, due to their structural and social features, create situations in which criminals are encouraged to commit crimes. Although in these spaces, the rate of crimes may be low, these spaces induce the sense of defenseless to citizens and give rise to the sense of unsafety and fear among people. As a result, the use of such spaces decrease gradually and their emptiness results in the situations that are proper for committing crimes. This fact is more probable in central and worn areas due to the dominant physical and social conditions in these areas. These areas are known as “ defenseless spaces” , which are prone to crimes more than other urban spaces. Factors such as the emptiness of the environment, chaos, and weariness lead to the creation of such unsafe spaces. On the other word, these are spaces that do not have any positive effects on the surrounding environment as well as the people who use them. Urban defenseless spaces are areas that according to their physical properties, they are more suitable spaces for committing crimes relative to other urban areas. These spaces often do not belong to any body and even if they have proprietress, they are abandoned. Urban defenseless spaces are so important in urban studies due to their numerous effects on the urban lives especially their effect on the creation of fear and unsafety. So, performing systematic research in this field develops new insights. Harandi neighborhood in the central area of Tehran faces with different types of physical and social problems. So, these problems are effective in creating defenseless spaces in this neighborhood. In order to investigate defenseless spaces in Harandi neighborhood, the safety audit model was used. ...

IntroductionDevelopment and Expansion of the city in vertical and horizontal directions is one of the important issues for urban planners and planners in all cities of the world. The expansion of the city is caused to change in the urban land use; surely, the more the expansion and development of the city is more, the more the changes made to the land. Since the use of traditional methods for determining urban development and land use changes has time consuming and costly. Therefore urban development and land use changes can be reviewed using multi-dimensional satellite imagery, multi maps and remote sensing measurement. Using these measurements can be showed the urban development and the urban land use changes in different periods and compared with each other and can be obtained the amount of those changes over the previous period. The Parsabad city was established in the event of development plan and civilization of Moghan Plain in order to exploit the fertile land of the plain as a novel city in 1953. The whole development stages of the city are carried out in four stages which the first; second, third and fourth stages occurred before 1957, 1957-1986, 1986-1996, after 1996, respectively. Due to the rapid urban development in agricultural lands is led to change land use around the city in the past years. Therefore, the overall objective of this research is to assess and analyze the physical development and land use changes in Parsabad city and the surrounding lands of the city using satellite imagery for 26 years. The research hypothesis is as follows: It seems that the area of agricultural and land cover areas around the city decreased with the development of Parsabad city, and the area of Parsabad city has been tripled during 26-year period. Modeling of the land use change and urban development facilitated using the development of the GIS and RS measurement in providing appropriate spatial information in the 1990s and their use in spatial modeling of land use changes. The Satellite Remote sensing has provided multi-spectral and multi-time data that is both cost effective and provides valuable information for understanding and monitoring of patterns and land development processes. They also provided a set of covert data and land use data. These data could be used to determine the type, amount and practice of land use change. . . .

Introduction Today, the importance of urban and urban constructions was considered more than ever from environment purifying perspective in a healthy city framework, and it is a necessity of sustainable development. So the concept of a city without green space in its various forms is inconceivable. Given the importance of Green space in urban areas, research of quality and quantity condition of green space and its evaluation in urban areas of Iran has not been formulated. In the Biseem part of Zanjan, in addition to the low per capita of urban Green Space compare to existing standards, spatial distribution of this user does not follow the principle of equitable distribution and it is not properly accessible to all people in the city. In general, the lack of proper urban Green Space in this area is the main motivations for this research. ...

Introduction Growing and expanding tourism in today's fashion is one of the important phenomena of the late 20th century. Improving public transportation and the ownership of more private vehicles allowed people to buy second homes instead of healthy non-urban recreation and personal investment in property purchases. The growth of second homes is generally the result of the migration of wealthy urban classes to rural areas of good weather Which because of the preservation of family belongingshave improved the ownership of agricultural lands and orchards in their father's homes or used in the same past to spend their leisure time. Tourism of second homes like other tourism patterns in rural areas can have many effects on rural areas. Ziarat Village is considered by the townspeople and tourists of the second homes due to the cool climate, unique landscape, beautiful forests, tourist destinations and low distance to Gorgan since the early 80's. The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between tourism of the second homes and its social consequences in the development of the village of Ziarat. ...

IntroductionWorld population growth and rampant consumerism culture in recent decades due to urban and rural communities with something called mass disposal of waste generated face. Although it is a history in cities, in rural areas of our country is considered a new phenomenon. As long as the rural lifestyle of simple, traditional and introspective have had, waste production and waste compared to urban population at a level very low, but with changing lifestyles and the arrival of new products and increased consumption in the rural community, the amount of waste generated in rural households is also increased; As a result, Management and Disposal in rural areas is also important to own again. Disposal of waste in rural areas is because not only cause disease, stench and ugliness of the environment, but also with contaminated soil and climate create a lot of damage in the natural and social lifecycle. Solid waste management challenges to the plethora of problems developing countries have been added. Changes in infrastructure and pollution of natural ecosystems, including recent developments are the rural community. Perhaps the words of the expansion of urban consumption patterns and the influx of some polluting sources privacy rural villages and changing consumption patterns, environmental pollution in rural areas of the country has provided. Rapid population growth, industrial development and technological progress days and thus an increase in waste, causing serious health problems among human societies have, in addition to collecting such materials in most countries of the world, especially in developing countries do not have the technology so advanced. Absence of proper management in the management of municipal and rural ranging from waste products of human, animals and plants in the environment, because of the different types of food wastes with moisture and the right temperature and sanctuaries has always been piles of trash are the main factors causing many are human and animal diseases. ...

IntroductionIncreasing population growth in urban areas and car dependency creates many negative socio-economic, physical and environmental impacts for cities, so cities today need many urban public spaces to reduce the negative impacts of population and building density. If urban spaces as a space accessible to everyone for social actions are not in a high quality, they will have undesirable impacts on the various aspects of urban life. The emergence of these issues reveals the importance of the existence of walkways and their vitality. On the other hand, more people's satisfaction from urban spaces leads to more use of these spaces and ultimately brings vitality. ...

IntroductionThe industrial revolution in the 18th and 19th centuries brought about great transformations in cities the most important result was the increase in the population of cities and, consequently, the physical-spatial expansion of these cities, the emergence of metropolis is typical example of it. It also prompted urbanization speeds in developed and developing countries (Narimah, 2006, p1). In this regard, the modern and industrial city of West is the birth of industrial revolution and changes which has occurred as a result of the development of the productive forces of society. ...

IntroductionUrban areas are centers of economic growth, social and political in the country itself as the most attractive places to build wealth, work, creativity and innovation have demonstrated. but, the areas with significant challenges in the fields of physical and environmental degradation, social exclusion, insecurity, unemployment, lack of housing and urban traffic are facing severely reduce quality of life. However, policy makers and planners at national and international are emphasized levels on the ability of cities to improve the quality of human life. Germi City including in the migration from other country. No doubt the quality of life can be a major cause of population decline is Germi City. In this context, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the satisfaction of life quality in Germi city (Iran) and comparing of the heptahedral quarters of the city which has done using with 62 mental indices classified in eight variable groups. Scientific explanation underlying factors affecting quality of life of citizens can plan and improve the lives of citizens and better models to provide future planning. . . .

Introduction In today's world, migrating and people's spatial displacing as a sustainable topic in various fields of human, social, and geography has attracted the attention of researchers. Immigration is one of the four main causes of population change, due to its nature, in addition to long-term changes; it can create fast and short-term effects on population size and structure. Research on the migration of villagers to cities mainly seeks to explain why villagers are migrating and what are the factors influencing their decision on migration. Economic and non-economic factors co-coordinately affect on the causes and motivation of rural migration to city. All evidences suggest that young people tend to emigrate more than other age groups. In the long term, this may lead to reduce and siphon off the young generation from rural areas. The weaknesses of rural infrastructure may also double this problem in result this can lead villagers to migrate to urban areas in order to get better opportunities. Therefore, immigration has been occured in particular among the graduate strata as a runaway brain drain from rural areas. In this way, the traditional value of rural communities based on the simplicity and clarity seems to be fading in comparison with urban culture, and migration seems to be one of its consequences. The majority of researches on rural migration to cities have mainly focused on identifying reasons and factors for taking place this migration until new solutions and strategies can be presented for rural development planning. Therefore, this study has focused on exploring various factors affecting the rural migration to Sardasht city. ...

IntroductionMost urban spaces experience, over time, physical degradation or functional degradation so that they can no longer meet the needs of the people. Also, time affects the physical tissues of the city and shows its various cultural, economic and political conditions. Historically, the study of the field of improving the quality of urban space in problematic tissues has examined a range of physical, economic, managerial and social considerations. Maintaining the great cultural and historical values that lie in some urban contexts are alive and prominent through studying and planning. In addition to presenting as the culture of the people of this land, these values, as symbols of national identity, can be presented to future generations. An innovative approach, insight, and a comprehensive approach that seeks to analyze urban problems and, consequently, to provide sustainable environmental, social, physical and economic development of the planning area. One of the historical and memorable places in Tehran is the Mashgh Square Complex, which has experienced several periods of development and change from the Qajar period to the 1300s so far as the most suitable position for the establishment of state and commercial agencies, so that today there is no evidence of a military-historical field. These changes during less than two centuries long, have had huge memorials for the city and its inhabitants. Unfortunately, nowadays, the complex of Mashhad Square, in spite of landscape values, aesthetics, architecture, history and culture, is not considered a living and active urban environment in practice. Unfortunately, nowadays, the complex of Mashgh Square, in spite of its landscape values, aesthetics, architecture, history and culture, is not considered as a living and active urban environment in practice. Research questions are: 1) Why is the quality and value of historical identity of Tehran's Mashgh Square dropped? 2) How can the spatial regeneration of this urban space help? The research objectives are: Investigating the impacts of effective factors on the rehabilitation of the field complex and developing the regeneration strategies of this complex has been to eliminate existing obstacles and transform them into a vibrant, secure, high-quality, cultural-historical space. ...

IntroductionRural areas in developing countries have several limited options for economic development and Traditional agricultural activities are as the primary sources of income and job. For this reason planners and decision makers try to find new options for socio-economic development. According to the experiences of various countries shows that tourism is one of the most important development approaches to rural development. Tourism, especially rural tourism, is an important resource that has to be taken into consideration for developing rural areas. Rural tourism represents an opportunity for local communities for socio-economic development in developing countries. This can contribute to reduce the exodus of population from rural areas and to create job opportunities, promoting the socio-economic development of disadvantaged areas. Rural tourism is referring to all types of activities carried out by tourists in rural areas (agritourism, direct sales in farm, educational farms) including the elements related to traditions, culture and hospitality of the people from villages. One of the most important forms of rural tourism can be in the form of second home ownership as a new lifestyle in the rural areas. To increase investment in rural areas to create employment and improve the social environment can provide the rural economy and improve residents' quality of life can help. So that, while respecting the stability and protection of environmental assets, strengthening and diversifying the rural economy works through income generating employment, improving local markets, etc., to strengthen the non-monetary factors affecting the quality of life such as the development local social networks, health, feel valued and so play a vital role in rural settlements. ...

IntroductionTourism is one of the realities of the economic, social, human society is undeniable today. These activities respond to the needs of men's hearts for relaxation, recreation, culture and enjoyment of the natural beauty and pristine. The A subfield of tourism, rural tourism, which is due to natural and cultural capacities in rural areas, can play an important role in the revitalization of rural areas, create jobs and income to the villagers, protection of natural heritage, history and culture and in finally, integrated and sustainable rural development have. ...

IntroductionOne of the development indicators whose geographical distribution in provinces is always heterogeneous is the health-therapeutic index. For this reason, planners and policy makers have always tried to pay special attention to the proper distribution of health-care facilities during the development plans while trying to improve their health. Injustices in the distribution of health services and facilities impose heavy financial burdens on societies. The continuity of these inequalities leads to backwardness and slower growth of societies. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate and rank the degree of development of the Zagros Mountains of health-treatment Index care planning model (VIKOR, TOPSIS and taxonomy correction), The results of these three models provide integrated model is based on the integration techniques. ...

IntroductionMehr housing project is the largest national housing scheme that due to its broadness and being a massive new project, it is necessary to examine the results of such experience. Regarding the fact that in the process of urban planning paying attention to social issues as an integral part of urban plans is inevitable. We can examine and determine the influential approaches on social concepts by designating social sustainability dimensions. ...