JOURNAL OF ANIMAL BIOLOGY
Year:2008 | Volume:1 | Issue:1|Papers Count:10

Morning Glory Seeds called tlitlitzin were used ritually by the Aztec for their psychoactive properties to communicate with the Sun Gods. Spanish chroniclers in the mid 16th century reported on the divinatory use of these seeds. Their use has continued in southern Mexico, although it wasn' t until about 1900 that tlitlitzin was identified botanically as Morning Glory.In this research the effect of Ethanolic extract of Ipomoea violacea on fear behavior in the adult male rats. Research based on Intra cerebro ventricular (I.C.V) injection of amount (250, 500, 1000 mg/rat) ethanolic extract of Ipomoea violacea and pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) with 20 mg/kg dose (I.P) .In control group 1 ml of saline had been injected and in positive control group 20 mg/kg of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) .Intra peritonealy (I.P) had been injected. Elevated Plus- maze used for behavioral test. Results showed i.c.v injection of 1000 (mg /rat) in comparison with control group (saline) increased fear (p<0.05). Meanwhile have not any significant difference between all doses with positive control and saline control. showed i.c.v injection of 1000 (mg/rat) with 20 (mg/rat) PTZ drug i.p injection in comparison with control group (saline) increased fear (p<0.05) and too showed i.c.v injection of 500 (mg/rat) in comparison with positive control group decrease fear (p<0.05). There are between 500 and 1000 (mg/rat) significant difference.Final this study confirm effective of ethanolic extract Ipomoea violacea seeds On fear behavior and interaction between extract with drug PTZ.

Aims: increasing applications of electric and electromagnetic fields have caused some anxieties in human health. This research work has been done on the effects of 0.04 T and 0.06 T intensities with 50HZ frequency in lactatdehydrogenase and glucose concentration of adult NMRI mice. In this work solenoid coils to produce electromagnetic fields were used two experimented groups (n=12) were exosed to electromagnetic wave four hours a day for 28 days. The results of experimental groups were compared with sham groups (n=6) and controls (n=6). Electromagnetic investigation of transaminase showed significant increase of lactatdehydrogenase (p<0.05) in 0.06, 0.04 mT electromagnetic field compared with sham and control groups. The amount of glucose concentration decreased at the same field significantly (p<0.05). Results of this research work showed electromagnetic field caused effect on the lactatdehydrogenase and glucose concentration.

Bovine Leukosis that is established by leukemia virus. an exogenous C-type oncovirus in the Retroviridae family, is one of the diseases that can infect various animal species naturally or experimentally.175 blood samples were supplied form Holstein of dairy cattle. Genomic DNA was extracted from 100 μl of blood samples according to Boom, R. et al. (1989) method that modified by Shaikhaev (1995). Gel monitoring and spectrophotometric methods were used for detection of DNA quantity and quality. In standard PCR reactions primers gag1 and gag2 amplified a 347 bp fragment from the polymorphic region of BLV gene. Products of amplification were recognized by electrophoresis on 1.4% agarose gel stained with ethidium bromide.32 (18.2%) cattle were positive.

Background: CREB is an important downstream protein for many signaling pathways. By having efficient siRNAs against CREB, it may be possible to assess the role of molecules involved in signaling pathways in different cell types. In this research the efficiency of CREB knockdown by 2 different siRNAs in HeLa cells has been studied.Materials and methods: HeLa cells were transfected by siRNAs using Lipofectamine 2000. RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis have been done. The efficiency of CREB knockdown has been assessed by quantitative relative real time PCR. According to our results only one of the siRNAs has a high level of inhibitory effect on CREB gene expression in HeLa cells. The expression of CREB by this siRNA was knocked-down by 64.4% in HeLa cells.Conclusion: By using efficient siRNA specifically for knocking down of CREB gene, we can apply this efficient siRNA in different cell types due to study of signaling pathway which CREB may be involved.

Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells that induce and control the immune responses. These cells have the capacity of stimulation different types immune response (type 1 or 2) in exposure to peripheral signals. The aim of this study was DCs culture, proliferation and maturation from mouse bone marrow progenitors. Bone-marrow derived DCs (BMDCs) were cultured in the presence of GM-CSF and IL-4. After 5 days, LPS and cholera toxin were added to the culture for another 2 days. Expression of surface molecules and cytokine production in BMDC culture evaluated. The result shown that LPS stimulated DCs were matured. Exposure with CT induce IL-10 and with LPS induce IL-12 production by DCs. These fundings indicate that 7 days culture of mouce bone marrow progenitors can produce professional dendritic cells and with added different components in DCs culture induce appropriate type 1 or 2 of immune responses.

Adrenergic neurotransmission plays important role in opiate withdrawal. In this study the effect of alpha-2 agonist (clonidine) on opiate withdrawal were studied because there are opposite reports about its actions. Animals divided to 4 groups: Control and three groups that they received clonidine in three doses (0.02 mg /kg, 0.2 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg). Animals were addicted by injection of morphine and withdrawal syndrome was induced with injection of 20mg/kg (i.p.) naloxone. Withdrawal signs were evaluated for 30 min.Clonidine had not affected grooming, paw tremor and ejaculation and other sign such as body tremor in doses.0.02 mg/kg (P£0.02), 0.2 mg/kg) P£0.04 (and 2 mg/kg) P£0.002), defecating in doses 0.02 mg/kg (P£0.015), 0.2 mg/kg) P£0.039 (and 2 mg/kg) P£0.015), chewing in doses 0.02 mg/kg (P£0.0001), 0.2 mg/kg) P£0.001 (and 2 mg/kg) P£0.001), teeth chattering in doses 0.0 2mg/kg (P£0.02), 0.2 mg/kg) P£0.01 (and 2 mg/kg P£0.02) and wet dog shakes in doses. 0.02 mg/kg (P£0.026), 0.2 mg/kg) P£0.011 (and 2 mg/kg) P£0.034) decreased significantly. This drug increased standing on feet (P£0.02 (and jumping (P£0.005) in 2 mg/kg dose. It seems that clonidine decreased signs by induce endogenous opiate release or affects alpha-2 receptors and inhibit noradrenalin release Enhancement of signs may be related to clonidine action on the other receptors such as a1-adrenoceptors or imidazoline receptors.

Always population increase is assumed one the main problems of societies and population control with chemical drugs is one of the most human concern.Side effects of use this drugs drives human to use of vegetable drugs. Foeniculum vulgare is one of them witch this current study addressed to survey the effect of its seed alcoholic extract on gonadotropin hormones changes. In this study is used the male rat of wistar race 2-3 month aged (with the approximated weight of 190±10 gr). Animal was classified to four experimental group and one control groups. Four experimental group for 15 days was received the doses of 35, 70, 140, 280 mg/kg of fennel seed alcoholic extract. At this time was inject the physiology serum to control group intraperitonealy (IP). During experimental take place blood sampling from animals in 7 and 15 to asses the hormone and the testosterone hormone such as LH, FSH was evaluated with considering to results the level of LH, FSH in case group in first week has significant difference to control group at sometime and decreasing trend in dose of 35 to 280 mg/kg. Furthermore the levels of these hormones in second week at case groups show the significant difference with decreasing trend. This is Warthy to say that the level of testosterone hormone has significant difference only between first and second week.

In present study, the effects of intra-dorsal hippocampal (intra-CA1) injection of cannabinoid receptor agents on memory formation have been investigated in 3-days morphine-treated rats. Method: Passive avoidance task of memory has been used to examine for retrieval of memory formation, 24 h after training. morphine was injected subcutaneously (S.C.), once daily for 3-days followed by 5 days free of the morphine before training.Results: Post-training intra-CA1 administration of cannabinoid receptor agonist, WIN55, 212-2 (0.25 and 0.5 mg/rat) and CB1 receptor antagonist, AM251 (25 and 50 ng/rat, intra–CA1) decreased memory retrieval. Administration of AM251 (25, 50 and 100 ng/rat, intra - CA1), 2 min before injection of effective dose of WIN55, 212-2 (0.5 mg/rat) decreased the response induced by WIN55, 212-2. Repeated administration of different doses of morphine (2.5, 5 and 10 mg /kg) for 3-days incraesed memory retrieval. However, repeated administration of different doses of morphine (2.5, 5 and 10 mg /kg) for 3-days reversed amnesia induced by WIN55, 212-2.Conclusion: The results suggest that cannabinoidergic and opioidegic system have a close interaction on memory retrieval and WIN55, 212-2 influence on memory formation and subchronic morphine pre-treatment may restore memory through a possible opioidergic receptor sensitization.