JOURNAL OF ANIMAL BIOLOGY
Year:2013 | Volume:6 | Issue:1|Papers Count:11

Pomegranate juice is an important source of antioxidant compounds and is a rich source of poly phenols, which are able to deal with the harmful effects of oxidation processes in tissues. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effects of pomegranate juice on some factors of hemogram and weight in diabetic mature male rats. 48 mature male rats were studied in the groups of normal control, sham and experimental, diabetic control, sham and experimental. The experimental groups were divided into three categories had received a gavage amounts juice with 1, 2 and 4 ml daily for 21 days. The sham group received distilled water and the control group was not treated. At the end of 21 days were bled from the heart ventricle of the animals and using routine laboratory were measured the total number of white and red Globule blood, platelets, hemoglobin and hematocrit, mean cell hemoglobin concentration, mean cell hemoglobin, MCV and weight change. The data were evaluated using ANOVA, LSD and t test. The results showed that pomegranate juice can increase weight, number of white globule and volume of globule red, and decrease of platelets in mature male rats. The findings concluded that pomegranate juice probably due to antioxidant compounds and reduce stress hormones can increase white globule and weight and decrease platelets.

This research was done for surveying effects of benefited gravels on benthic animals in Tonekaboon River in southern of Caspian Sea from 1382 to 1383. Seasonal sampling were done in two stations from upper and under the river and one station in benefited gravel area. the samples catch from stations were included 14 families belong to 9 orders from benthic animals. The density of samples population, in first station between 1020 to 5740 N/m3, in second station between 47 to 1230 N/m3, and third station between 251 to 5577 N/m3, were counted in. The least of abundance and biomass were belong to second station and 5% of total benthoses in this area, were content. Because of subversion of habitat and unstable bed of the river and Seston increasing, abundance of benthoses was decreased extremely. The effects of bed destructed to bank of river were traced.

Ethanol and nicotine produce some effects via activation of mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic pathway which projects from the ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens and hippocampus. Dopamine D2 receptors have been detected in dorsal hippocampus, which is a key brain region that influences learning and memory. In the present study, influence of dopamine D2 receptors of dorsal hippocampus in nicotine’s effect on ethanol-induced amnesia was investigated. In this experimental study 255 adult male NMRI mice were used (24 group). The animals anaesthetized and cannulae implanted bilaterally in the CA1 regions of the dorsal hippocampus using stereotaxic method. Seven days after recovery from surgery, the behavioral testing was started in inhibitory avoidance task. In this study ethanol, nicotine and sulpiride (D2 receptor agonist) were used. The Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by a two-tailed Mann-Whitney's U-test, were used for analysis of the data. Differences with P<0.05 between experimental groups at each point were considered statistically significant. Pre-training or pre-test injection of ethanol induced amnesia (P<0.001). Pre-test administration of ethanol or nicotine restored amnesia ethanol (P<0.001). Pre-test intra-CA1 injection of sulpiride blocks the nicotine reversal effect on ethanol amnesia (P<0.001). On the other hand, pre-test injection of nicotine or sulpiride has no effect on memory by itself (P>0.05). Our results in this study indicated that the blockage of dopamine d1 receptors of dorsal hippocampus decreases nicotine-induced restoration of ethanol amnesia.

This paper presents data from a fifteen-year (1998-2012) monitoring of migratory wintering waterfowl and wader's fauna species diversity in Arjan International Wetland. During a 15 periods from 1998 to 2012, a total of 309674 wetland birds composed of 71 species from16 families and 6 orders of the bird’s fauna of Iran were observed during the course of this study. The most common species counted was the common teal (Anas crecca) with a total of 51248 individuals. The results indicated that among families of migratory wintering waterfowl and waders in Arjan international wetland the largest family was Anatidae with 80.496 percent abundance and the lowest was Ciconidae with 0.018 percent. In these periods of studying, year of 1999 with 77580 individuals has the highest population numbers and year of 2011 with 1002 individuals has the lowest. The highest and lowest species richness was recorded in years of 2004 and 2011 with 38 and 6 species, respectively. The results show that waterfowl fauna with 81.03 percent and wader's fauna with 18.97 percent has the highest and lowest abundances in this period, respectively. According to the results of species diversity and evenness the year of 2004 has the highest biodiversity of migratory wintering waterfowl and wader's fauna in Arjan International Wetland and the year of 2010 has the lowest biodiversity (P<0.05).

The study effects of sublethal concentrations of EDTA on liver of rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) were studied in vitro conditions. These experiments were carried out based on the standard TRC, 1984 method during 96 h. Fishes with an average weighing 51±12 g and length 18.5±2.1 cm were distributed in seven groups with 800, 1000, 1200, 2000, 2200, 2500 and 3500 mgl-1. The experiments periods were controlled water physicochemical factors such as: pH, total hardness, dissolved oxygen and temperature. The toxicity results showed that the 96h LC50 values of EDTA was 2231 mgl-1. Pathology results showed that EDTA cause increase inflammatory cells between tubules and interstitial tissue, porotal invironment, fatty changes, congestion, hialin changes, fibrosis, and necrosis. The results of this research show that EDTA damages liver of the Onchorhychus mykiss and endangers their health.

Cisplatin is an anti-cancer drug used in chemotherapy.One of the limiting side effects of cisplatin use is cytotoxicity and decrease in genital gland function, azoospermia and oligospermia. Tribulus terrestris has been used as an aphrodisiac. The present study amid to investigate protective effect of T. terrestris hydroalcoholic extract on cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity on sperm morphology in mice. In this experimental study, thirty male adult mice with weight 25-30 g were randomaly into five groups pf six each Control group reicived saline, first experimental group received cisplatin (5.5mg/kg) and other three experimental group, that received different doses of hydroalcoholic extact of T.terrestris100-300 and 500(mg/kg/i.p)with cisplatin resepctively. One day after the last injection, blood samples were collected for level serum of NO assay. Also weights of body and epididymis and sperm morphology were assessed. Data analysis was performed using SPSS and one-way ANOVA followed. The results showed that cisplatin leaded to a reduction significantly in the weights of body and epididymis, sperm morphology(normal) and increased level serum of No compared to the control group (P<0.05), while in treated groups with T. terrestris, the weights of body and epididymis, sperm morphology (normal) were higher compared with cisplatin group but serum level of NO did not show significant differences with cisplatin group. The result showed that extract of T. terrestris could effect of protective on cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity on sperm morphology that may be related to the presence of antioxidant components.

Citalopram is an antidepressant drug which is specifically recommended for treatment of depression disorders during pregnancy and lactation. This drug and its metabolite cross the placenta and they are eliminated by kidneys from the body. In this study, histological changes in the kidney of fetuses of pregnant Wistar albino rats treated with two doses of Citalopram (10 and 20 mg/kg/day) were determined. The samples of kidney obtained from fetuses of rats on day 18of gestation were evaluated morphologically and fixed for histology. The sections stained with H&E. Statistical evaluation of data showed that there were no differences in kidney weights between the control and citalopram treatment groups. Moreover, no significant changes were observed in the kidney histology and glomerular number of none of treated groups. The results suggest that citalopram can be considered safe for fetus in pregnancy period.

Aloe with the scientific name Aloe vera is a perennial plant that has useful effects in herbal therapy and herbal medicine. In this research the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Aloe vera gel on the testis and spermatogenesis in mice Balb/C mice were examined. Samples randomly divided into five groups (three treatment groups, placebo and control) and all samples were kept in the same conditions. Aloe vera gel extract in different doses (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/2day) produced by intraperitoneal (IP) for 20 days was administered to the treatment group. Placebo group was used as the injection of saline. The main parameters that were examined changes in levels of testosterone, LH and FSH levels and changes in stem cell number, number primary spermatocytes, and testis weight compared with the control group. All of hormonal experiments using Radioimmunoassay (RIA) were performed. The results showed that Aloe vera extract caused a significant increase in the number of stem cells and primary spermatocytes in the experimental group compared with the control group. Mean of testicular weights and testosterone levels in group 3 (200 mg/kg) increased significantly, while LH and FSH levels did not show significant changes. The findings indicate Aloe vera extract in a dose-dependent effect on testosterone levels and histological characteristics of male mice.

Miankaleh Wildlife Refuge with 68800 hectares area is located in 12km north of Behshahr city, Mazandaran Province in east southern parts of Caspian Sea with altitude 15-28 m below sea level. The present study has been performed in the spring and summer of 2012 in order to faunestic study of reptiles in Miankaleh Wildlife Refuge. Specimens were collected manually, and then specimens and their habitats was photographed using digital camera. Specimens released after identification and recording morphometeric and meristic characters. In this study 11 species belonging to 8 families were identified including: Mauremys caspica, Emys orbicularis, Testudo horsfieldii, Pseudopus apodus, Cyrtopodion caspium, Lacerta strigata, Trapelus agilis, Elaphe dione, Natrix natrix, Natrix tessellata, Platyceps najadum. All of the specimens except Testudo horsfieldii, have been reported previously from Mazandaran province. Among the specimens, just Testudo horsfieldii is known as a vulnerable specimen in Red List Categories of International Union for Conservation of Nature.

The objective of the current research was to investigate the distribution of lipid, protein and moisture throughout the fillets of farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Differences in lipid, protein and moisture content were found amongst different portions of the fillet, being lowest lipid and highest moisture (9.86±0.72), (77.42±1.45) in the tail area and contrast highest lipid and lowest moisture in the middle area (11.28±0.79), (75.35±1.90) respectively (p<0.05). Also recorded the highest amount of protein (42.92±1.52) in the tail area and lowest protein (41.23±1.89) in the middle area (p>0.05). Significant positive regression was obtained between moisture and lipid content of each area, so it seems to calculate lipid content of each area by moisture content.