JOURNAL OF ANIMAL BIOLOGY
Year:2013 | Volume:5 | Issue:3|Papers Count:10

Nicotinic and glutamatergic receptors have role on anxiety-like behavior. But determination site of action for these receptors in the brain needs to be investigated. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the possible involvement of nicotinic and glutamatergic receptors in the dorsal hippocampus on anxiety- like behavior. The male Wistar rats were placed in a stereotaxic apparatus. Two stainless-steel cannuale were placed in the CA1 region of hippocampus. Then, anxiety-like behaviors of animals has been measured using the elevated plus-maze. Our results shown that intra-CA1 administration of MK801 (2 mg/rat) and mecamylamine (2 mg/rat) by itself, increased percentage of open arm time and open arm entries but did not alter locomotion. On the other hand, intra-CA1 co-administration of ineffective doses of mecamylamine (0.5, 1 mg/rat) with ineffective dose of MK801 (1 mg/rat) did not any significant effect on anxiety-like behavior and locomotion activity. Although both NMDA and nicotinic receptors play important role in the modulation of anxiety in the dorsal hippocampus of rats but between these receptors have no interaction on anxiety-like behavior in this site.

In order to find out possible population differentiations of shrimps in Guilan province, a survey was conducted from Jan. to Apr. 2012 in the three stations of Siyahdarvishan River. 813 specimens were collected for the first time. According to Salman et al. (2006) species description, the specimens were identified as Macrobrachium nipponense and they were confirmed by Oxford University Museum of Natural History in the United Kingdom. Results showed that number of eggs varied from 501 to 3578, Sex ratio of male to female was 1 to 1.4, the number of ventral rostral teeth in males and females were from 0 to 6, and dorsal rostral teeth were 8 to 18 in females and in males were 10 to 18. It seems that habitat differences, geographical and ecological situation are the reason for these results.

Despite a wide variety and distribution range of lizards in Iran, as yet no comprehensive work has been done on reproductive biology, especially oogenesis, of these animals in the area. Present research, study and review the oogenic cycle of some of lizards species belong to different families in Iran, including: Cyrtopodion caspium beloning to the family Gekkonidae; Trapelus agilis, Laudakia caucasia, Laudakia nupta and Phrynocephalus scutellatus from the family Agamidae; some species of Eremias, Mesalina watsonana and Iranolacerta brandtii of the family Lacertidae and the scincid lizrard, Trachylepis aurata. The diameters of ovaries, follicles, follicular layer, oviductal eggs, and time of emerge and number of mature follicles and oviductal eggs, and gonadal index were compared among the above representatives of these families. The results showed that all species except Trachylepis aurata, which is a viviparous taxon, are oviparous and females emerge in April. All reproductive activities including oogenesis, vitellogenesis and oviposition are done in spring and summer. By late October, as the weather is getting cold, usually they disappear and start the hibernation period. The oogenic cycle of the lizards of Iran like other lizards of temperate zones follow the associated model and duration of the reproductive period is seriously affected by climate of their habitats.

Inflammatory is the Negative mode that affected the arachidonic acid metabolites, especially prostaglandin is created. According to side effects of chemical anti-inflammatory drugs, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of music on the degree of inflammation. In this study, 40 adult male Wistar rats weighing 250-220 g were studied in groups of control, sham and three experimental. The control group was no treated. The sham group were injected 50 microliters of carrageenan 1% subcutaneously and saline intraperitoneally. The experimental group 1 were injected carrageenan subcutaneously and 2mg/kgBW dexamethasone intraperitoneally and two other groups were injected carrageenan and adagio and allegro music respectively, and based on the formula for measuring the degree of inflammation, extent of inflammation were measured in different groups. The data were evaluated using ANOVA and Tukey. Results showed that dexamethasone reduces inflammation, while none of the two types of music have an effect on reducing inflammation. Music through reducing function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis does not have any effect on inflammation.

Schizocypris brucei belongs to the family Cyprinidae is economic and native in the region of Sistan. In the reproductive season (April 2009), 36 number anjak fish in Hamoun Wetlands and Zabul were analyzed. After catching with fixed net the fish and transferred to the laboratory after biometric, morphometric - meristic characters, Fecundity and diet were determined. According to the results, average standard length was 15.4±1.70 cm (12.9-19.5cm) Average lateral line scales of 92.1±8.95 (76-113), body weight of 55.5±14.45 g (38.4-87.4 g), average total length of 18.5±1.99 cm (15.4-23.5 cm), ovarian weight 2.43±2.18 (0.51-6.91 g), the absolute fecundity 4332.26±3316.67 (1966.96-14077.4 number of eggs ), egg diameter, 0.83±0.21 mm (0.6-1.25 mm), average relative fecundity 69.83±43.37 (45.67-190.38), index average length of intestine in body length 7.00±1.39 (4.76-9.24), index the average growth rate 876.5±115.87 (647.5-1101.7) and index colon weight to total weight of fish, 0.06±0.028 (0.03-0.135). Also pull out the digestive tract of fish, food eaten were identified. According to the results obtained in all cases, spiral intestine of food remnants being degraded and was undetectable and the combined sludge and residue formed. Thus, according to a survey conducted diet of fish was vegetarian. Overall, little difference between the minimum and maximum total length represent the total weight of fish in this lifetime is very low and the low reproductive age shows.

Saw-Scaled viper (Echis carinatus) is one of the most dangerous and poisonous snakes found in Iran and is responsible to many cases of envenomations resulted to the death in the world. The present study was conducted to study the effects of the venom of this snake on birds. To perform this task, 4 individuals of the viper were collected from their natural habitat and kept alive within a televarium. For experimental animals we selected 16 birds (8 males and 8 females) of Melopsittacus undulatus. The birds were released one by one into televarium and bitten by the snakes. The snake-bitten birds were then scrutinized in terms of behavioral reactions and histological changes occurred in their lung and liver. The venom of Echis carinatus was found to cause pain, edema, severe hemorrhage and dissociation of cells tissue. Both local and systemic effects of this snake venom have been associated with the action of a variety of venom components which include metalloproteinases and ecarin.

Today many of the treatment methods are used to treat cancer. Unfortunately, in most cases very poor response is often associated with undesirable side effects. Lack of response to treatment and the rapid growth of the disease, has been made researchers to achieve more effective drugs with fewer side effects. In this study the effect of ethanolic extraction of the Bishop's Flower, Ammi majus on the cancer cell lines Hela and MCF-7 were examined. Cells were cultured in cell culture flasks then transferred to 96 well plates with 10,000 cells. Cells were exposed to different concentrations of Ammi majus. The cytotoxicity of Ammi majus was assessed using the MTT assay after 72 hours. The results of this study showed that ethanolic extract of Ammi majus on Hela cells was significantly reduced the cells grow compared with controls after 72 h. The calculated IC50, was 1.922 mg / ml. The cytotoxicity effect this extract on MCF7 showed that Ammi majus was significantly reduced the MCF7 cells grow compared with controls after 72 h. The calculated IC50, was 10 mg / ml. The effect of this extracts on normal cells (lymphocytes and monocytes in blood) is granted, the results show that the concentration of 10 mg / ml extracts had no effect on normal cells. The results suggest that ethanolic extract of the plant Ammi majus inhibits growth of cancer cells MCF7 and Hela.

In this research, gonadosomatic index (GSI), growth pattern, condition factor (CF), and length-weight regression relationship (LWR) in farmed and wild Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were investigated. In order to establish baseline for research, 85 wild and farmed common carp were prepared during the different season of the year (averagely 10 farmed and 10 wild fish per each season). The results showed that the CF in farmed Common carp was higher than wild carp. GSI didn't show any significant differences between wild and farmed Common carp (P>0.05). The seasonal variation of GSI had significant differences between 2 groups (P<0.05). Correlation index or LWR in wild carp (W=3.391 L0.78) was higher than farmed carp (W=2.679 L0.7) (P<0.05). The line slope of farmed and wild carp were ln W=2.68 ln L-3.738 and ln W=3.391 ln L -5.65, respectively. In this study, growth estimates of wild and farmed common carp showed an Isometric pattern. The increasing trend of wild and farmed carp's GSI during summer to spring was according to spawning period of this fish.