VETERINARY CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (VETERINARY JOURNAL TABRIZ)
Year:2010 | Volume:4 | Issue:1 (13)|Papers Count:9

In this study, 10 samples of the larynx of Camelus dromedarius were evaluated anatomically and histologically. The usual anatomical and histological (H&E and Verhoeff staining methods) were used. For detecting the internal form of larynx, plaster casts were prepared. This study demonstrated that the mean length and width of epiglottis and thyroid cartilages were 8.21±0.28, 4.59 ± 0.34 cm, 6.53±0.28 and ­6.99 ± 0.15­cm, respectively. The average length of dorsal and ventral part of cricoid cartilage was 6.06 ± 0.17 and 4.58 ± 0.25 cm. The mean length of T head and T handle in arytenoid cartilage was 3.58 ± 0.11 and 3.35 ± 0.05 cm, respectively. In addition, the average length and width of corniculate cartilage was 3.52­ ±­0.03 and 1.73 ± 0.04 cm. In this animal, the epiglottis cartilage was long and pointed. Laryngeal prominence in thyroid cartilage was absent. The cuneiform cartilage is very thin and located in the base and sides of epiglottis. Contrary to other animals, the cricoid cartilage of this animal in both dorsal and ventral parts was very thick. Moreover, the vocal and vestibular folds with lateral laryngeal ventricle were present. The histological study showed that epiglottis, corniculate, apex of cuneiform and arytenoid cartilages are made of elastic cartilage and the other cartilages such as thyroid, cricoid and the base of cuneiform cartilages are made of hyaline cartilage. The epithelial tissue of all parts of larynx was stratified squamous nonkeratinized except the cricoid cartilage which had ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

In this study 600 Cobb 500 broiler chickens were divided in six similar groups (A, B, C, D, E&F) with 100 chickens in each group (with four replicates of 25 chickens in each group). 100 g/ton growth promoter antibiotic in experimental group (B), 100 g/ton Prebiotic in experimental group (C), 800 g/ton Acid fires in experimental group (D), 1 kg/ton MOS in experimental group (E) and 4 kg/ton Yeast cell wall in experimental group (F) were added to the basic diets however the control group (A) chickens were fed only with the basic diet. Every week 100 chickens from each group were selected randomly and productive parameters such as weight gain, FCR, EEF, mortality, feed intake (FI) were calculated. On days 9, 17 and 25 of growth (1 day before and 7, 14 days after first Newcastle B1 vaccination), from each groups, each time 20 chickens were chosen randomly and serum antibody titres of these chickens were measured against Newcastle vaccine by HI test. The results obtained from statistical analysis indicated that using natural growth promoting substances not only increases humoral immunity but it also leads to improvement of productive parameters (p<0.05). 

Due to complexity of Zinc metabolism in the body, there is much interest to study this element. Every phase of growth and development requires Zinc. Zinc deficiency leads to many complications including reproduction and fertility disorders, weakness of the immune system and occurrence of secondary infections. In this study, blood samples were obtained from the jugular vein of 200 apparently healthy sheep of Miandoab province using venoject tubes in each season of the year (a total of 800 samples) following age and gender determination. Based on the one-way analysis of variance, there was a significant difference (p<0.01) in serumic levels of Zinc and alkaline phosophatase between difference seasons indicating severe reduction of Zinc levels and increase in Alkalin phosophatase levels during the winter which could be due to consumption of hand fed dried forage containing dust and soil. Also in this study, there was a significant difference (p<0.01) in serumic levels of Zinc and Alkalin phosphatase between different ages of the animals. There was a significant difference in serumic levels of Zinc and Alkalin phosphatase between male and female sheep based on t-Test (p<0.01).

In order to evaluate the management of commercial turkey production and finding existing problems in Iran, 15 commercial flocks of BUT Big6 breed (including 72000 commercial turkeys) were selected randomly and monitored up to marketing age. In this study flock performances based on mean body weight and its coefficient of variation percentage, feed consumption, feed conversion rate, livability percentage and European Efficacy Factor were recorded in 15 flocks for each sex individually and statistically analyzed by SPSS program .The results showed that the mean body weight, livability percentage and European Efficacy Factor in all flocks were significantly lower than the breed's standards (P<0.001). Feed consumption and feed conversion rate were also significantly higher than the standard (P<0.001) and the coefficient of variation percentage was only acceptable in 6 flocks (40% of flocks). It is recommended that for improvement of this developing industry in Iran, increasing technical managements, preparation of special equipments for turkey farming and farmer training are required.

Growth hormone (GH) is a peptide hormone that stimulates growth and cell reproduction in humans and animals. It is a 191-amino acid, single chain polypeptide hormone which is synthesized, stored, and secreted by the somatotroph cells within the lateral wings of the anterior pituitary gland. The goal of this research was to clone and sequence sheep growth hormone of Lori Bakhtiary breed in Iran. For this purpose, RNA was extracted from the pituitary gland of freshly slaughtered sheep and cDNA of growth hormone produced. The T/A cloning technique was used to clone the cDNA of growth hormone and then the synthesized construct was transferred into E. coli as the host. Once the correct recombinants were further confirmed by colony PCR or restriction enzyme digestion, sequencing was done. The sequencing results showed that, the length of sheep growth hormone cDNA was 690 bp fragments. Comparison of sequence of growth hormone inside the synthesized construct with those recorded in Genebank (NCBI, Blast) indicated high degrees of similarity between Iranian native sheep and other sheep breeds of the world.

Toxoplasmosis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases and causes abortion in sheep and goats. In order to detect the slaughterhouse infection rate of toxoplasmosis in sheep and goats of Tabriz area, 186 blood sera samples were prepared and examined for IgG antibodies against toxoplasmosis using the ELISA method. Serological results indicated that the infection rate of Toxoplasma gondii was 18.3% with 13.45% of the infection rate related to sheep and 4.85% related to goats. The results indicate significant difference in the infection rate between sheep and goats of the region which could be related to the higher susceptibility of sheep to toxoplasmosis in comparison with goats. Based on the results of the study the infection rate in females was higher than males with the infection rate in male sheep being 11.5% while that of the females was 25.8% indicating signification difference in infection rates between males and females. The infection rate in male and female goats was 9.1% and 10.8% respectively and no significant difference in infection rate was observed between male and female goats.

Escherichia.coli K99 and Salmonella enteritidis are two main causes of diarrhea in calves. For prevention of diseases caused by these two microorganisms, many methods such as vaccination and passive transmission of immunity could be used. In recent years the concept of using immunized eggs in the feed of sensitive calves has been considered. In order to prepare antigen, E.coli K99 and Salmonella enteritidis were killed by adding 1% formalin solution after culture on Nutrient Broth media (Merck Co.) for 24 hours. The antigens were purified and made ready to use after washing with PBS for three times. The amount of antigen in each dosage was set based on 200mg/ml protein and 1×109 CFU/ml. The hens were injected subcutaneously 4 times in 2 weeks intervals with Freund's complete adjuvant (Sigma Co.) in the first two injections and Freund's complete adjuvant (Sigma Co.) in the second two injections. Sampling was also done in two weeks intervals and then antibody titers in serum and egg samples were assayed by agglutination method. The results of the present study indicated that the immunized eggs were hyper immune and could be used for stimulation of the immune system in one day old calves.

Linguatla serrata is a zoonotic parasite which causes different forms of liguatulosis in humans, carnivores and ruminants. The most important way of human infection is injection of vegetables, fruits and water contaminated by parasite eggs and through nasal and oral secretions and feces of carnivorous especially stray dogs. Also, consumption of raw and under cook meat of sheep, goats, cattle and other herbivores is another risk factor in human infection by Linguatla serrata.  This study was conducted in order to determine the infection rate of dogs by Linguatla serrata in the city of Urmia. In the present study, 37 dogs including 22 male and 15 female animals from different parts of the city were studied. The frontal sinuses, nasal turbinates, brain cavity, nasopharynx and eustachian tubes were examined for adult Linguatla serrata. The recovered parasites were fixed in 10% formalin solution, cleared by lactophenol and stained with azocarmin. Thirty of the studied dogs (81.01%) were infected by Linguatla serrata. The results indicated that body weight, age, sex and geographical locations had no significant effect in the prevalence rate of the parasite. The number of parasites recovered from each dog ranged from 1 to 7 with an average of 2.93 in each dog. The length of the mature linguatula varied from 35-50 mm in females and 2-18 mm in males. The greatest number of parasites was found in the cranial part of the frontal sinus with 7 parasites.

Bovine tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most important zoonotic diseases worldwide. Cases of human tuberculosis of bovine origin have increased in recent years, and this zoonosis has become a public health problem. Mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis, infects both farm animals and wild mammals, which act as a reservoir for the organism, making it difficult to control the disease. The aim of this study was to detect Mycobaterium bovis in blood and lymph node samples of cattle suspected of having tuberculosis by PCR method. PCR assay amplifies a 500-bp fragment from the M. bovis genome by using the JB21-JB22 primer pair. Samples from 100 cattle suspected of having tuberculosis were initially decontaminated with the petroff method and ziehl – Neelsen staining was performed. Then specimens were checked by microscopic examination for acid fast bacilli and cultured on lowenstein – Jensen medium contaning sodium pyruvate. Specimens were also processed for PCR analysis. DNA was extracted from samples with CTAB and proteinase K method and entered in a PCR reaction using JB21-JB22 primers. Electrophoresis of the PCR products were done on agarose gels and visualized by Etidium Bromide staining. From the 100 suspected animals, 1 (1%) was positive in the ziehl–Neelsen method, 2 (2%) in the microbial culture and 8 (8%) in the PCR method. The results indicated that the JB21-JB22 PCR with high degrees of sensitivity and specificity is the best method for detection of M. bovis in animals affected by bovine tuberculosis.