VETERINARY CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (VETERINARY JOURNAL TABRIZ)
Year:2016 | Volume:10 | Issue:1 (37)|Papers Count:8

In cattle, small quantity of immunoglobulins is transferred to fetus through the placenta, so their transfer from colostrum is very important. Failure of passive immunity transfer is one of the main factors causing the susceptibility of newborn calves to various diseases, especially diarrhoea. However, due to the presence of some pathogens, especially bacteria in colostrum, some researchers recommend the use of heated colostrum. The reduction of pathogenic bacteria in heated colostrum may increase immunoglobulins absorption. However, some evidence indicate that immunoglobulin absorption was reduced after heating colostrum. The aim of this study was to compare serumic levels of albumin, total protein, and total globulin in the blood of newborn calves, before and after feeding of heated colostrum at 63oC for 30 minutes. For this purpose, 28 newborn calves were divided into two groups of control and treatment. Two liters of heated colostrum was fed to the treatment group twice a day and the same amount of normal colostrum was given to the control group. Blood samples were taken of all calves immediately after birth and 48 hours after that. The results showed a higher concentration of total protein and globulin in the control group in comparison to the treatment group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in albumin concentration. Lower concentration of total protein and globulin is probably due to denaturation of globulins.

Paratuberclosis or Johne’s disease is an infection of small intestine caused by Mycobacteriom avium paratuberculosis characterized by persistent and progressive diarrhea, weight loss, debilitation, and eventual death in cattle. A suitable and rapid method for diagnosis of the disease in farms is not available. Trans-abdominal ultrasound is a rapid, clinical and noninvasive diagnostic method recommended for diagnosis of animals with chronic inflammation of the intestine. The purpose of the present study was clinical and trans-abdominal ultrasound examination of cattle infected with organism of the Johns disease. This study was done on 20 female Holstein cattle with consist chronic diarrhea and/or weight loss. All animals were blindly tested for Mycobacteriom paratuberculosis antibodies in blood samples by ELISA and also examined by trans-abdominal ultrasound for intestinal wall thickness. The result of the ELISA test showed that 35% of the samples had antibodies against Mycobacteriom paratuberculosis. The rates of chronic diarrhea, low body condition score and both of them in cattle with positive ELISA were 100%, 71.4% and 71.4%, respectively. In the trans-abdominal ultrasound examination, the intestinal wall thickness of the infected animals (7.9±1.54 mm), was significantly (p<0.001) more than non- infected group (2.7±0.13 mm). This study indicates that the ultasonographic evaluation of the intestine and abdomen can be a quick, useful and on farm method with relatively high specificity in the diagnosis of cattle with John's disease.

In order to study the haematological factors of Barbus luteus of Parishan lake and its comparison with fishes infected by larval stage of Contracaecum sp. Sixty fish consisting of 30 healthy and 30 infected by the parasite were caught from the Parishan lake and studied. After blood sampling, autopsy of fishes were performed based on seeking parasitical infection of abdominal cavity to larval stage of Contracaecum sp. Then haematological tests were performed including differential counting of white blood cells, measuring Haematocrit (PCV) and total counting of red blood cells and white blood cells. The result in both groups showed that lymphocytes with 80.56% had the highest frequency among white blood cells, whereas the frequency of thrombocytes, neutrophils and monocytes were 9.56%, 7.48% and 2.45% respectively, while no basophil and eosinophil were found among the samples. Comparison of white blood cells and thrombocytes among uninfected and infected fishes to the parasites showed that amount of lymphocytes decreased by increasing infection while occurrence of monocytes increased in severe infection in comparison with uninfected stage. Occurrence of neutrophils and thrombocytes increased too. Average amount of haematocrit in uninfected, mild infection and in severe infection fishes were different and decreased. Average counting of red blood cells like haematocrit decreased in uninfected, mild infection and in severe infection, while average counting of white blood cells increased in uninfected, mild infection and in severe infection. Statistically, the changes of lymphocytes, neutrophils, thrombocytes, haematocrit and average counting of white blood cells were significant (p=0.001).

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder and its incidence is considered to be high all over the world. Hepatic insufficiency is one of the most important consequences in this disease. A multitude of drugs has been described for the treatment of diabetes throughout the world. The aim of the present study was to assess the protective effect of Naringenin on early liver injury in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Forty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into 4 different groups of 10 rats each, including healthy control rats, normal healthy rats receiving Naringenin (50 mg/kg), diabetic rats and diabetic rats receiving Naringenin (50 mg/kg). Diabetes was induced with a single injection of alloxan (120 mg/kg i.p.). Naringenin groups received the drug daily for 3 weeks through gavage. At the end of the experiment, levels of liver function marker enzymes AST (Aspartate aminotransferase), ALT (Alanine aminotransferase) and ALP (Alkaline Phosphatase), TB (Total Bilirubin), Alb (Albumin) and TP (Total Proteins) were assessed in serum. Product of lipid peroxidation (Malondialdehyde; MDA), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione reductase (GR) were also assayed in liver homogenate to evaluate antioxidant activity. Moreover, histopathological observations were made to assess the degree of hepatic injury. In alloxanized diabetic rats, Naringenin significantly decreased the levels of serum biomarkers of hepatic injury and TB, and elevated the levels of Alb and TP. Furthermore, Naringenin significantly decreased the lipid peroxidation and elevated the levels of antioxidant enzymes in these rats. Histopathological changes were in agreement with biochemical findings. The findings of this study indicated that Naringenin due to its antioxidant activities protects rats liver from early diabetic hepatopathy.

This study was carried out on 30 Holstein dairy cattle with acute clinical mastitis (ACM) and 30 healthy ones. After confirmation of ACM through clinical examination, venous blood samples were collected and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) was measured using chemiluminescence assay. Cardiac enzymes activities including CK-MB, AST and LDH were analyzed with special kits and spectrophotometric method. According to the findings mean heart rate (p=0.001), respiratory rate (p=0.026), and rectal temperature (p=0.030) were significantly increased in diseased group. cTnI level was 1.018±0.235 ng/ml in cattle with ACM, which was significantly higher than healthy cattle (0.011±0.006 ng/ml; p=0.000). Other cardiac biomarkers were increased in diseased group, however elevation of serum activities of AST (p=0.047) and CKMB (p=0.000) were statically significant. Although serum LDH activity in diseased group was higher than control group; but this difference was statistically non-significant (p=0.454). There were significant positive correlations between cTnI concentration with heart rate (p=0.018; r=0.853), respiratory rate (p=0.024; r=0.671), and rectal temperature (p=0.038; r=0.542). Heart rates were significantly correlated with serum activities of CK-MB (p=0.047; r=0.722) and AST (p=0.035; r=0.649). These results indicate some degree of heart damage caused by acute clinical mastitis in dairy cattle.

Economical production of sheep is reduced by gastrointestinal parasites; and they can also be transmitted to humans. The present study was carried out to determine the gastrointestinal nematode parasites fauna and infestation rate in Ghezel sheep of East Azerbaijan province and stool samples were examined for helminthes infections. In this study, 120 lambs with 4-6 months’ age were selected from 6 herds (20 lambs from each herd). Fecal samples were collected directly from the rectum of lambs and parasites were counted by Clayton Lane method. The number of counted parasites eggs of Nematodirus, Marshallagia marshalli, Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus were 39, 24, 23 and 14 percent respectively. Due to the contamination of sheep, control and treatment measures should be carried out and further research is recommended regarding prevention and control of infestation.

With possibility of synthesis of silver nanoparticles in citrate-coated form and via chemical method, the aim of this study was synthesis of silver nanoparticles by chemical reduction method and investigation of the impact of nanoparticles on superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase enzymes in an animal model. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical reduction with a mixture of distilled water and sodium borohydrate and adding silver nitrate and sodium citrate to the obtained solution. In vivo study was conducted using 40 adult male rats with an average weight of 100 grams. Animals were divided into four groups, as control, placebo, and treatment groups receiving silver nanoparticle solutions (100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively). The treatment groups received silver nanoparticle solutions (100 and 200 mg/kg) on the first and the seventh days of experiment intraperitoneally. Oxidative effects of injected high concentrations of silver nanoparticles (200 mg/kg) lead to mortality in the experimental animals. Infusion of silver nanoparticles at concentrations of 100 and 200 milligrams per kilogram of body weight decreased the activity of plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). This reduction was significantly higher (p<0.01) at the dose of 200 mg/kg. In conclusion, studies on animal models showed that the concentrations of 100 and 200 milligrams per kilogram of body weight of silver nanoparticles synthesized by chemical reduction method decreases the activity of antioxidant enzymes, eventually leading to mortality.

Antimicrobial resistance exhibited by extended-spectrum b-lactamases (ESBLs) production by E. coliis considered to be a major threat for colibacillosis in poultry. The present study deals with the detection of bla TEM, bla OXA and bla SHV genes in E. coli isolated from colibacillosis by MPCR. A total of 60 strains ofE. coli were recovered from the poultry in Kerman, Iran. Cellular DNA was extracted by CinnaPure-DNA (Cell culture, Tissues, Gram negative Bacteria and CSF) and MPCR was performed for the identification of the OXA, SHV and TEM genes. CDT test results showed that 45 strains (75%) were noted for ESBL production. A total of 19 and 13 strains (31.6% and 21.6%) were positive forbla OXA and bla aada, respectively and 7 isolates (11.6%) carried both OXA and aada genes. All isolates were negative for TEM and SHV genes. The results showed, although disk diffusion is a highly practical and cost effective method for identification of ESBLs, but the novel multiplex PCR assay designed in this study may be routinely used in veterinary diagnostic laboratory for identification of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) -producing Enterobacteriaceae.