DYNAMIC AGRICULTURE
Year:2008 | Volume:5 | Issue:3 (AGRONOMY)|Papers Count:9

In order to study the effect of harvesting time on multiple regression of dermining germination and path analysis of kidney bean cultivars, this study conducted in Karaj Seed and Plant Improvement Institute in 1996 on 16 Red bean cultivars contain: LQk-29, KIP31, AND-1007, D-18083, DOR-364, AND-925, MOC- 59, MCD-2004, DOR-476, DCD 2004 RAB-58, RAB-484, RAB-505, XAN-194, RAP-50, GOLI NAZ, therefore after harvesting seeds in 3 stages before physiological rippening, physiological ripening and fully maturation, germination test and some vigour tests as Cold Test(CT), Accelerated Aging test(AA), T4, T7, EE, WE, WS, WE/ WS, LE/ LS, 100WS, ECS, ECW were done in the basis of randomized complete design with 4 replications. The results showed that, in the case of before physiological harvesting(T1) enter of independent variables CT, T7, LE/LS and WE/WS in multiple regression model with estimated variable 0.140716, 0.200634, -0.1353, 143.2916 and 3105.4628 and (b0) -76.69 estimated %96.30 of germination percent In the case of physiological harvesting (T2) enter of independent variables CT, T7 in multiple regression model with estimated variable 0.4894 and 0.3212 and (b0) -8.059 predicated %62.06 of germination percent. calculated model of fully mature harvesting (T3) showed independent variables T4, LE/LS, WE/WS and AA with coefficient 0.1565, 0.1021, 0.2909 and 0.1565 and b0 (4.12035051) %61.82 of germination percent. Direct and indirect effect relations were studied by Path analysis. The results indicated that, amoung characters and independent variables in fully mature harvesting of 16 red bean cultivars, WE/WS with 0.558 had maximum correlation with germination percent. Its direct effect was 0.022 and did not showed significant effect at %1 level. It seemed that, this high correlation due to indirect effects as WE, 100WS and ECW.

There are diffrent methods for estimating runoff from rainfall in catchments. One of this methods is using hydrological models. Hydrological models allow the simulating rainfall-runoff process in noavailable data watersheds (catchments) with low cost and time. The AWBM model that developed by Walter Boughton, is one of this kinds of models that can estimate runoff from daily or hourly rainfall. Application of the model for daily results is using in water supply and for hourly result is using in flood control. in this model storage capacity is divided into three storage parametes (C1, C2, C3). It can estimate the related partial areas (A1, A2, A3) and simulate the runoff from partial areas using daily rainfall, discharge and evatranspiration with optimizing the parameters. The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of the variable source area AWBM model in some Fars province catchments. The analysis was carried out using data from selected catchments, namely Kol, Maharloo, Zohre and Mond, in Fars pronince. The daily rainfall, runoff and evatranspiration selected with about 20 years duration. Daily rainfall regionalized with using TPSS method and daily discharge converted to spasial discharge. The correlation cofficient between estimated and observed runoff was evalutated by optimizing the parameters. The results showed that the AWBM model, gives acceptable results and have adequate capability for designing.

Application of urban refuse compost to agricultural soil could help to solve urban problems in large cities caused by increasing production of waste. Refuse compost has been identified as an alternative to fertilizer to increase soil fertility and crop production. In this research the capacity of compost made from urban refuse to enhance emergence seedling grown in potting soil was studied. Four treatments were established based on the addition of increasing quantities of composted urban refuse to soil (1:2.5, 1:5, 1:7.5, 1:10 v/v). Physical, physio-chemical and chemical analyses of different mixtures were made. Plant growth, biomass production and macronutrient, micronutrient and heavy metal contents of plant and soil were determined. The addition of compost increased pH, electrical conductivity (EC) of substrates, and macronutrients, micronutrients and heavy metal of plants and substrates. The highest germination, growth rate, shoots and roots dry weight was obtained with the medium prepared by mixing rate of 1:5 compost and soil. The mixture with the most compost (1:2.5) had the lowest germination and growth of tomato seedling.

The goal of this experiment is effect sowing date on yield and yield components soya variety in farm of IAU Farahan Branch to west of Markazi Province In 2006. In this project that used Split Plot Method and to randomized complete block from done. Sowing date factor in 4 level include 21, 31, may, 10, 20, june and major plot and variety in 3 level include wiliams, GK and BP was minor plot in 4 replication Result of analysis of variance that two factor include sowing date and variety and also interaction of those to number of pod per plant, 1000 grain weight in area has 1% meaning significant and with determent of sowing date, will decreased but any change in number of pod per plant. That decreased of yield component and total yield between of variety, wiliams cultivars view number of pod per plant, 1000 grain weight and total yield was better to GK and BP. Result showed wiliams variety in first sowing date high yield 1668 kg/ha was better. The effect of sowing date and variety on oil and protein percentage was significant and delay in culture in soybean caused oil decreased and protein increased. Maximum of oil yield and protein was obtain in first sowing date because grain yield in sowing date very high. Wiliams cultivar's was high percentage oil and protein in another of variety, also maximum amount oil and protein yield obtain of wiliams variety in sowing date.

In order to determine the effects of water deficit and different nitrogen levels on oil seed, seed protein and relations of them with oil yield and protein yield in rapeseed, two field experiments were conducted using a factorial split-plot in randomized complete block design in 2005 and 2006 growing seasons at Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, karaj. In this study, two cultivars (Zarfam and Modena), three water regimes (irrigation after 40, 60 and 80 percent depletion of soil water) and four nitrogen levels (0, 75, 150 and 225 Kg/ha) were studied that irrigation and nitrogen treatments were in main plots and cultivars were in sub plots. Results showed that increasing the nitrogen rate from 0 to 225 kg/ha and increasment in soil water, caused increasing seed yield, oil yield and protein yield. In water stress condition the seed oil decreased (7.17%) but the seed protein increased (8.31%). Increasing nitrogen used caused to decreasing seed oil (10.08%) and increasing seed protein (25.19%). Oil yield had strong and significant correlation with seed yield and oil percent. Also, protein yield had positive and significant correlation with seed yield. In contrast the two varieties, Zarfam had a higher nitrogen uptake and mobilization under normal irrigation and severe water stress conditions, and also in higher and lower nitrogen conditions.

In order to evaluate the effects of different levels of silic spraying and plant density on quantitative characteristics of hybrid Hyola-42 in rapeseed (Brassica napus), afield experiment was conducted in field research (Galea sien) in Collage of Agricultural of Varamin, in 2007-2008 cropping season. The experimental design was arranged factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications and 27 treatments. In this research plant density was in three levels: 500, 650 and 800 thousands plant per hectar. and Silic spraying concentration were in three levels, consisting non- spraying (control), spraying of silic with 3 6 per thousantds. The results showed grain yields has a straight correlation with yield components. Increase and decrease yield components is reason of changing of total yeild. The highest grain yield was obtained from Silic spraying with 6 per thousand with average yield 3372.3 Kg/ha. This treatment had 28.9 percent increase yield in ratio with control treatment (with 2400 Kg/ha). Also highest of plant height, Number of branch, number of silique per plant, number of grain per silique, 1000 grain weight and biological yeild with 136.1 cm, 4.3, 188.3, 17.3, 3.34 (gr) and 7822.6 Kg/ha was obtained from silic spraying with concentration 6 per thousands. In this research plant density showed significant differences on characteristics of experiment . The highest grain yield was obtained from density (800 000 plant per hectar) with average yield 4351.3 Kg/ha. The lowest grain yield was obtained from density (500 000 plant per hectar) with average yield 2343.3 Kg/ha. The results of extraction effect showed that there were significant defferences among plant density and Silic spraying on this adject at 5%, 1% levels. The highest plant height, Number of Silique per plant, grain yield and biological yield from treatment density and Silic spraying (800000plant per hectar and 6 per thousand). at last this result was known density and silic spraying (800000plant per hectar and 6 per thousand) is recommender for Varamin condition.

Sequential planting of wheat in salty farms of south Khuzestan cause to some limitations and reduce of yield. This experiment was done for initiate canola (Brassica napus. L) in common rotation of wheat-wheat, to increase efficacy in this farms in two years (2005, 2006) (2006, 2007) in one experimental farm with 9-11 mmohs/cm electrical conductivity in split plot experimental designe, based on randomize complete block with 7 planting dates, include from October 22 up to end of December 20, with once each 10 days delay in main plots and two canola cultivars include Hyola 401 and RGS003 in subplots with four replications. In through experiment, all of requirement data inclued, distance between planting and emergence, percent of emergence, beginning and ending of flowering, stem high, number of capsule per plant, number of seed per capsule, 1000 seed weight and seed yield were measured. Data were analyzed by MSTAT-C software and Duncan test and graphs was drowen with Excel. Results showed that delay in planting cause to significant damages in yield and yield components. Yield of Hyola401 in all of planting dates was more than RGS003 and in November, their difference was more. Therefore, planting of Hyola401 in range of planting dates from October 22 up to November 20 increase yield more than 1 t/h, that according to good effects in rotation of canola-wheat, it is recomendable and has good economical condition. If Hyola401 is not available, planting of RGS003 in range of October 22 up to November 10 is recomendable.

Application of biofertilizers, especially associative biological nitrogen fixation chemical fertilizers is most important strategy for integrated plant nutrition in sustainable management of agro-ecosystems and their production increase by adequate input sustainable agriculture (AISA) system. In order to study the associative biological nitrogen fixation and nitrogen chemical fertilizers factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with four replications was conducted at research field of varamin Azad University, Iran in 2007 on late maturity maize (Zea mays L.) single cross hybrid (SC700). The factors in this study included Azospirillum, Azotobacter and nitrogen chemical fertilizer. Azospirillum consisted of two levels (one with and one without using), Azotobacter consisted of two levels (one with and one without using azetobacter) and nitrogen chemical fertilizer consisted of two levels (application of net nitrogen chemical fertilizer at the rate of 180 Kg/ha and application of Net nitrogen chemical fertilizer at the rate of 90 Kg/ha). In grain milky stage, plant harvested and then single fodder yield per hectare, plant fresh weight per plant, plant leaf number, plant height and amount of fodder protein were determined. Results revealed that application of associative biological nitrogen fixation, not only resulted in increase in all the studied traits, but also can cuddown the, amount of nitrogen chemical fertilizers to some 50%.