DYNAMIC AGRICULTURE
Year:2008 | Volume:5 | Issue:1|Papers Count:7

Varamin region with its dry subtropical climate is well known for being the most suitable site for the production of medicinal herbs. This study was undertaken to investigate some morphologic traits, yield and yield components of 6 medicinal plants species in a randomized complete blocks design with six treatments (species) and three replications. The 5 traits recorded during growing season were as follows: Dry biomass, hay and stands per plot (7.5 m2), earliness (days to maturity), and grain yield (kg/ha). Analysis of variance and F test of data showed the highest yield in Sesame (3512 kg/ha) and the lowest in Coriandrum, and Foeniculum (451 kg/ha). Foeniculum was the only herb that produced higher yield in the second year. In regard to maturity Coriandrum with 146 days was the longest and Foeniculum with 100 days was the earliest maturity. In order to overcome heterogeneity at harvested plants numbers, the covariance analysis was employed on some characters such as dry biomass weight per plot, and yield. The results demonstrated respectively 152.69%, and 210.56% relative efficiency to the analysis of variance.

Today, soil erosion damage men life. It cause not only poor soil and abandoned farms but also economical harmful by filling the streams and storage dams with sediments. Several methods are used for estimating erosion amount but EPM, PSIAC and MPSIAC are used in present study in 1380. The main aims of this study are: - Applying and comparing experimental methods to estimate sediment and soil erosion amount. - Estimating erosion amount in pasture, forest, farms and gardens and then prepare especially demolition map in 1: 25000 scale. -Determining the best method for erosion control in different land uses on the basis of economic conditions and other factors.- Chehl Cheshmeh basin is located 40 km west of Shiraz and its area is 344.674 km2 . On the basis of existing condition the EPM, PSIAC and MPSIAC methods were chosen for this study. In this way not only we could compare the methods together but also define the best of them. By using of air photos, the study area is divided to 152 erosion polygons. In the field study necessary information were collected and polygons boundary were corrected. The number of erosion polygons reduces to 30 polygons. By using geographic information system and combination and overlying the collected information’s from the basin erosion is estimated in the basin and its sub basins by three methods. Then prepares the maps of specific erosion and critical erosion zones. The estimated data are compared with the field observations and sediment information’s of Band-e-Bahman hydrometery station. According this comparison MPSIAC is the best method to estimate erosion in this basin. In this basin there are many important factors to increase soil erosion, for example: plant coverage demolition, extremely graze especially in sensitive areas to erosion, demolition of pasture and ploughing on the slope direction. For decreasing the erosion rate in the basin this is important to consider that %46.54 of the basin area is covered by formations with high susceptibility to erosion that are composed of lime stones and marly lime stones.

Most of researchers believe that goal programming and model making options are better techniques than linear programming. That's why in this research the linear programming model have been optimized and the comparison between them with attention to constraints and objectives of farmer have been done. The needed information for this research have been gathered from 120 farmers in Jahrom City through two stage cluster sampling randomly in the year 1385 (2006). The results well reveal that presenting common linear programming model can only be useful about 12.81 percent in obtaining the goal. In almost optimized model, because of high yield due to consumption of production factors in spite of high fluctuation in their yield tomato and corn are still in the model and that's why most of farmers focus on composition change of four products including barley, melon, cotton and water melon. In addition, the results obtained from goal programming model show that in the time when goals have the same importance for managers and in the time when they do not have the same importance from gross profit point of view, the model is different. unde in the cases when the manager cat egorizes his goals based on priority, the yield of program is slightly higher as compared to when the goals have the same importance.

This study was carried out for determination of water unit cost per cubic meter and water use efficiency (WUE) as a major factor in dry land region and assessment of added value as an economic-ecological important factor for major crops (wheat, corn, cotton, orange) in Darab. Needed data was collected through 400 questionnaires from farmers, Jihad-agriculture organization and water region org. Economics-Engineering method used for accounts of economical estimation. Based statistics there were 5111 wells in all regions. Used water estimated with considering of efficiency. After estimating of water cost unit price and WUE, production function for assessment of water value added determined. Result indicated that mean of water unit cost with 15% profit for both of diesel and electro pump was 128 Rials. In addition result shown that WUE an added value in orange were the highest between all major crops in Darab.

Lithocolletis populifoliella tr. is one of the important pests of Populus plantations in West Azarbaijan Province and field observations indicate that activity of this pest has been noticeable on different clones, specially Populus, during recent years. This survey was conducted in order to determinae of density and L. populifoliella of, on 10 clones of Populus (Populus nigra and P. eauramericana) in Station Populus Research of Saatloo in Urmia, during 2005-2007. The clones were cultured in RCBD (with 3×3 meters distance), in three replications (75 saplings from each clones in 3 replications). From first of April to late September (once in ten days) and due to removal of additional effects, 16 sapling from 25 saplings in each replicate were selected. The number of L. populifoliella larvae was counted. On each samples (number of four 20 cm branches in four geographical directions). some branches were covered for determining L. populifoliella date of peak flight and adultstu be captured. Results showed that high and low density of L. populifoliella were recorded on Populus nigra 63/135 and P. eauramericana 488 clones, respectively. The flight peak of this pest in 2005 and 2006 were observed on the middle of June (the first generation) and the middle of July for the second generation. The flight peak in 2007 due to warm condition for the first and second generations of L. populifoliella were observed on the first of June and late June, respectively.

In order to evaluate the interference of wild mustard on growth indices of canola cultivars an experiment was carried out in Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Institute of Gorgan during growing season of 2005-2006. The experiment was established as a randomized completely block design in a factorial arrangement of treatments with three replications. Canola cultivars, Zarfam, Sarigol, Talayh, R. G. S 003, Option 500, Hayola 401 and Hayola 330 were kept under weed free and weed infested conditions. Based on analysis results, wild mustard resulted in reduction of canola dry matter, leaf area index, leaf area index duration and crop growth rate, significantly. The maximum dry matter, leaf area index and crop growth rate in control tretment (weed free treatment) belonged to Hayola330 cultivar. The maximum and minimum reduction rate of dry matter and leaf area index of canola cultivars belonged to control Option500 and Zarfam cultivars respectively. Results revealed that cultivars with higher Leaf area index, relative leaf area expansion rate and better vertical leaf area distribution will be more competitive in weed-infested conditions, and can be used in breeding programs to enhance competitive ability of canola cultivars.

Sorrel (Rumex asetosa L. ) is a dioecous plant which could be used as a model plant to study genes involved in floral parts formation. Optimizing tissue culture and regeneration in this plant is necessary in order to identify the role of such genes. Therefore effects of different explants and hormone components of the media culture were studied in sorrel. MS medium was chosen as the basic medium and the effects of various concentrations of auxins IAA and NAA, cytokinins BAP and TDZ on three types of explants, petiol, leaf base and leaf blade were studied for plant regeneration. The results indicated that using leaf base fragments as explants on a MS media containing 0.5 mg 1-1 NAA, 3 mg 1-1 BAP, 3% saccarose and 0.7 mg 1-1 had the highest shoot regeneration rate (32%). Using 0.5 mg 1-1 TDZ also showed the same result. This study was performed in 2005 at the laboratory complex of Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch.