JOURNAL OF PLANT ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
Year:2009 | Volume:4 | Issue:3 (15)|Papers Count:8

The effects of salicylic acid (SA) in alleviating Ni-induced oxidative stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at germination stage were studied and the changes in radicle and plumule growth (fresh and dry weight and their lengths) were investigated. Exposure to 800mM Ni significantly decreased radicle and plumule growth, and activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) enzymes but increased the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA). However, treatment with 100mM SA enhanced the activities of these enzymes in plumule tissues but lowered the concentration of MDA in the Ni-stressed wheat compared with the Ni treatment alone. Treatment with SA alleviated the Ni-induced inhibition of radicle and plumule growth. The results showed that treatment with SA enhanced the antioxidant defense activities in Ni-stressed wheat, thus alleviating Ni-induced oxidative damage and enhancing Ni tolerance.

Chlorophytean alga Scenedesmus, seems a potent strain considering both agricultural and nutriotional biotechnology. Unfortunately we have no report about this micrroalga at Golestan Province. Each economic program using this microalgae in applied purposes, need exact biological characterization including ecophysioligical researches. Considering these purposes, viability, growth, and pigment composition of one of the species of this genus collected from paddy-field of Golestan Province have been studied under continuous and below two hours light dark photoperiods. Collection have been done from paddy fields of Golestan Province at one year duration. After isolation, Scenedesmus sp. Has been incubated under 2 umolquanta m-2 s-1, both continuous at then with dark durations (30, 60 and 90 minutes). Viability, growth and pigment composition have been studied at the species. Results showed that, the species remain variable at continuous and non continuous illumination conditions as a whole. The growth specific rate reach to the highest rate at one hours dark condition. 30 minutes dark photoperiods and continuous dark cause almost similar conditions and decrease the growth rate sharply. Reproductive cycle accelerate significantly at 30 minutes photoperiods and continuous illumination. Chlorophyll a production rate decrease at 30 minutes dark photoperiods comparing highest light durations. The amount of Chlorophyll a was highest at continuous light and 60 minutes photoperiods.

In this paper, the effect of NaCl on the activity of soluble (SPO) and wall bound peroxidases (IPO, CPO) as well as the level of lipid peroxidation in roots of two cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were studied. Two wheat cultivars, Mahooti and Alamoot were selected as salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive cultivars, respectively. The plants were treated with 300mM NaCl for 24, 48 and 96 hours. The content of lignin and the ratio of CWP/FW were studied during 96 hours of treatment as well. Salt treatment increased the rate of lipid peroxidation and enhanced the activity of wall bound peroxidases, particularly in roots of Mahooti. These phenomena were also associated with an increase in the content of lignin in the walls. The activity of soluble peroxidase was also stimulated which helps to more scavenging of peroxide radicals produced by NaCl treatment. Meanwhile, the results suggest that in salt-tolerant wheat cultivar, NaCl treatment accelerated aging process.

Peganum harmala L. belongs to Zigophyllaceae family is one of the most important medicine plants with wild distribution in stepic and semi stepic of Golestan province. In this research, after phenology ethnopharmacological data obtained from turkman rural people. Different parts of plant were collected in May to late of September 2008 in dry stepic region of North east of Golestan province (Inche Borun). Aqueous, infusion and ethanolic extract were obtained by percolation method and their antibacterial effect was evaluated by disc diffusion and well methods. Inhibition zone after 24h incubation of 37 and their antibacterial activity were assessed by Pearson chi-square (P<0.05). Ethnopharmacological data in this research showed, it has been used by the Turkmen rural healers in North east of Golestan province as strong anti-air infection, sedative, anti-bacterial and skin inflammation to treatment fungal, gastro intestinal infection and dysmenorrhea. Ethanol extracts of root and seeds had the most efficacy against tested bacteria, especially in well method (P<0.001), another extracts had no any antibacterial effect. 78.8% of gram positive and negative bacteria (Bacillus licheniformis, Staphylococcus epidermisis, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus loteus, Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysentria) were the most sensitive bacteria against ethanol extract, but gram negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Proteus loteus were the most resistant bacteria (P<0.001). Rural people were interested to take seed and smok for air disinfection, sedative and calming, can be a good candid for chemical analysis of antibacterial activity in animal and clinical models for formulation and production of natural antibacterial drug.

Salvia multicaulis Vahl. is one of the important unique medicinal plants the it use has been known from past by native people. Ground parts of plant collected were submitted to water distillation for 3 h using a Clevenger-type apparatus and sample were extracted by using a scxhlet apparatus for about 6 h. Constituents of essential oils and methanolic extracts of Salvia multicaulis Vahl were collected from arak and analysed by GC & GC-Mass. Twenty-tree componets representing 98.2% of the oil, were identified. The main constituents of the oil and extracts were 1,8 cyneol (24.78%) and camphor (17.95%). Then the effects of different concentrations of essential oil and methanolic extracts prepared from leaves of Xanthomonas translucens pv. Cerealis were tested. In this investigation use of controller and different dilutions of essential and extracted of Salvia multicaulis Vahl were treatments. The disc diffusion method was employed for the determination of antimicrobial activites of essential oil and methanolic extracted. At concentration used inhibition zone was 12.5 mm indiameter wholl applayed extracted solution for well and disc method. But inhibition zone was 8 mm indiameter at each two method. The essential oil (60 percent) and the dilutions of methanolic extracts (80 percent) on Xanthomonas translucens pv. Cerealis had MBC efficacy.The dilutions of essential oil 20 percent also the dilutions of methanolic extracts 20 percent on Xanthomonas translucens pv. Cerealis had MIC efficacy.

Genus Glaucium Mill. is belongs to Papaveraceae family and included 25 species in the world yet. Iran have about 19 taxa and it is one of the important country for diversity of these plants. There are 11 species in Flora Iranica. G. oxylobum is synonym of G. vitellinum in this flore, while in valid floras and references such as, Flora orientalis, Flore del Iran and Engler s Book; there is separated description for these species. Recent research pay attention to micromorphological differences in pollen grains and seeds; also macromorphological and comparative anatomical in viewpoint several vegetative and reproductive organs in G. oxylobum and G. vitellinum is done. Our results in morphological studies showed that there are basic diffrences between two species. Also morphological studies showed that there are basic diffrences between two species. Anatomical studies showed that there are diffrences in several organs in two species such as: stigma, ovary, pedicle, stem and leaf. Our results showed that there are diffrences in qualities and quantities characters in pollen grains and seeds too. Thus separation of these two species is proposed.

Lavender (Lavandula vera DC) is an important ornamental and aromatic plant. In vitro culture through callogenesis is proposed to be an alternative for vegetative propagation. The effects of different cytokinins were investigated on callogenesis and organogenesis of Lavandula vera. Nodal explants were cultured in the MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of cytokinins (benzyl amino purine (BAP), Kinetine (Kin) solely or in combination with each other. Ten days after culturing, callogenesis was observed. After 3 weeks some granular shapes were appeared on the calli which formed sprouts or roots. Calli which were grown in the medium with 2iP (1-2 mg/l) or BAP (1-2 mg/l) produced shoots. The maximum number of shoots was achieved in the medium supplemented with BAP (2 mg/l). The production of shoots and roots were occurred at the same time. The maximum level of root formation was gained in the medium with BAP (1 mg/l). Forty five old days calli were subcultured in the same culture media. Shoot formation was achieved in the media supplemented with 2iP (1-2 mg/l) or BAP (1-2 mg/l) and combination of BAP and Kin (1mg/l). In the subculture media root formation was not occurred.

Chelidonium majus L., a wide spread medicinal plant of the Papaveraceae family, has multiple applications in folk medicine because of its antitumoral, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities.Since the most of this plant medicine benefits treat the alkaloids and phenolic compounds, in this research, the amount of alkaloids and phenolic compounds in Chelidonium majus L., in two regions of "Gorgan" & "Ziarat" and in three seasons (autumn, winter and spring) were studied. The plants were collected from 2 regions of Ziarat and Gorgan , and the amount of alkaloids and phenolic compounds were determined by spectrophotometrical methods. Comparison of Chelidonium plant in two regions showed significant differences for alkaloids, flavonoids and phenolic compounds in three seasons (P<0.05). This survey was that the most alkaloid in Chelidonium s root is from Ziarat (in spring season), and the most phenolic compounds in Chelidonium s root is from Gorgan (in winter season).