JOURNAL OF PLANT ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
Year:2009 | Volume:4 | Issue: 1 (13)|Papers Count:8

Phenolic compounds in Olive fruits are important factors to consider in order to evaluate the quality of virgin Olive oil. Several studies concerning phenolic compounds in the Olive have already been carried out. Oleuropein, have pharmacological properties which have a antibiotic and antiviral effects. In this research, we study about determination of oleuropein in leaf and fruits of Olea europaea L. from three province of Gilan, Tehran and Fars are colected. After collection of samples in every months for leaves and fruits from June up to December, samples are dried and Extraction was with methanol and determinded by HPLC. In this study, oleuropein in leaves from three proviance of Gilan, Tehran and Fars are 39217, 33665 and 31311 ppm in January respectly, and in fruits are 35328 and 29740 ppm in July and 22095 ppm in September, respectly. These amounts shows that highest are in Gilan provience and Fars have a lowest.

In this study, the salt stress was studied on the physiological responses of two cultivars of Brassica napus L. (RGS & Hayola 401). The research is done on 20 day plants in hydroponics (Hoagland) environment with three repeated in the similar room condition. In the research, the increase of salinity is decreased the relative water content (RWC), relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR) and leaf area rate (LAR), in roots and shoots of plants. In addition, the salt stress increased proline and sodium accumulation in different parts of plants, whereas decreased their potassium contents. Applying of exogenous ascorbate (0.2mM) to different NaCl treatments could adjustment adverse effects of salinity, so that increased growth factors and potassium content, and decreased proline and sodium accumulation. The results showed Hayola 401 cultivar is more tolerant to salinity than RGS cultivar.

In different stress such as salinity, strong oxidant as reactive oxygen species is produced that damages to membrane structure in plant. Different antioxidant as ascorbate scavenger them. Between hormones, gibberellic acid has different roles that depend to king of gibberellin, density and plant space. In this research Hordeum (4222) treated to ascorbate (1mm), gibberellin (200 and 400ppm) and NaCl (150, 350mm) and the effect of them on germination percentage, radicle length and antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, peroxidase, poly phenol oxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and phenolic compounds were evaluated. The result of this research showed that in present of NaCl germination decreased but in NaCl and Ascorbate and Gibberellin germination and radicle length increased significantly. Also in absence of ascorbate and gibberellin and present of NaCl activity of catalase, peroxidase decreased but activity of poly phenoloxidase and ascorbate peroxidase increased. Also NaCl cause decreased phenolic compounds in barley seedling but by increasing ascorbate and gibberellin the content of them increased.

The antagonistic effects that plants have on different microorganisms can be used to protect microorganism from the environment. The Echinochloa crus-galli with a universal growth is found in paddy fields in the North of Iran, named Soroof, in the weed form. In this research, different methanolic, ethanolic and aqueous extract have been provided from Echinochloa crus-galli and their effects on gram positive & gram negative bacteria growth using disk diffusion, well diffusion, plate count, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) method. It concluded that different types of methanolic, ethanolic& aqueous extract inhibited Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus growth while did not have any effect on Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeroginosa growth.

In order to studying the effect of soil salinity on physiological characteristics of Cotton genotypes this experiment was conducted in 1386 with potted cottons in phytotron condition and carried out as factorial in completely randomized design with 4 replications. One factor was Cotton cultivars and the other was levels of salinity at rate of 0.6, 7.6, 15.2 and 29.9ds/m. The results showed that the effect of salinity on physiological characteristics of Cotton plant such as anthocynanine, proline and glycinebetain were significant at 1% probability within cultivars. There were significant difference’s at 5% probability in relation to praline and glycinebetain. No significant difference was found between cultivars in regard to anthocyanine. By increasing the salinity in the soil the amount of anthocyanine, proline and glycine betain increased in Cotton plant.

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is one of the plants which has a high adaptation to different conditions such as resistance to drought and it is suited to be grown in arid and semi-arid regions. In this experiment, 25 genotypes of spring safflower including Iranian local genotyps and foreign cultivars were evaluated in a simple lattice Design (5x5) in 2004-2005 in Karaj. Different traits studied include: head number each plant, seeds each head, plant height, number of secondary branches, days to flowering, days to maturity, oil percentage, 1000 seed weight, seed and oil yields. The results showed that there were significant differences among the genotypes for all traits. The highest seed and oil yields belonged to I.L.111 and T.N.612-A.Seed yield had positive and significant relationships with head number each plant, number of secondary branches, days to flowering, biomass and oil yields. Cluster analysis using Ward's method and Euclidian distances, classified the 25 genotype into three clusters.

The effects of the physical factors on dielectric characteristics of wheat biological parts were studied. Due to the sensitivity of phytochromes to the red light, the activity of the related enzymes as well as the inner energy and seed entropy during germination can be increased through irradiation He-Ne laser light to the plant seed with the wave length of 623nm, which, in turn, leads to the increased energy exchange between the seed and the environment. In this research, wheat varieties as Shiroudi, Zagros, Tajan and Kouhdasht were used under the He-Ne laser (623nm, 0.1 mW/mm-2) in time periods of 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 minutes. Moreover, in order to investigation the radial effects of laser on the traits of the rootlet and the stemlet length on the fresh weight of stemlet and rootlet, number of seedlings, drought weight of stemlet and rootlet, and seed germination, four cultivars of wheat in five replication with factorial experiment as completely randomized design (CRD) have been studied. The results indicated that Zagros variety and Shiroudi variety had the fastest rate of seed germination, with 0.942(N/d) and 0.910(N/d), respectively. The result of this research indicates that cultivar Zagros with 0.006(grf), had he highest drought weight of rootlet among the cultivars. Also results showed that cultivar Zagros had more growth and drought weight of stemlet among the cultivars.

Amaranthus species is one of the most important plant species in Golestan Province which mainly are found in arable lands with spectrum of loam to clay, good permeability with highly nutrients. Four species of A. viridis, A. albus L., A. hybridus. L. and A. retroflexus are grouped as seeds with wide extension in different farmlands of Gospel, Soybean, Maize, watermelon, Melon and tomato, also in gardens, margins of barriers and barren are grown. This experiment had been carried out with applying harvested seeds in summer (July) and autumn (November) from mentioned species treated with temperature of 25±1?C and 24 hours darkness and treatment with distilled water and 1000 ppm Gibberellin. Rate germination occurred in summer seeds of A. viridis with distilled water and the most germination also in this species caused at Gibberellin treatment. The lowest germination by percentage was observed in A. viridis autumn seeds and the most was observed at A. retroflexus with Gibberellin treatment. The highest influence of Gibberellin treatment 1000 ppm in summer seeds by of A. viridis with 46.7% and autumn seeds with 68.5% increase was observed. Generally A. viridis had better response to Gibberellin treatment and time prolonged of seed harvest, but these treatments has not any positive influence on increased germination.