Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
Year:2012 | Volume:15 | Issue:6|Papers Count:20

Background: Control of angry in effective manner is very important. In present study we compared the effect of reinforcement behavioral therapy and Ellis cognitive therapy on decreasing of aggression in derelict children aged 10 to 18 years old at hostelry care center of Welfare Organization of Kermanshah.Methods: Fifty-seven out of 89 children (31 male, 26 female) was diagnosed as aggressive according to the AGQ results from six hostelry care center of welfare organization of Kermanshah, were selected and participated in the study. Participants allocated in to reinforcement behavioral therapy, Ellis cognitive therapy or control group randomly. Each groups received two hours therapeutic teaching for 10 sessions during 10 weeks. The control group had not been received any intervention. After 10 weeks, the posttest AGQ was performed on participant. The results of pretest and posttest were compared using T-test and ANOVA.Results: The posttest aggression score in reinforcement behavioral therapy group was decreased significantly after intervention (P=0.011). We didn’t find significant differences between pre and post tests aggression score in Ellis cognitive therapy (P=0.258). Result of ANOVA show that there was no significant difference between three group after intervention (P=0.691).Conclusion: Reinforcement behavioral therapy and Ellis cognitive therapy did not change the aggression score in derelict children. This may relate to specific hard and stressful life of these children due to ineffectiveness of these short-term methods.

Background: Illness representations (based on Leventhal’s model) are associated with chronic illness outcomes. It has been suggested that targeting these cognitive components improves illness outcomes. Multiple sclerosis is a common disorder between neural and immune systems that creates physical and psychological consequences. There are few pre psychological trails on these patients. The aim of this study was to determine effectiveness of cognitive-behavior therapy on altering illness representations and improving emotional states of the patients.Methods: By using a randomized controlled trial design, among 52 selected patients, 35 volunteers randomly were allocated into intervention and control groups. An extensive interventional cognitive behavior therapy based package was conducted to intervention group in 10 weekly sessions. The control group stayed in waiting list and participated in 5 group meeting sessions. (IPQR) and (DASS-42) psychological scales were administered, Leven and T statistical tests were applied for dat analysis.Results: The results showed positive changes in four illness representation components of patients including illness (identity, consequences, coherence) and personal control. Associated improvement occurred in depression, anxiety, stress and emotional representations.Conclusion: Mooney and Padeskey’s theoretically based cognitive-behavior therapy, is effective on illness representations modification and improving emotional states of the patients. The findings are less similar to Goodman’s trial on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus patients and more similar to Petrie’s trail on cardiac patients.

Background: Overweight and obesity increasing world wide because of changing life style and dietary habits. Diet therapy plays an important role to prevent obesity outcomes. The aim of this study was determining the effects of diet therapy on weight reduction and fitness.Methods: A clinical trial study was conducted using convenient sampling method and 216 subjects (190 female and 26 male) were recruited using BMI >27 cut-off. After primary examinations all subjects received a low calorie diet for six months. Weight, height, BMI, percent of body fat, fat free mass and total body water were determined and body composition were measured and recorded following six months nutritional intervention. Data was analyzed using repeated measure ANOVA.Results: The mean age of participants was 37.5+12.1 in women and 38.18+15.3 year in men. There was significant weight reduction between admission and six months after treatment 84.7+17.9 vs. 77.3+3.2 kg.

Background: Constraint induced movement therapy is one of the new therapeutic interventions that limits the performance of intact upper limb with increased use of the affected limb. Aim of this study was to investigate the effects of modified constraint induced movement therapy on weight bearing & protective extension in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy.Methods: 21 hemiplegic children were selected and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Common Practices of Occupational Therapy applied for 6 weeks in both groups equally and test group received constrain induced movement therapy for three hours every day. Weight-bearing and protective extension was measured based on quality of test skills of upper limbs (QUEST). Data analyzed using appropriated statistical methods.Results: 11 children in the experimental group (7 girls, 4 boys) with mean age 47.2±55.5 months and 10 children in the control group (5 girls, 5 boys) with mean age 19.2±10.5) months were studied. No significant difference observed before and after six weeks intervention between two groups (P>0.05). There was a significant change before and after six weeks intervention in both subscales.

Background: The prevalence and complications of type2 diabetes showed that traditional educations are not effective. In this trial, we evaluated the effect of electronic self-care education and continue case in compare to the traditional training methods on the practice and fasting blood sugar of diabetic patients.Methods: 170 type 2 diabetic patients were randomly allocated into two groups and followed for three months. The control group received routine follow up and the intervention group received electronic education plus routine follow up. The baseline and post-follow-up FBS, BMI and Practice score were collected and analyzed based on intention to treat protocol.Results: The baseline and post-intervention practice score was 24.1±7.1 vs. 32.2±6.5 for the intervention and 24.5±11.6 vs. 25.4±6.3 for the control group. The mean FBS before and after education was 223.8±77.2 vs. 167.5±55.2 mg/dl in intervention and 175.2±76.5 vs. 208.3±76.5 mg/dl in control group. BMI decreased 1.23 kg/m2 in intervention group while its increased 0.55 kg/m2 in the control group.

Background: Appropriate endurance exercise can change bone mass density and strength of weight-bearing bones in both animals and humans, but its effects on the microstructure are not known. This study aimed to determine skeletal changes induced by the treadmill running endurance in ovariectomized adult mice.Methods: twenty-seven adult female rats were divided into experimental and control groups. (Each group consisted of 9 rats) and 9 rats were killed to determine baseline values. Experimental group performed the progressive running exercise for 8 weeks, 12 to 20 m/min, 10 to 59 min, 5 times per week. Microarchitecture of dense and spongy bone tissues in the proximal tibia epiphysis were measured by using a semi-automated image analysis system. Data was analyzed using t-student tests.

Background: According to the attachment theory, anxiety disorders due to the child and based on attachment disorders are defined. This study examined the relationship between mother’s attachment style and school anxieties of mentally retarded male students.Methods: All mentally retarded male students of secondary schools during academic year of 2008-2009 in Shiraz were studied (127 students). The adult attachment style questionnaire (AAS -1987) used to assess maternal attachment and school anxiety test (SAS-TR) was applied to assess school anxiety of mental retarded students. The Spearman correlation and Kelomogrof-Smirnoff statistical tests used for data analyses.Results: Secure attachment style of mothers had a negative significant correlation with school anxiety.

Background: Nursing is one of the stressful jobs that affect nurse’s general health. The aim of this study was assessment relationship between Spiritual intelligence, Hardiness and General health among nurses in the hospital of Bushehr in 1388.Methods: Cross- sectional study designed and 125 nurses who have been working in different wards of the hospital enrolled in the study. Data was collected using Spiritual intelligence, Hardiness, General health and characteristics demographic questionnaires.Correlation, t-test, ANOVA, Tukey and regression analysis was applied using SPSS-16 soft ware. Results: The results showed there was significant relationship between spiritual intelligence and hardiness.

Background: Beside various factors for producing diabetes, it seems that chronic hepatitis C, HIV/HCV co-infection, and anti-retroviral treatment especially including protease inhibitors may predispose to diabetes. This study conducted to determine prevalence of diabetes in HIV and HCV patients.Methods: The registries of 150 HCV patients, 50 HIV patients and 90 HIV/HCV co-infected patients in Hepatic Clinics and consulting center for behavioral disorders in Kermanshah Western Iran was studied. The patients selected using convenience sampling method. Variables including age, sex, duration of disease, injecting drug usage, liver enzymes level, CD4 count, treatment with anti retroviral, treatment with interferon and blood sugar level were collected. Subjects with FBS³126 or BS³200 mg/dl described as diabetic. Data analyzed using chi-square and Fisher tests and SPSS software. Results: The prevalence of diabetes was 2.7%, 4% and 2.2% among patients infected with HCV, HIV and HIV/HCV co infection respectively. None of the variables such as age, sex, liver enzymes, injecting drug usage, CD4 count, antiretroviral treatment and interferon determined as risk factors for diabetes.Conclusion: Our finding showed that hepatitis C is not a definitive risk factor for diabetes. Although prevalence of diabetes in these patients was determined lower than general Kermanshah population, but factors such as difference in mean age and body mass index (BMI) may contribute in diabetes incidence. Infection with HIV and co-infection with HIV/HCV and treatment with anti retroviral drugs were not risk factors for diabetes.

Background: Hepatitis- B infection is one of the infectious diseases that transmits via blood transfiosion, blood product, injection, mother to fetus and sexual contact. Protective anti hepatitis-B titer are observed in more than 90% of healthy children. The aim of this study was to evaluate seroconversion rates in children who received routine vaccination program.Methods: A cross sectional study was designed. 196 children who received routine hepatitis-B vaccine (at birth, 2 and 6 months old) were selected. Anti hepatitis-B titer was measured using ELISA method in 6-7 years old children. Data was analyzed using chi-square and fisher exact tests. Results: 69% of all participants (98 boys and 98 girls) showed protective antibody titer (71.4% in girl and 67% in boys). There was no significant correlation between sex, weight and BMI and antibody response.Conclusion: Seroconversion rate after hepatitis-B vaccination was lower than the semilar studies. The etiology of low seroconversion rate needs to do further study in Kermanshah.

Background: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal carriers play role in development of nosocomial infections and may increase treatment costs and mortality rate. These isolates, in addition to beta lactamase, is resistant to other drugs. Carrier frequency and spectrum awareness of drug sensitivity in these isolates will be useful in choosing more effective methods of control and treatment. Methods: Nasal anterior parts samples collected from 160 hemodialysis patients in Imam Reza hospital. After diagnosis of Staphylococcus aureus, their sensitivity to 11 different antibiotics was determined using Kirby-bauer method and oxacillin strips. MRSA isolates, MIC was determined by microdilution method. Results: Twenty-eight percent of hemodialysis patients were Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage and 31% of the isolates were MRSA type. Penicillin was the most resistance (96%) and vancomycin was the lowest resistance (0%) antibiotics. Frequency of resistance to azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, cloxacillin, doxycycline, gentamicin and co-trimoxazole was 20-29% and chloramphenicol, clindamycin and rifampin was less than 10%. Most of MRSA isolates were resistance than MSSA isolates. 86% of MRSA isolates were identified as MDR. Oxacillin MIC for all MRSA isolates was more than 64 micg/ml. Conclusion: Antibiotic resistance patterns of isolated MRSA and MSSA was intirely different from each other so unlike MRSA, MSSA isolates were sensitive to the most antibiotics. Penicillin was totally ineffective and vancomycin was recognized as the most effective antibiotic in this study.

 Background: Despite expanded coverage of family planning in Iran, unwanted pregnancy is a common problem. The aim of this study was to explore women’s experiences of unwanted pregnancy in Shahroud public health centers.Methods: Purposive Sampling was conducted by means of focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews and by a semi-constructed questionnaire in this qualitative research. Five (FGDs) with 23 women in third trimester in pregnancy and 4 in-depth interviews with women with history of induced abortion were done. The method of Content analysis was used to analyze the data.Results: Results of the study can be divided into 4 categories: causes of naming pregnancy as an unwanted pregnancy, causes of unwanted pregnancy; husband, family and relatives’ reaction to unwanted pregnancy and the process of acceptance of unwanted pregnancy. Not planning for pregnancy due to physical, emotional and financial non-readiness for pregnancy and believe in two child policy were the main causes of naming pregnancy as unwanted by women. Process of adapting to pregnancy included not accepting pregnancy, trying abortion, accepting fetus and finally negative emotions towards past thoughts about abortion. Fathers and mothers had important roles in acceptance and continuation of pregnancy.Conclusion: Women with unwanted pregnancy face emotional and psychological problems. Health care providers need to support couples to combat this critical period.