Psychological Achievements
Year:2017 | Volume:23 | Issue:2 (16)|Papers Count:8

Given that some specific phobia, can be arised in the same way as post-traumatic stress disorder, the possibility that specific phobia can be treated with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing has increased. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of treatment by eye movement desensitization and reprocessing to reduce symptoms of specific phobia. This research is a single case study, multiple baselines, with three subjects having specific phobia. The research instrument was a fear questionnaire that participants at baselines and at the end of the second, fourth, sixth and eighth sessions, also in the pursuit of post-treatment period, completed. Results showed that the subjects' scores on the dimension of avoiding specific phobia during the treatment and follow-up, compared with baselines, dropped. Therefore we can say that treatment by eye movement desensitization and reprocessing was effective in reducing symptoms of phobia avoidance.

The present study tried to design and test a model for precedents and consequences of organizational spirituality in an industrial organization. The sample included 400 employees who were randomly selected. They were asked to fill in 7 questionnaires, including Ethical Leadership Questionnaire, Transformational Leadership Questionnaire, Ethical Climate Questionnaire, Organizational Justice Questionnaire, Organizational Spirituality Questionnaire, Psychological Empowerment Questionnaire, Job Satisfaction Questionnaire, Emotional Commitment Scale, Organizational Citizenship Behavior Scale, Self-Actualization Scale, and The Self-Centered Scale. The assessment of the proposed model was done through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results showed a rather good fitting of the model with the data. The variables such as ethical leadership, transformational leadership, ethical climate, and organizational justice influenced the organizational spirituality. On the other hand, the organizational spirituality had effects on variables such as psychological empowerment, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, organizational citizenship behavior, self-actualization and the organization-based self-esteem. Moreover, through organizational spirituality, the variables including ethical leadership, transformational leadership, ethical climate, and organizational justice indirectly affected the following variables: psychological empowerment, job satisfaction, emotional commitment, organizational citizen behavior, self-actualization, organization-based self-esteem.

This study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of metacognitive strategies training and working memory training on reading performance accuracy, speed and comprehension of students with dyslexia. The research project was a pretest-posttest experimental design with control group. Statistical population composed of all students with dyslexia at the elementary schools of Kermanshah in 2011-2012. 140 students were selected by cluster sampling method, from third and fourth grade students with dyslexia. Then, the participants were randomly divided into two experimental groups and one control group. The data collection instruments were checklist of reading, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, FalahChai Diagnostic Reading Tests and Reading Test(researcher–made). The participants in experimental groups received metacognitive strategies and working memory traning for eghit session, 60 minutes per session. Covariance analysis indicated that metacognitive strategies and working memory training have improved reading performance significantly. The results of post hoc test showed that metacognitive strategies, in reading comprehension and working memory, in accuracy of experimental group had a significant positive advantage, compared to the other experimental group. The finding suggested that metagcognitive strategies for developing reading comprehension and working memory are more effective for students with dyslexia. Metacognitive strategies in reading comprehension and working memory in accuracy are more effective.

Although the relationship between parental involvement and academic achievement is widely studied, there has been little attention to testing the role of student motivation and academic engagement as a mediators of this relationship. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between parental involvement and academic achievement, with regard to mediating role of motivation and academic engagement. For this purpose, in a descriptive-correlational study, 375 high school students of Kashmar and one of their parents were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The participants completed Parental Involvement Questionnaire (based on parent report), Parental Involvement Questionnaire (based on student report), Academic Motivation Scale, Engagement Scale and Academic Achievement. Data were analyzed by Lisrel and SPSS22 software, using structural equation modeling. The results of this study showed that proposed model has an acceptable fit with the data. In addition, motivation and academic engagement mediated the relationship between parental involvement and academic achievement of high school students. In sum, results of this study emphasized the importance of communication and parental involvement in students’ academic activities.

This study examined the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on social anxiety and blood sugar control in children with type I diabetes Mellitus. For this purpose, 38 children affected by diabetes Mellitus type 1, living in Tehran, were selected randomly and were divided into the experiment group (n=19) and control group (n=19). In this investigation, clinical trial method of pre-test and post-test types with control group was used. The measuring tools included the Children Symptom Inventory, Parent Form (CSI-4) and HbA1C test, which were used before and after the treatment. Then, in order to investigate the experimental group, 12 sessions of 45 minutes cognitive-behavioral therapy were conducted. For analyzing the data, a univariate and a multivariate covariance analysis were used. The results showed a significant difference between the experiment group and control group in terms of the effectiveness of cognitive–behavioral therapy on the variables under study. As such, cognitive–behavioral therapy reduced the social anxiety and improved the blood glycemic control in the group which received cognitive–behavioral therapy, relative to the control group. The results of the investigation also showed that, along with other available treatments, the cognitive-behavioral therapy can be considered as one of the new effective remedial intervention, especially in children affected by diabetes.

Internet addiction is a serious public health problem around the world. The number of global internet users has reaching more than 2.3 billion in 2011. Any addictive behavior may be the result of psychiatric symptoms. Researchers have shown that interpersonal difficulty found in people with borderline personality traits is associated with internet addiction. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explain the structural model of the relationship between borderline personality traits, interpersonal problems and addiction to the internet. The study was correlational and the statistical population of the study included all residents of the Karaj city in the fall of 1394, of which 262 persons were selected by multistage cluster sampling method. The instruments of the study included Borderline Symptom List by Bohus and colleagues (2007), InterpersonalDifficulties-47 by Pilkon is and colleagues (1996) and Internet Addiction by Young (1998). Data analysis with Structural Equation Modeling showed that the model fits well to the data and 43% of the variance of internet addiction is due to the changes in the numbers of borderline personality traits and interpersonal problems. Also, interpersonal difficulties mediated the relationship between borderline personality traits and internet addiction. It can be concluded that internet can be a social tool for meeting the needs of the individuals with borderline personality traits.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of anger management training with positive psychology perspective on cognitive emotion regulation strategies and anger rumination in female students (mean of age=21.57), residents of dormitory of Shahid Chamran University. In the first sample, 400 female students were selected by multi-stage random sampling method who completed Anger Rumination Scale of Sukhodolsky, Golub and Cromwell. From the 66 students, who had high anger rumination, 30 subjects were selected by random sampling method and divided into two groups, control and experimental groups. Experimental group participated in 8 sessions of anger management training with positive psychology perspective, but the control group did not receive any intervention. The results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that the anger management training with positive psychology perspective, significantly decreased anger rumination (F=18.98, p<0.001), but did not have any effect on positive and negative cognitive emotion regulation strategies (F=1.37, p<0.257), (F=1.85, p <0.191). This finding showed that anger management training with positive psychology perspective can be usefull for individuals with high anger rumination.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between dark triad personality traits and online self-disclosure. The present research is a correlational type of study. The population of the present study includes all B.Sc students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University, among them three hundred and seventy-five students (175 female and 200 male) were selected, using proportion- stratified random sampling method. They were asked to respond to self-disclosure (attitudes, interests, study, money, personality and body) and Dark Triad Personality (Narcissism, Machiavellism and Psychopath) Questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple regression. The results of Pearson correlation showed that there were positive correlations of machiavelism with subscales of study/work, personality, body and total self-disclosure, and psychopath with subscales of body and total self-disclosure. Finally the results showed that there were positive correlations of narcissism with subscales of interest and study/work, personality, body and total self-disclosure. The results of stepwise multiple regression analyses showed that among three dark personality traits, two personality traits, narcissism and machiavellism, were predictors of online self-disclosure. According to the results of the present study, the role of two dark triad personalities, narcissism and machiavellism, on internet self-disclosure was confirmed. This result can help internet users, especially students, to discover interests and personality characteristics of individuals with high internet self-disclosure in cyber atmosphere and increase knowledge and predict exploitation of these people.